Abaculi avant-garde. Russian abaculi avant-garde kwekhulu lama-20

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili eRussia kwakunebandla elilodwa izitayela okuye kusukela ekuqaleni yesimanjemanje kanye yabizwa ngokuthi "Russian avant-garde." Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi Uzwakala avant - "phambi" futhi garde - "ukuphepha", kodwa ukuhumusha kwesikhathi isidlulile okuthiwa sesimanje bakhalisa ngokuthi "vanguard". Eqinisweni, abasunguli bale nhlangano baba French avant-garde abaculi kwekhulu le-19 ukuthi wakhuthaza uyaphika iyiphi izimiso eziyisisekelo sonke isikhathi ukuba khona yobuciko. Injongo eyinhloko abaculi avant-garde iyona kuphikisa amasiko nemithetho engabhaliwe of ubuciko bokubeka.

Vanguard futhi busebenze

Russian avant-garde - inhlanganisela isiko Russian namanye amasu imidwebo Western Europe. I-Russian avant-garde abaculi - labo owabhala isitayela abstract ka Suprematism, Constructivism futhi Cubo-Futurism. Empeleni, lezi ezine izitayela main kanye avant-garde Amathrendi.

• Abstractionist amaphepha lapho ebhalela lagxila ngokukhethekile umbala nokuma. Ukusebenzisa kwabo, baqamba eziningana izinhlangano. Umsunguli wale nhlangano eRussia lezwakala Kandinsky, futhi ekugcineni wathola sasekelwa Malevich, Larionov, Goncharova.
• Ukuthuthukisa imiqondo Abstraction, Malevich wadala enye - Suprematism. Iwebhu lokuqala lo mkhuba - "Black Square". uyakubizwa iyahola inhlanganisela womumo nemibala wenza ukudala isithombe. imibono Suprematist ngokucacile ngemisebenzi avant-garde abaculi A. Rozanov, MI Kliun, Alexandra Exter, N. Udaltsov.
• Ngesisekelo imibono eyakhayo kukhona izithombe imishini yokukhiqiza. Abasunguli bale nhlangano kukhona abaculi avant-garde kwekhulu lama-20 V Tatlin no E. Lissitzky.
• A ingxube French Cubism futhi Futurism Italian kuye kwavula kwenye ngaphakathi: Cubo. Umsebenzi eyenziwa ngale ndlela, izifushaniso ovelele Umumo nombala inhlanganisela babengakujwayele zobuciko isikhathi. abameleli esivelele Russian Cubo-Futurism baba avant-garde abaculi Malevich, O. Rozanova, Goncharova, N. Udaltsov, L. Popova, Alexandra Exter.

izici yobuciko kanye aesthetics ye avant-garde

Ukuze avant-garde ukunyakaza zinezikhathi ezinye izici ukuthi lihlukaniswe nezinye izindawo:

• Garde ukwamukela noma yiziphi izinguquko zemiphakathi, ezifana inguquko.
• Flow nobuntu a emagama ezithile, isibonelo, rationality futhi irrationality.
• Recognition, ukuhlonishwa ngoba ahlonipha inqubekela-phambili yesayensi lwezobuchwepheshe.
• amafomu okusha, izindlela kanye izindlela, ongakayisebenzisi emhlabeni art.
• Qedela ukwenqaba Fine Arts VIII leminyaka.
• Ukuphika noma ukwamukelwa yesiko, esungulwe izisekelo imidwebo.
• Ufundza kusebentisa bobunjwa, imibala kanye shades.

Wassily Kandinsky

Zonke abaculi avant-garde kwekhulu lama-20 le "izingane" Vasiliya Kandinskogo, owayenguyise umsunguli avant-garde eRussia. Wonke umsebenzi wakhe uhlukaniswe izigaba 3:

• Isikhathi Munich Kandinsky lusebenza ku namathafa, ukudala yobuciko ezifana "The Blue Rider", "Gateway", "eGulf Coast e-Netherlands", "Old Town".
• isikhathi eMoscow. Imidwebo edume kunayo "Amazon" inkathi kanye "Amazon ezintabeni."
• Bauhaus naseParis. Umbuthano isetshenziswa kaningi kunamanye zeJiyomethri ne shades avame ukuba amathoni cool nokuzola. Imisebenzi kwalesi sikhathi kukhona "umbono Small abomvu", "Ukwakheka VIII», «Imihlaba Small", "Yellow Sound", "Fancy".

Kazimir Malevich

Kazimir Malevich wazalwa ngo-February 1879 e Kiev emndenini Polish. Ngokokuqala ngqá e indima umculi, wazama isandla sakhe iminyaka engu-15 ubudala lapho wanikwa iqoqo upende. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Malevich kwaba izindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu umdwebo. Kodwa abazali bami abazange ukwabelana indodana intshiseko futhi ephikelela kokuthola umsebenzi lubucayi kakhudlwana futhi lesi sikhundla esinemali. Ngakho-ke Malevich engena esikoleni agronomic. Ukufika e-eKursk ngo-1896, wenza ajwayelane Leo Kvachevskim, umculi okweluleka Casimir hamba ukufunda eMoscow. Ngeshwa, Malevich kabili yehlulekile ukungena eMoscow School of Painting. Waqala ukufunda amakhono at Rerberg ngubani akagcinanga ngokuwufundisa kuphela umculi abasha, kodwa futhi anakekela ngazo zonke izindlela ongazicabanga: nemibukiso ihlelwe yomsebenzi wakhe, wasethula ngayo emphakathini. Bobabili imisebenzi ekuseni khulu, ngemuva kwesikhathi by Malevich - a ubukhazikhazi kanye nemizwelo. Njengezinye Russian avant-garde abaculi kwekhulu lama-20, lapho ehlanganisa umsebenzi wakhe kahle kanye sokungcola, kodwa isithombe ihlanganisa indida ukucabangela. Ngo-1915, Malevich wethulwa emphakathini uchungechunge imidwebo isitayela avant-garde, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke phakathi kwabo - "Black Square". Phakathi imisebenzi eminingi kokubili abalandeli kanye abaculi avant-garde wayenikela "othile ogulayo ezinhle", "Ukuphumula. Komphakathi amasilinda, "" Odade, "" Underwear ocingweni "," Torso "," Gardener "," Isonto "," Dryads ababili, "" kubofuturisticheskogo kwengoma. "

Mikhail Larionov

Watadisha ngesikhathi eMoscow School of Painting, Umfanekiso and Architecture. othisha akhe angamalangabi ezifana abaculi abadumile njengoba Korovin, Levitan, Serov. Esikhathini imisebenzi ekuqaleni we Larionov komkhondo amanothi lokusungula esingokwemvelo Nesterova futhi Kuznetsova, engesiyo avant-garde abaculi kanye imidwebo yabo ezakho lokhu kuthambekela. Libhekene Larionov nezindawo ezifana Folk ubuciko, bakudala. Imigqomo amanothi lempi, isibonelo, "Izivakashi amasosha" futhi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ubuhle ekahle, esikhanyayo in the film "Venus" futhi "Katsapskaya Venus." Njengezinye Soviet abaculi avant-garde, Larionov wathatha ingxenye kulo mbukiso "Tail Imbongolo sika" futhi "Jack Diamonds."

Natalia Goncharova

Goncharova ekuqaleni wafunda ebaziwe, futhi kuphela kamuva bathuthela imidwebo. umeluleki wokuthoma wakhangiswa Korovin, futhi ngalesi sikhathi yena samjabulisa embukisweni imidwebo lakhe umoya Impressionism. it is ngaleso sikhathi kwaphakamisa themes ongumlimi art namasiko abantu ezahlukene kanye nangenkathi. Lokhu kuye kwabangela ukuvela amafilimu ezifana "abavangeli", "Ukuvuna", "Umama", "Runaround". A samuntu la umqondo wezwe elingaphansi okungenakufa on ngendwangu art eseqala "Ama-orchid" futhi "Iminduze ekhazimulayo '

Olga Rozanova

Thanda abaculi abaningi, Rozanov emva esikoleni weza ngaphansi kwethonya yezinye izingcweti. Avant-garde abaculi badle abasha intombazane abanamakhono empilweni yomphakathi, futhi iminyaka engu-10 yena uye wahlanganyela inqwaba nemibukiso ukhiphe a lot of izincwadi nemidlalo. Rozanov Useke wadlula izigaba eziningana lomsebenzi, ushintshe isitayela isiqondiso.

Ivan Klyunkov (Kliun)

indlela Creative Ivana Klyuna sashintsha isigubhukane emuva kokuhlangana nezikhulu Malevich. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ehlangana naye umculi wafunda Umdwebo French waphinde wavakashela umbukiso "Jack Diamonds." Ngemva komhlangano kwesibhamu Kliun unezela iqoqo yakhe emidwebo "Gramophone", "Jug" futhi "egijima ngokusebenzisa landscape." Okuningi umsebenzi yamuva umculi wabulawelwa isitayela Umdwebo engokomfanekiso, ukudala ekumeni, uhlobo izingoma, namanje ukuphila, umfanekiso.

Alexandra Exter

Exter abe umculi ngenxa uhambo eParis, lapho isiphetho bemletha abaculi abaziwa umhlaba wonke ezifana Picasso, uJakobe, Braque, Apollinaire, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona i-avant-garde.
Ngemva kohambo Exter waqala ukuloba isitayela impressionistic futhi umphumela umsebenzi Umdwebo "Namanje ukuphila nge vase nezimbali" futhi "Izibalo amathathu nowesifazane." Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo msebenzi kwakhanya pointillism nobumbi cubism. Alexander ethulwa imidwebo yakhe emibukisweni. Kamuva, umculi enikelwe isikhathi esiningi kanye nokusungulwa non-engokomfanekiso ngesineke zesikrini, lampshades, imicamelo kanye umklamo imikhiqizo ezigcawugcawu.

Vladimir Tatlin

Tatlin waqala ukufunda ngesikhathi eMoscow School of Painting, Umfanekiso and Architecture, bese - ngesikhathi Penza Art College. Kodwa uma sicabangela ukuthi izikhala njalo futhi ukusebenza academic abampofu, waxoshwa, ngaphandle kokuthola diploma. Ngo-1914 Tatlin usimisile imisebenzi yakhe embukisweni "Jack Diamonds" futhi "Tail Imbongolo sika". Ngokuvamile, imidwebo yakhe zihlobene ukudoba zeviki. indima ebalulekile ushintsho isiqondiso udlala wayohlangabezana Picasso kwaba ngemva Tatlin wakhe eqala ukudala Cubist ngesitayela "Larionov nethonya." Akhe dalo zibonisa isakhiwo, ehlanganisa ukhuni nensimbi steel ngenkambo eziyisisekelo ngesiRashiya constructivist avant-garde.

El Lissitzky

Ngokokuqala ngqá uvalwe nge yokudweba Lissitzky nazo emphakathini wamaJuda Isikhuthazo Wezobuciko, lapho ayesebenza khona kusukela ngo-1916. Ngaleso sikhathi, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi wafanekisa iphephandaba ezingamaJuda, kodwa futhi iqhaza nemibukiso eqhutshwe eMoscow naseKiev. umsebenzi kombhali ngokuvumelanayo sihlanganise imiqulu ngesandla futhi miriskusnicheskie schedule. Ngokushesha lapho sifika Vitebsk Lissitzky okungenanzuzo nentshisekelo lokusungula, ilungisa amabhuku nemaphosta. Ale yiyona brainchild of "Proun" - Umumo ngakuthathu, okuyinto kukhona isisekelo ukukhiqizwa ifenisha ngisho nanamuhla.

Lyubov Popova

Thanda abaculi abaningi, Popov wathatha indlela nenezinyathelo eziningana kumiswa: imisebenzi zalo zokuqala zazenziwa isitayela Cezanne, futhi kamuva wabonakala izici Cubism, Fauvism futhi Futurism. Popov ukuthi izwe njengoba enkulu namanje-ukuphila, futhi idluliselwe ukuba canvas ngesimo izithombe ingcaca. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa uthando imisindo nemibala. Lokhu ihlukanisa umsebenzi wakhe kusukela umsebenzi Malevich. Ukuphishekela design imikhiqizo waseshashalazini, Popov ufake isicelo isitayela "Art Deco", okusho hlanganisa avant-garde zanamuhla. Umdwebi Kwakudida ukuhlanganisa incongruous, isibonelo, ne Renaissance Cubism kanye iconography Russian.

Indima Russian avant-garde emlandweni

ngentuthuko Abaningi avant-garde zisasetshenziswa ezobuciko yesimanje, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi yena njengomuntu vanguard ngoba yathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu. Isizathu esiyinhloko nciphisa salo ndlela eziningi, okwadala abaculi avant-garde. Vanguard Art kwenza ukuba ukuthuthukisa negative, futhi bavunyelwe ukuba ukuthuthukisa entsha amafomu, izindlela kanye nezixazululo ekuxazululeni izinkinga kwezobuciko.