Helminths - izimpawu. Ukuhlaziya helminths. Izikelemu ezinganeni - izimpawu

Nge izinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala ingane iqala ngenkuthalo ufunde nezwe elalimzungezile, in the course izinhlaka iphunga, ukuzwa, emehlweni, ukunambitha ukuzwela. Phakathi nale nkathi, ukuncipha ingane ingenandaba nezinto ngo konke ihlangabezana endleleni yakhe. Kuyinto sikhathi iyona ayingozi kakhulu empilweni yakhe, okwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka nge-worm.

Futhi amadala ingane, aba maningi amathuba okuba ukutheleleka, njengoba uqala ukunyakaza okuningi futhi ukuxhumana kwabo ontanga. Ngokwe-WHO, iminyaka izingane ngaphansi ezintathu ubudala Lesi sifo siphatha kakhulu ukuze lesi sifo. Kuyini izimpethu kuyingozi kangaka? Izimpawu kanye nezimbangela zabo kube lula ukubona?

Ezidlayo worm: izici nezinhlobo

Izinhlobo zezikelemu ezingena impahla, yingozi kubantu, okuningi, engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili, kodwa ezinye zazo zingabantu ezingavamile kakhulu, kuphela ezindaweni ezithile. Esikhathini amazwe CIS neRussia esikhathini esiningi kukhona roundworms yisinanakazana, noma nematodes. Izifo ezivame kakhulu kubangelwa nezibungu hymenolepiasis (lwegciwane - tapeworm yemifino) kanye enterobiosis (lwegciwane - pinworm).

Ukudlulisa, ezimweni eziningi kukhona indlela contact-yasendlini kusukela ingane egulayo endaweni enempilo ngenkathi usebenzisa izinto ezivamile (amathoyizi, izingubo, izitsha). Futhi, umntwana angakwazi batheleleke ngokuba egumbini elilodwa isiguli futhi ephefumula othulini. Kodwa enterobiasis (pinworms) umuntu can "umvuzo" yena ngezandla ezingcolile noma ukudla ezingcolile.

amaqembu athile izibungu yisinanakazana kwezitho zomzimba ezahlukene. Cestodes (yemifino, sezinkomo, tapeworm porcine) kanye nematode (Ascaris, Ancylostoma, strongiloidy) abahlala ikholoni. Flukes zitholakala biliary ipheshana isibindi. Ingulube tapeworm izibungu kuthiwa imali izitsha egazini, okunamafutha izicubu, ubuchopho kanye ekamelweni iso.

Ngo ebuntwaneni, ngokuvamile kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini trematodes (flukes) futhi iteyipu worm. Izimpawu esigabeni acute (amasonto 2-3) ngenxa yokusabela kwalo umzimba. Ngemva eziningana izinyanga ngokungabi bikho efanele ukuphathwa iqala ezingamahlalakhona nesigaba lesi sifo.

ukubonakaliswa Clinical zincike inombolo nendawo kwamagciwane, kanye izici ukudla kwabo. Izikelemu ezisebusweni kwezitho nezicubu zomzimba, ngawakhamela futhi babalimaze, okubangela ukudakwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimuncagazi asiqonde ngokugcwele wonke umsoco ivela igazi, bese ephula ukuba ukuncela icubungula kubo esiqeshini emathunjini bese okubangela iziyaluyalu ezifana nesifo sokuntuleka kwegazi kanye vitamin kwamaphutha.

Ngisho esigabeni ezingamahlalakhona uqhubeke imiphumela zazo eziyingozi ku helminths womuntu. Izimpawu e abadala cishe akuhlukile izimpawu zesifo ezinganeni. Amasosha omzimba zibuthaka, ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise ukumelana Amagciwane of izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye fungal. Futhi ezinye izinhlobo zezikelemu ezingena impahla uyakwazi ukwakha izimila abulalayo endaweni kwasendaweni.

nematodes emathunjini ezinganeni

Angaphezu kuka 90% izifo yisinanakazana avuse ncamashi nematodes. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa izikelemu - round nge imikhawulo ezicijile ezidala ukuba eside 15 cm. Eza ngombala omhlophe futhi angenisa ukukhanya, siphile emathunjini amancane, ukuthutha unomphela.

Thola nabo kwesihlalo esikhundleni nzima. Ukuxilonga izifo wena isidingo ngokuphindaphindiwe pass indle ku helminths. Ngaphandle wokuthatha amagadango zokwelapha isikhathi lokho kwakubeka ukuphila kwabo kungaba kuze iminyaka 2.

pinworms

Lokhu ezincane (1 cm) izimpethu engonxantathu luhlaza olumhlophe. Zitholakala ngokuyinhloko emathunjini amancane futhi ikholoni. Bavame kungabonakala nasemkhakheni indle yengane. Futhi ebusuku bona ukukhasa phezu kwesikhumba ukuze abeke izibungu zabo. Girls ngokuvamile izimpethu zingene umthondo, okubangela ukusakazeka kwamagciwane futhi ukucasuka okunzima nolwelwesi lwamafinyila.

Lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi enterobiasis. Kungathatha kuze 3 iminyaka, uma kungekhona azithathe zokwelapha senzo. Nakuba ukuphila pinworm sifushane, kodwa ngenxa esiningi izibungu ayilibalanga, inani labo ngokushesha abuyiselwe.

Kanjani ukuze uthole ingane izimpethu?

Ezinganeni, izimpawu khona abantu elincane elingalodwa kusulwe, kodwa uma uhlala emathunjini izimpethu ezinkulu, isithombe emtholampilo is kunalokho libizwa. Ascariasis nge ukuhlasela kwaso okukhulu nzima jaundice mechanical, pancreatitis, futhi isimiso emathunjini. Enterobiasis libhekene ezinzima perianal ukulunywa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokulala. umzila yokudlulisela - sisemoyeni.

amaqanda Amagciwane bangene imvelo kanye indle izilwane ezigulayo futhi abantu. Ezincane Usayizi izibungu okungukuthi kakhulu ukumelana ngaphandle, ngakho ikani ende inkathi isikhathi ukuzinakekela yayo ukusebenza emhlabathini, imikhiqizo, isikhumba noma izingubo. Eba womntwana umlomo ingaphakathi, bona babhekana lo ngokwengxenye ukubhujiswa azibukhali imvelo isisu. Engena phakathi emathunjini, ziyasebenza ngokushesha futhi baqala ukwanda.

Ingabe ikakhulukazi ukungenwa izikelemu grudnichki futhi izingane kuze kube lapho ngineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala. Izingane namanje ampofu isithiyo emathunjini. Kule ngombono, abazali kumele bagade ngokucophelela inhlanzeko yengane yakhe ukuze sakhe noma umzimba wakhe is hhayi lwangena izimpethu yingozi. Izimpawu ziyefana njengoba ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, ukungakuthandi ukudla pallor.

I ukubonakaliswa main

Ngokuvamile, umama likadokotela libike ukuthi wathola indle izimpethu wengane encane noma pinworms isilungisiwe. Kulesi simo, udokotela kufanele ngokushesha ukhethe ukuhlaziywa izimpethu nokukhuhla ukuxilonga ngokunembile futhi aphathe lesi sifo. ukubonakaliswa ongaqondile umntwana kaningi kakhulu ukuxwayisa abazali okuqhosha ngokuhlasela helminthic. Lezi zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo: isicanucanu njalo, amathe, inzuzo angaphilile noma ukungakuthandi ukudla, sezinyawo iziyaluyalu kwesizathu (uhudo, ukuqunjelwa), isiyezi. Futhi, ngaphansi iso imibuthano, paleness, ikhanda elibuhlungu, cramping ubuhlungu inkaba, ukukhathala - konke kubonisa ukutheleleka. Izimuncagazi ngokuvamile baxabane nomzimba, bese ingane iqala dermatitis, ukuqubuka, diathesis.

Ezinye izimpawu izibungu

Ngo amantombazane, zonke ukuthi lokhu kuhambisana nokubuka ukuvuvukala Izitho zangasese zangaphandle. Ezinganeni, kukhona ngamabomu ukucasuka sezinzwa, emkhayeni, nokugedla amazinyo, ubuthongo ompofu, ephelezelwa Screams kanye iconsi. ukulunywa ziphikelele endaweni anal eletha ingane ukungakhululeki.

Izimpawu yokungenwa yizifo ngokucindezela helminths esibulalayo ngezinye izikhathi zihlanganisa hematuria (igazi amaconsi ekupheleni ukuchama), nesifiso sokufuna njalo nobuhlungu. Kungase kube ukuvuvukala, amajaqamba, izigqiki wezimpi ezalandela. Cysticercosis, alveococcosis hydatid futhi ngokuvamile musa ubonise ngokwabo isikhathi eside, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana, umuntu eza ithumba noma isimila ukudabuka, okuyinto izimuncagazi, okuholela peritonitis, ukushaqeka anaphylactic nezinye nemiphumela emibi ngendlela efanayo.

Izikelemu ezinganeni (izimpawu kwelinye wesithathu izingane zifana) ngokuvamile libhekene echazwe imihlola. Kwamanye ngenkathi kukhona asikhali ngalutho. Izikelemu kancane ubuthi isidumbu sengane. Ithiphu ngumzali: zidlule wokuhlola okuhleliwe njalo ngonyaka, ukuze uma ukutheleleka ngendlela efanele usaqala ukuvimbela isifo.

ukuhlola

Ukuxilongwa indle labetibambile kanzima, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izikelemu noma pinworm amaqanda avele khona nsuku zonke. sicela uthathe kubo izinsuku ezintathu ezilandelanayo ukuze ukuthembeka imiphumela yokuhlaziya ku worm. Thola izimuncagazi futhi kusiza CBC.

isimiso sethu sokuhamba kwegazi iphendula helminth izifo. Lokhu kuboniswa izinkomba ezilandelayo: anda bilirubin oqondile, eosinophils, phosphatase ane-alikhali, AST, ALT, thymol test. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxilongwa kusekelwe izindlela serological (ELISA, Phragmites, Rif).

Ngempela enikezwa ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kwegazi worm. Naye wafundelwa amasampula umchamo, isikhwehlela, Bile, isikhwehlela perianal futhi rectal futhi indle. Enterobiasis kunqunywa uzingela izibungu asendabeni esithathelwe emphethweni perianal usebenzisa itheyiphu, swab noma spatula.

Izimuncagazi ezihlala kule duodenum, Bile imbobo, amanyikwe kanye isibindi kungatholakala e-Bile nokuqukethwe duodenal. izindlela ezengeziwe asetshenziselwa sicacise yazo: tomography ngekhompyutha, Endoscopy nge endobiopsiey, ultrasound.

Uma ubuka abantwana efana izimpawu (izimpawu yokucasuka we perineum, ukudakwa ezingamahlalakhona), musa ukudonsa isikhathi ngokushesha ukuya isikhungo sezokwelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi ezifanayo emitholampilo isithombe kubonakala kwezinye isifo uthi. Kuphela ngemuva luhlolo umnyuziki udokotela imithi yokwelapha ngempumelelo.

zokwelapha

ekhemisi Modern inikeza eziningi izidakamizwa zokwenziwa izidakamizwa ezisiza ukulwa nalesi sifo. Kakhulu ngempumelelo ukubulala pretty masinyane izikelemu abantu. Izimpawu zinyamalale emva umnyuziki Yiqiniso yokwelapha. Kuye kwatholakala izinhlobo ezingu-izimuncagazi prescribers. Ukuze izidakamizwa ewumngcingo-spectrum amaqembu amathathu imali: protivotsestodoznye, protivotrematodnye futhi protivonematodnye.

Protivonematodnye izidakamizwa

kungaba yingozi roundworms izidakamizwa ezinjalo "Levamisole", "mebendazole", "Karbendatsim", "Pyrantel". Worming amaphilisi imbangela ukukhubazeka alibi nazo izimpethu futhi neqhaza kwabo okusheshayo excretion.

Protivotsestodoznye izidakamizwa

Lezi zihlanganisa nemithi "Praziquantel" futhi "Niclosamide". Le mithi thwebula izimuncagazi flat.

Protivotrematodoznye izindlela

Imithi "Perhloertilen" futhi "Hloksin" abamiselwe ngokumelene flukes. Le mithi zinobuthi izibungu umzimba futhi amuncwa umzimba kahle uma wamukelwe.

Uma izinyane yakho ukuze ufake leli uphethwe yini kufanele aphathwe kanye wonke amanye amalungu omkhaya ukuze ugweme kabusha ukutheleleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele wenze lokhu yokuhlanza lokugcina nge ejenti chlorine-aqukethe nelineni ironed ngokucophelela ukuze ziye ngizoqothulwa zonke izibungu. Izimpawu helminthic ayehlasela akazange asheshe abonakale, ngakho-ke qaphela futhi baqaphe.

izinyathelo

Isisekelo zokuvimbela ukutheleleka nge zonke izinhlobo zezikelemu ezingena impahla ukwakha ingane isencane enempilo (inhlanzeko nsuku zonke, ukuwasha olunzulu imifino nezithelo). Khuthaza ingane yakho emva emgwaqweni ngokushesha ugeze izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi elwa namagciwane, sebenzisa kuphela ithawula akho, washcloth. Enqabela ingane yakho ukuze uxhumane ne izilwane emgwaqweni ezikhombisa ukuthi zingadala itheleleke izikelemu.

Thatha njalo yokuhlanza ezimanzi endlini, ungavumeli ingane yakho ukudlala izicathulo. Geza ngamanzi anensipho wonke amathoyizi. On the uhambo ukubona ngokucophelela ukuthi umntwana usuke engakabi ukuchilizwa emlonyeni wakhe ezihlukahlukene izinto. Ungalokothi usebenzise imikhiqizo ezingcolile futhi inyama eluhlaza. Phuza amanzi kuphela oyi-abilisiwe elicwengekileyo, njengoba kungaba othwala izimuncagazi.

Ukuhambisana nemithetho eyisisekelo ngeke uvikele ingane yakho ezifweni. Ukuvimbela helminthiasis futhi eyenziwa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kabili ngonyaka - entwasahlobo and ekwindla. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo imithi "Albendazole" noma "Pyrantel". Isikimu olushiwo imiyalelo, ngokuvamile izingane ezindala kuka kweminyaka emibili, ukunika 10 ml ukumiswa kanye nsuku zonke izinsuku ezintathu.

Nutrition ngesikhathi egula

Uma ukutheleleka ungakwazi ukugwema, into ebaluleke kakhulu - hhayi umuzwa wokuphelelwa ithemba futhi ukuhambisana nayo yonke izincomo udokotela. Kusukela Ukudla ukubekela eceleni yobisi ukudla okunoshukela. Okuningi izipesheli ingane fresh ayo, izithelo kanye nemifino. Daily yensimbi le zokulala. Nge efanele imodi ukubaleka isifo.

Traditional imithi ikani futhi usizo ukubhubhisa izikelemu abantu (izimpawu ezichazwe ngenhla). Ngokwesibonelo, sekuyisikhathi eside aziwayo ukuthi izikelemu ungeme iphunga garlic, sage, tansy, anyanisi kanye amathanga. Of izingxenye etholakalayo ungalungisa umuthi kanye nokusebenzisa kwayo nge ngezindlela ezivamile benta kahle kakhulu.

Nokho kuyasiza onion ukumnika. Onion Imi ku encane tincetu futhi uthele ingilazi efudumele amanzi. Wafaka enjalo umhluzi ubusuku futhi ekuseni kakhulu ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni yokuqothulwa. Yidla nedlanzana imbewu ithanga esiswini esingenalutho nekucala ukucula laxative omnene - kuba ikhambi kakhulu ngokumelene izimuncagazi.