Zempi wase-USSR phakathi neMpi Yezwe II (isithombe)

imikhumbi Linear kukhona wezikhali armored izimoto zempi, ezithinta displacement esikhulu futhi izikhali ezinhle. Zempi wase-USSR ziye kabanzi ezihlukahlukene izimpi, njengoba kalula sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo lapho kubhujiswa lesi isitha empini asolwandle ngokusebenzisa iziteleka wezikhali akhatshana esisogwini ogwini.

Izici

Zempi zinamandla wezikhali izimoto zempi. Ekuqaleni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe enkonzweni yezwe labo laliphezulu kakhulu. Zempi wase-USSR kwadingeka isevisi izinga ezihlukahlukene zomculo ukuthi njalo ngcono. Ngokuvamile kwezikhali kwakuba ezinkulu-osezingeni izibhamu, torpedo amashubhu. Le mikhumbi ukunikeza ekumeleleni Leningrad, Sevastopol futhi kwamanye amadolobha asogwini.

Class "Sevastopol '

Zempi lesi sigaba akheke qapha umzimba, lapho indawo freeboard futhi ekunqandeni icebreaking ifomu ziyancipha. Lapho obuphelele elincane sikebhe we tonnage umkhumbi wawususukile amathani 23.000, kodwa Eqinisweni lilingana amathani mayelana 26.000. I-fuel esetshenziswa zamalahle, futhi uma kudingeka ukusebenza ophoqelelwe, namafutha. Lezi Navy yempi aseSoviet ifakwe amandla plant 42 000 amalitha. a. ngesivinini 23 ifindo bese ukubhukuda ibanga 4000 amamayela.

Njengoba izikhali izikebhe ifakwe komugqa rifled izibhamu ahlelwe yemigqa futhi ezahlukene lobuchwepheshe labadubuli ngesilinganiso 1.8 ngomzuzu. Njengoba lisetshenziswe zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali emayini 16 izibhamu 120 mm, ogama ingamaphesenti 7 imizuliswano ngomzuzu, benezikhali zonke ibekwe emphemeni phakathi. Lokhu kubeka wezikhali kwaholela nekusebenta ongaphakeme kwenzeka lesi sigameko sokudubula, lapho, kuhlangene seaworthiness eliphansi yempi wabenza nzima ukulawula.

Lezi yempi USSR abangu ngaphansi sesimanje ngisho ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II, okwaphumela ngcono imikhumbi Silhouette: babenesifiso ithangi-add-e ukuthi uvalwe ithobela umzimba, futhi phezulu laligcwele flooring okuhlala. Izinguquko abathintekayo umnsalo, izitshalo amandla ukuze zithuthukise izimo zokuphila for the team.

"Paris isigodi"

Lokhu yempi iyathuthukiswa sakamuva. Ngokuhamba ekuthuthukiseni ukufuduka yayo ikhuphukile injini amandla wayemude futhi zaba 61 000 hp, umkhumbi has a isivinini phezulu 23.5 ifindo. ukunakwa kakhulu sesimanje sesikhokhelwe ekuqiniseni izikhali emoyeni ukuzivikela: umnsalo nengemuva babengu-6 anti-aircraft izibhamu ka 76 mm, 16 wezikhali izibhamu futhi 14 izibhamu. Lezi yempi kweMpi Yezwe II eSoviet Union ayesetshenziswa ekumeleleni Sevastopol. Ngoba bonke lokulwa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II yempi nengxenye 15 nomkhankaso wempi, eyenziwa 10 wezikhali labadubuli, kubonakala engaphezu kwengu-20 lihlaselwa izindiza isitha wadubula phansi izindiza ezintathu isitha.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, umkhumbi waze bavikela Sevastopol futhi Kerch Strait. Impi sokuqala senzeke ngo-November 8, 1941, kanye kuphela ngokokuqala lokulwa lokuqala azichithile inqwaba amathangi, izibhamu, izimoto zempi ethutha izimpahla ezithile.

"Marat"

Lezi yempi USSR yalwela tindlelanchubo Leningrad, okuholela ukuvikela idolobha izinsuku 8. Kolunye ekuhlaseleni isitha umkhumbi wafika amabhomu amabili nje owabhubhisa Iminsalo umkhumbi, okwaholela ekusungulweni detonation igobolondo zewayini. Ngenxa yalokho zalesi sibhicongo wabulala abantu 326 - zezisebenzi. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, lo mkhumbi buoyancy ngokwengxenye aft ingxenye esebuyile, owacwila, Kwadlula. AmaJalimane isikhathi eside wazama ukubhubhisa yempi ezilimele, owasetshenziswa lempi yethu njengoba nqaba.

Nokho, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile lo yempi lalungiswa futhi zibuyiselwe, kodwa ngisho lokhu kuye wamvumela ukuba simelane umlilo wezikhali onke esitha; ngemva kokubuyiselwa kwemikhumbi kwabhujiswa ngu izindiza, amabhethri, izisebenzi lesitha. Ngo-1943, yempi yase-USSR saqanjwa ngokuthi "Petropavlovsk", futhi nangemva kweminyaka 7 ngokuphelele kusasetshenziswa idluliselwe isikhungo ukuqeqeshwa.

"Okthoba Revolution"

Lokhu yempi ekuqaleni ngokusekelwe e Tallinn, kodwa ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II iye abayiswe Kronstadt, ngokushesha nje omuzi aqala podstupat amaJalimane. "Okthoba Revolution" sekuyinkinga okuthembekile wezikhali bevikela umuzi, kusukela yonke imizamo ukucwila yempi weZempi German ayiphumelelanga. Phakathi nempi, yempi elikhulu eU.SSR siye sazibonakalisa njengesitha okunokwethenjelwa phezu kwamanzi.

Kusukela "Gangut" ukuze "Revolution"

Igama lokuqala kwakungewona umsebenzi yempi "Hanko". Kwaba ngaphansi kwaleli gama, umkhumbi waba nengxenye kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala: ngaphansi esembozweni sawo ayebekelwe minefields, kamuva yashaya hhayi omunye impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu German. Ngemva ukwabela igama elisha elingaphansi emkhunjini wakhonza seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, amaJalimane babe yonke imizamo ukubhekana naso onamandla wokuba isehluleki. yempi Soviet kweMpi Yezwe II ngo-jikelele lithembeke: isibonelo, "Okthoba Revolution" yabekwa eziningi zezindiza kanye wezikhali ukuhlaselwa, futhi namanje inkani. I yempi kakhulu efanayo phakathi nempi ekhiqizwa mayelana 1,500 amagobolondo babonakalisa eziningi air kuphangwa, wadutshulwa phansi 13 izindiza futhi inani elikhulu abalimala.

izintaba Main "Gangut" ( "Okthoba Revolution")

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi imikhumbi eyethusayo ibutho lethu hhayi kanye phakathi nezimpi zezwe ezimbili - lokuqala nelesibili - is hhayi bahlangana impi ne yempi isitha. Le mpi kuphela owawuse "Sevastopol 'namanje e kulwiwa, lapho umkhumbi esakhiwe e umchithi" Azard "dudula kuhlasela kakhulu ngendlela abachithi eziyisikhombisa British.

Ngokuvamile, "Hanko" wavakashela imikhankaso emithathu wezempi aseBaltic, lapho enikeziwe okwami-kubekwa, kwalandela iRed Army, wathola igama elisha, futhi kwahlanganiswa Baltic Sea amabutho asolwandle. Battleship nengxenye iMpi Yezwe LaseSoviet-Finnish ukwesekela umlilo ngoba amasosha emhlabathini. Umsebenzi esinzima kunazo kwaba yempi Leningrad ukuzivikela.

Ngo-1941, 27 Septhemba, ngesikhathi umkhumbi hit ibhomu enesisindo 500 kg, okuyinto wafohla emphemeni, ngadabula umbhoshongo.

"Arkhangelsk"

Akuwona wonke yempi yase-USSR ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili babedabuka enkonzweni wezwe lakithi. Ngakho, yempi "Arkhangelsk" ekuqaleni bekuyingxenye ngoxhaxha asolwandle Great Britain, bese wadluliselwa eSoviet Union. Kuyinto ephawulekayo, kodwa umkhumbi aguqulwa US, ifakwe yesimanje radar izinhlelo zonke izinhlobo izikhali. Yingakho "Arkhangelsk" yaziwa nangokuthi i-HMS Royal EnguMbusi.

Eminyakeni interwar, yempi ukuthi olwesimanje izikhathi eziningana, futhi sina. Futhi izinguquko ngokuyinhloko retrofitting izibhamu. Ukuze neMpi Yezwe II yempi ukuthi kwaba kakade esiphelelwe isikhathi, kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, namanje wawuhlanganisiwe ngoxhaxha lizwe. Kodwa indima yakhe kwakungethusi angamaqhawe njengoba omunye yempi: "Arkhangelsk" ikakhulukazi wema ngasogwini we Kola Bay, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola umlilo okuhlaselayo we amabutho aseSoviet kuhlengwe amaJalimane waklebhula. Ngo-January 1949, umkhumbi yanikwa UK.

Projects yempi USSR

Zempi zase-USSR, amaphrojekthi okuyinto zenzelwe ezihlukahlukene onjiniyela, bebelokhu kubhekwa phakathi okunokwethenjelwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, iphrojekthi unjiniyela Bubnov sverhdrednouta ezihlongozwayo, eye yabakhanga kwenaba imininingwane, amandla wezikhali, travel ngesivinini kanye ezingeni ezanele ukubhuka. Design kwaqala ngo-1914, umsebenzi oyinhloko onjiniyela kwaba ukubeka ezintathu chetyrehorudiynye umbhoshongo icala elincane, okuyinto kwakungenele izikhali ezinjalo. Kwatholakala ukuthi umkhumbi wahlala kulesi simo ngaphandle okunokwethenjelwa anti-torpedo ukuzivikela. Amathuluzi main izikhali kulomkhumbi kwakuyilawa:

• main zempi ibhande, ezisabalele ukuba 2/3 ubude isitsha;
• ukubhuka ovundlile ku amazinga amane;
• kwemibhoshongo isiyingi ncwadi;
• 12 izibhamu kwemibhoshongo nasezingosini 24 ami osezingeni nezibhamu yayiseKhesariya casemates.

Ochwepheshe bathi yempi - esinamandla ukulwa iyunithi, okuyinto, uma kulinganiswa nokwenu angaphandle analogue ukwaze ukuthuthukisa ijubane 25 ifindo. Nokho, ukubhuka Bezingekho kakade ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, futhi sesimanje izitsha awuzange kuhlelwe ...

Project unjiniyela Kostenko

yempi esiphelele Russia neSoviet Union ngokuphindaphindiwe yasizwa amasosha aseSoviet. Enye intuthuko kwaba umkhumbi Kostenko, obhekwa yakamuva. Timphawu zibandakanya izici nokunomsoco izikhali, ngejubane elikhulu futhi incwadi eliphezulu. Iphrojekthi esekelwe Anglo-German isipiliyoni Battle of Jutland, ngakho unjiniyela wenqaba nomkhawulo ngaphambi imishini wezikhali lwemikhumbi. Kodwa kwagxilwa ekutheni ngokulingene izivikelo zomzimba futhi ukuhamba.

Lokhu umkhumbi lwenzelwe kakhulu ezinguqulweni ezine, okwathi kamuva laba kube esheshayo kuba ukhetho lokuqala. Njengoba of version Bubnov, yempi ibe ukulwa zone ezinkulu, okuyinto kwahambisana ngumuntu bulkhead amapuleti amabili. incwadi ovundlile wathinta onezitezi eziningana, okuyinto ngokwayo usebenze njengomahluleli zempi Ukugaya. Ukubhukha lwenziwa umbhoshongo, ukusika, isitsha isiyingi, ngaphezu kwalokho, iwashi unjiniyela ukuze torpedo ukuzivikela, okuyinto yempi ngaphambili uvele ngesimo bulkhead elula longitudinal.

Njengoba aphakanyisiwe usebenzisa izikhali unjiniyela nokobana main osezingeni izibhamu 406 mm 130 mm. Eyokuqala itholakala umbhoshongo, esihlinzeka ezahlukene ezinhle umlilo. Projects umkhumbi, njengoba sekushiwo, zazihlukile, ezathonya inombolo kwezibhamu.

Project engineer Gavrilova

Gavrilov ahlinzekwa ukwakha enamandla kakhulu, okubizwa ngokuthi yempi abekelwe emaceleni USSR. Photo ebonisa ukuthi onobuhle abanjalo babehamba yayincane, kodwa izici lobuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenza Zaziphumelela ngaphezulu. Ngokwe umqondo jikelele, Battleship emelelwa nokukhawulela umkhumbi kabani Ukucaciswa kwasala kancane ezingeni nefinyelelekayo. Le phrojekthi wakucabangela kuphela enamandla kakhulu izikhali ongakhetha:

• 16 osezingeni izibhamu main 406 mm emibhoshongweni ezine;
• 24 izingcezu 152 mm ubukhulu casemates okwami.

izikhali ezinjalo kuba ngempela uhambisane nomqondo shipbuilding Russian lapho kuphawulwe inhlanganisela ngokumangalisayo esiphezulu kungenzeka wezikhali ukugcwaliswa ngesilinganiso okusezingeni eliphezulu uma ukubhuka umonakalo. Kuyinto, ngasendleleni, yayingeyinhle kweziningi yempi Soviet. Kodwa isimiso sokutshuza womkhumbi wayengomunye walaba enamandla kakhulu, ngoba wesenzo yayisekelwe abaphehla ugesi, transformers.

imishini Izici

Zempi wase-USSR ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili (isithombe kuqinisekisa amandla abo), ngokuvumelana amaphrojekthi Gavrilova ahlome eziphambili kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi izinhlelo. Njengomhlaba onjiniyela langaphambilini, wakhokha ukunakekela yokubhuka, ukubhuka kwaba ukujiya kancane mkhulu. Kodwa ochwepheshe waveza nokuthi ngisho ne wezikhali enamandla, okusezingeni eliphezulu travel ngesivinini futhi ubukhulu omkhulu lokhu yempi kungaba ngempela sengozini lapho sizohlangana isitha.

Imiphumela

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili kwaba igxathu eziqondile hlola isimo yempi baseSoviet ukuthi abenze noma ukutholakala. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, impi imikhumbi yayingawulungele force obhubhisayo amandla amabhomu e-athomu kanye izikhali ngokunembile eqondiswa. Ngakho-ke closer phetho imikhumbi impi komugqa ayibange isaba namandla ukulwa force, kanye nokuthuthukiswa izindiza yenethiwekhi ezisekelwe azizange zikhishwe ukunakwa kakhulu. Stalin isiyalele yempi ayifakiwe izinhlelo shipbuilding asolwandle ngoba abazange nezidingo isikhathi.

Ngenxa yalokho, imikhumbi akhona ngomkhumbi onjalo ahoxiswa, njengoba "Okthoba Revolution" no- "Paris isigodi", abanye beye lalibekwe zigciniwe. Ngemva kwalokho, Khrushchev kwesokunxele enkonzweni yezwe nje esindayo wezikhali imikhumbi ezimbalwa, ucabangela ukusebenza bawo empini. Futhi ngo-October 29, 1955 e North Bay of Sevastopol yacwila Flagship Sea imikhumbi - zinyanga yempi namaSoviet "Novorossiysk". Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, izwe lethu ngithi goodbye kuya umcabango wokuba ingxenye iviyo lalo lemikhumbi yempi ka yempi.