Zefilosofi isihloko lyric Tyutchev ukuhlaziywa. F. I. Tyutchev: zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo

I ifa bokubeka Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev incane: kuba kuphela izincwadi ezimbalwa futhi mayelana 50 250 izinguqulo nemisebenzi yokuqala zezinkondlo, abaningana zazo kuhlulekile. Kodwa ezinye indalo lo mbhali ayigugu zezinkondlo kweqiniso. Zefilosofi imvelo izinkondlo Tiutchev kunomthelela yokuthi isithakazelo emsebenzini wakhe zingancishiswa, ngoba kuthinta izindikimba okuphakade. Lezi zinkondlo zikhuluma, futhi kuze kube namuhla esiyingqayizivele namandla yokucabanga ukujula, engabhubhiyo ngakho.

Tiutchev, zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo kulesi sihloko, njengoba imbongi isungule emhlabeni ithuba lika 1820-1830 sika. Kule nkathi yobuciko yobuciko bakhe: "Summer Evening", "Insomnia", "inhlekelele yendalo yonke eseduze Kugcine", "umbono", "Cicero", "Autumn Evening", "spring amanzi" nabanye.

izici Jikelele zezinkondlo

Benamandla ukucabanga okukhulu futhi unothando ngesikhathi esifanayo umqondo acute yenhlekelele yokuphila, izinkondlo Tiutchev obonakaliswe Inkulumo kwezobuciko zonke kuwukuphikisana nokuba yinkimbinkimbi ngokoqobo. imibono yakhe zefilosofi kwamiswa bedle ukubukwa yemvelo-yefilosofi Schelling. Esihlatshelelwayo Fedor elifakwe ukukhathazeka. Imvelo, indoda, izwe livela ngemisebenzi yakhe i Ukungqubuzana amabutho ehlukene ephikisayo okuphakade. Man ngokwemvelo sibheke "ukungalingani", "esingenathemba" lokulwa 'eyenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba' bahlushwa ukhanda, nokuphila ngokwako. Ikakhulukazi, imbongi wakhangwa isithombe iziphepho futhi Izivunguvungu komphefumulo womuntu kanye nezwe. Landscape izithombe izinkondlo zakhe kamuva zipendwe ngemibala kazwelonke isiRashiya, ngokungafani okudaliwe ngaphambili.

Izici zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo

Bekanye E. A. Baratynskim F. I. Tyutchev - nomele abavelele zezinkondlo zefilosofi ezweni lethu ekhulwini le-19. indlela yakhe kwezobuciko ibonisa sici izinkondlo ukunyakaza isikhathi kusuka romanticism ukuze okwangempela. Fedor ithalente, imbongi owaphenduka ngokulangazela emabuthweni kunezinxushunxushu wokuphila, kwaba uqobo into yemvelo. Zefilosofi izinkondlo Tiutchev kokuqukethwe yayo ngemibono libhekene ukwehluka ngisho ukujula okukhulu. indawo Kugcine kulokhu kuthatha ngesisusa kobubele, okuyinto ingatholakala izinkondlo ezifana "Woza, Nkosi, injabulo yami" kanye "Nezinyembezi womuntu."

Ohlukile izinkondlo Tiutchev sika

Beka amakhono lolwazi imikhawulo womuntu, ukulinganiselwa bolwazi lwabantu, incazelo yemvelo, uhlangane nalo, ukuqashelwa dreary nomnene ukulinganiselwa lothando - lawa izizathu eyinhloko yefilosofi izinkondlo Tiutchev. Enye indaba ephathwayo - isihloko primordial ezingaqondakali futhi esingalawuleki zonke izinto eziphilayo.

Tiutchev, zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo okuyinto ithakazelisa kakhulu, ngempela imbongi ezihlukile yokuqala, uma hhayi kuphela kulo lonke izincwadi. Lokhu kuthinta zonke of kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona zezinkondlo zakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, enkondlweni "O lesiprofetho umphefumulo wami," "O Holy Night", "Night Sky", "Ubusuku Voices", "Madness", "Imini Nobusuku" nabanye bahlukile zazo nefilosofi esankondlo kungamboza ububi yemvelo, isiphithiphithi ubuhlanya. Futhi Echoes of uthando, futhi uchaze isimo benamandla engqondweni lo mbhali ukuthi emva konke lokhu kufihliwe imfihlakalo, idwala, scary, imvelo ezimbi. Ngakho-ke umcabango yefilosofi Fedor njalo eligcwele ukudangala, ukuhlonishwa idwala, ukukuqaphela ukulinganiselwa zayo.

Periodization lokusungula Fedora Ivanovicha Tyutcheva

Isifundo "zefilosofi izinkondlo Tiutchev" esikoleni ngokuvamile iqala nge periodization yomsebenzi wakhe. Ukukhuluma ngakho, izigaba ezilandelayo ekuthuthukiseni izinkondlo of umlobi.

Inkathi 1st - iminyaka engu-20. Le nkathi kokuqala. Poems of Fyodor Ivanovich ngalesi sikhathi ngokuyinhloko zokucabangela, ngaphandle kokubonisana nomkayo. Nokho, kakade eminyakeni 1820, izinkondlo of umbhali kancane kancane kwakwande umcabango yefilosofi. Isihloko esikhulu: ukuhlanganisa konke ndawonye - bese ifilosofi imvelo nothando.

2nd isikhathi - iminyaka 30-40. Ngalesi sikhathi, Fedor iqhubeka imbongi wacabanga. Izihloko bemvelo nothando esasebenza emsebenzini wakhe, kodwa izisusa okuphazamisayo uzwakale. Basuke uzwakalise ngemibala ehlukene kanye nangezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njenge ezinkondlweni ngesihloko esithi yokugogobala ( "Kusukela ekupheleni ekupheleni ..." njll).

3rd isikhathi - iminyaka 1850-1860. Kukhona ushona ukukhathazeka izisusa ezingamabhande ezikhula zibe nombono ongafani ngeke ungenathemba futhi wempilo ofiphele.

Tiutchev, zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo eye enamandla kakhulu, waqaphela ukuthi kwabaningi ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe, ungalokothi ekhathalele, ukushicilela imisebenzi yabo. Iqembu lokuqala elikhulu ngemisebenzi yakhe yanyatheliswa ngosizo I. S. gagarina e "Contemporary" Pushkin kule minyaka 1836-37. Ngakusasa ukushicilelwa ezinkulu nayo ehlangene "Contemporary", kwaba ngo-1854, walungisa ukukhululwa kwe I. S. Turgenev. 1868 - the last edition sonke isikhathi sokusebenza imisebenzi. Nalapha futhi, Tiutchev esuswa ekuwulungiseleleni, sikhulumela indodana yakhe I. S. Aksakov.

Imvelo nakuba zobuntu futhi lokusungula Tiutchev

Lo mlobi neze akuloba izinhlobo lapho abalobi wadala imisebenzi yabo ngesikhathi sakhe. Wayethanda temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba ezingaphezu kuka izinkondlo. Fedor ekuseni baziswa Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, Turgenev kwaba fan.

Abacwaningi abaningi kukhona zefilosofi izinkondlo Tiutchev. Okubhaliwe ngalesi sihloko idale, isibonelo, F. izimpande. Encwadini "Tiutchev. Imbongi-sefilosofi" ngokuthatha izitatimende incwadi Fedor futhi ukwakha isimiso imibono yakhe. Kodwa ngoba amarekhodi efanayo ingabuye itholakale kanye nezinye imicabango yabantu iphambene. Abantu ababengazi eduze Tiutchev sika kuhle, saphawula ukuthi leli gama Kwabenza besambathekile (Ulwesithathu izitatimende I. S. Aksakova, imbongi nomalokazana, futhi indodakazi ka-Anna izinhlamvu). Personality Fedor libhekene webumbacambili: yena esifisa ukuba ngomunye, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo asaba ke. Iveza ubunjalo umbhali, ikakhulukazi zefilosofi isihloko kanye isosha esihlatshelelwayo Tiutchev.

Ithonya imvelo ngomsuka kanye isosha esihlatshelelwayo Tiutchev

Fyodor Ivanovich wazalelwa Ovstug izindlu ise Bryansk wesifunda, emkhayeni wabantu nesizotha izindlela abazali. Ngo emzini wabazali bakhe babekhuluma isiFulentshi. unina imbongi kakhulu inkolo, ngakho ngokushesha wafunda inkulumo zakudala. Ezemfundo imbongi esizayo eyayiholwa S. E. Raicha eMoscow. Wayeyisibonelo profesa imbongi Okuqukethwe akuzwakali, emnyango eMoscow iqembu olusankondlo: Bura, Merzlyakov, Milon. Basuke kubhekwe imbongi ekahle, isazi, futhi isosha esihlatshelelwayo Ngokombono wabo - it is kuphela isithelo umsebenzi onzima.

Fedor waqala ukubhala izinkondlo kusesenesikhathi. Early okudaliwe imbongi wadala eMunich. Wazithuma Russia, futhi kwanyatheliswa anthologies enyatheliswa Raich. Qamba Tiutchev ngenkathi flits phakathi izimbongi ezincane.

Tiutchev indawo inqubo tetemibhalo

Fedor kufana ngaphandle kwezincwadi, ngoba wayevela iyiphi emakamu tetemibhalo, angizange iqhaza mpikiswano.

Karamzin inkathi ukuphikiswa kuye phambili okulandelayo: imbongi amateur - imbongi-isazi. It Tiutchev kwakungekaNkulunkulu kunalokho ngezokuqala. '

Ngokungafani nalabo abamele umbuthano eMoscow, imbongi amateur usephila impilo wodwa kanjani, he is a ubuvila, i ignoramus, izazi, akufanele ukukhonza umuntu. "Nevilaphayo" - ayonquma isiko yomuntu kulungiselelwa isimiso emisha zokudala.

Fedor ngokuvamile kuhlangene nezinye imbongi Russian - Afanasiem Afanasevichem Fetom. Futhi akwenzekanga ngephutha. Zefilosofi Fet lyric futhi Tyutchev Kuningi ukufana okukhona phakathi. Athanasius Afanasievich - Impressionist, nezwe lakhe - ezweni yokuvela ngokushesha: inuka, umsindo, imibala, ukukhanya, ukukhanya kolunye, e linomqondo wokuba. Tiutchev futhi ngokuvamile kuhlobene nezinga Baratynsky ngenxa ukusebenza izifundo (zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo), kodwa izwe kwakhe uzibophezele ubunjalo, terminologichnosti, okuyinto akulona Fedor Ivanovich.

izwe Tiutchev sika

Obe ngusiphi sitfombe isamba Tiutchev emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi owenziwa Diaries, izincwadi, noma ukuhlaziya ifa layo kwezobuciko, kunemibandela. Fedor idinga uhlelo ukuhambisa kude naye. Horizons lokwanuleka isosha esihlatshelelwayo yakhe kwelivi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukubukwa amaningi.

Ngokusho Tynianov, lo mbhali kwaba imbongi ifomu iDemo, ngokungafani ababengaphambi zabo, othisha (Trediakovskii, Bobrov). Eqinisweni, Fedor kuthatha isiko European yokubhala izinkondlo iDemo ngokukhetha futhi kancane, ngokuyinhloko waliguqula.

Centre sengqondo imbongi iyona umuzwa wokuba khona / non-khona. Futhi ivesi, bese emibhalweni Fyodor Ivanovich ngokuphindaphindiwe wabuyela impikiswano fragility zokuphila. Art uhlelo kusekelwe imbongi uqhathanisa ukuba khona / ukungabikho ngokoqobo / okungokoqobo isikhala / isikhathi.

Njengoba sesiphawulile, Tiutchev owesaba zokuhlukana. Uyakuzonda isikhala, ethi "idla kithi." Yingakho imbongi ngokufudumele yemukela ojantshi, kukhona abawinile isikhala ngoba.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ziningi izinkondlo Tiutchev sika isikhala ozinikele. Omunye wabo - "Endleleni", wadala ngo-1859. Kulesi umsebenzi, imbongi samanje ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi bomele ukuphila, futhi umuzwa fragility yayo, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi - umqondo wokubhujiswa. Tiutchev, zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo akulula akazange abe nomuzwa wokuthi uphila ngempela. Fedor eqhathanisa ubuntu bakhe endlini, ogama amafasitela ezigcotshwe wokulinganisa.

Ngakho-ke,, lo mbhali - ngesisekelo konke. Kodwa kubalulekile kuleli cala esinye isici khona, okuphambene layo - kokubhubhisa ngokwabo ekubhujisweni (uthando, ezifana ukuzibulala). Kulokhu kuba inkondlo ezithakazelisayo "Twins", emgqeni wokugcina lapho - "! Ukuzibulala nothando" - esihlanganisa le miqondo emibili ku ebumbene.

Ezweni Tiutchev kubalulekile ukuba imingcele: umugqa, emgqeni dudula, futhi bahlele. Umqondo ukubhujiswa njengoba eyisihluthulelo uhlele yonke "denisevsky" umjikelezo, kuxhumene uthando nefilosofi izinkondlo Tiutchev.

Umqondo "ukufa" ngoba imbongi kuyinto enezici kakhulu. imvumelwano layo langaphakathi uthando Tiutchev. Zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo, inkondlo, eyakhelwe Ngokuphambene, ngokukhethekile, kuyinto umhlaba wonke. Izwe imingcele, udlulela. Omunye esigaba ihlanganisa kokubili ukukhanya nasethunzini. Lena ejwayelekile, isibonelo, ukuze kuqale le nkondlo "Spring Water". Lithi emasimini namanje iqhwa, kodwa amanzi ezinomsindo kakade.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, LV Pumplyansky Tiutchev kubhekwe bodlerizma ummeleli. I ubuhle yobuhle nkondlo ukufa okubonisa "Mal'aria" (ukuhumusha - "okunobuthi emoyeni"). Uhlelo kwalo mkhiqizo iqukethe engemihle futhi omuhle: nomhlaba omuhle (amakha rose, tinkling ukusakaza, ecacile isibhakabhaka) - kokubili ezweni nokufa.

Tiutchev sokuba khona - kuyinto engokoqobo lungolomzuzwana ngokushesha, okuyinto umelana ekubhujisweni. Kuyinto kulo mqondo, isezingeni isigxobo okuphambene welithi "isikhathi" njengoba zonke esidlule - konke efile. Kodwa kukhona amandla akhethekile - kumemori (akukho ngozi izinkondlo eziningi kangaka abazinikezele kuye). izinkondlo zefilosofi emisebenzini Tyutchev ngokucacile kakhulu eba le timu.

I motif imemori ngokungu Tyutchev lyric

Ukuze imemori kwesimo sengqondo imbongi okubuhlungu, esibonakala by ezihlukahlukene zenziwe: "Khumbula" "Khumbula"! kanye nabanye. Kungaba avuselele esidlule, kodwa lesi akubi yangempela. Ezincwadini ukuba imbongi likhuluma kaningi ukuthi akathandi ukukhumbula, ngoba enomuzwa wokuthi lo imemori yangempela. Lapho ebuya eJalimane eRussia emva engamashumi amabili bengibonisa, wahlangana abangane bakhe abadala, futhi kusuke kuyisizathu ukushayisana yolwazi kanye nezinhliziyo ezichichima izinkumbulo zazibuhlungu ukuba imbongi.

Tiutchev inkumbulo izwe double wesabeka futhi olusankondlo ngesikhathi esifanayo (njengoba real esikhathini esidlule akunjalo yangempela okwamanje).

Into noma kunjalo, wezwa ngokucace kakhudlwana bubula, isikhathi nokububula. Thanda ukuphila, ukufa ageleza. Okwamanje, iyashesha ukuthinteka, futhi akukho esidlule, ngoba - kuphela isithunzi. Kodwa ngisho nanamuhla kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha liyisithunzi esidlule. Ngakho-ke, iphenduka ibe isithunzi kwangempela. UMuntu ngeke kube khona kungekho ithunzi, wathi Tiutchev. Zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo, izinkondlo esizinikezele ukuba (ngokukhethekile, "inhlekelele yendalo yonke eseduze Kugcine") - lokhu luyisisusa esibaluleke kunazo zonke ekuphileni nasekufeni, hhayi abantu kuphela, kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke. Tiutchev iqagula ukuthi ngelinye ilanga uyoba ukuphela imvelo, izwe ikhava amanzi, elibonisa "ubuso bukaNkulunkulu."

Isikhala landscape e imbongi

Eceleni isikhathi Fedor Ivanovich kukhona isikhala, kodwa - lesi yisikhathi ngomqondo ngekwendzawo. Lona nje ukusikwa njalo nokudlondlobala. Kunenye - yasekhaya (emile). Kumele sinqobe njengoba ezimbi, anti-womuntu, wathi Tiutchev. Zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo ihlaziya Isikhala ngakolunye uhlangothi. Phezulu infinity njalo omuhle esikalini. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - mkhuba phansi, njengoba kukhona - the infinity ukujula.

Landscape kanye izinkondlo zefilosofi Tiutchev has izici zayo siqu. Ukubukeka kwale imbongi kusobala abaphikisa izintaba namathafa. isikhala Flat scary futhi sesabeka. Poet ujabule ukuthi kukhona intaba emhlabeni ( "Endleleni"), isihloko musicality yabo akaconsi ku landscape lembhali.

Motif e umgwaqo usebenza Fedora Ivanovicha Tyutcheva

Zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo F. I. Tyutcheva kuhlanganisa lokhu motif. Enkondlweni "The Wanderer" umgwaqo livela, hhayi ehilela emsebenzini wakhe "Ngiyayithanda Izikhungo LamaLuthela" siyachazwa nomunye isikhashana: ekutholeni iphuzu elithile komgwaqo nguye kuphela.

Tiutchev zonke izinhlobo emihlanganweni, aphoyintimenti - lena ukuphila, futhi behlukanisiwe - ukufa. Road limelela ukunakekelwa. Nakuba yena uxhuma akulezi zindawo ezimbili, kodwa okuhlukana lokuqala ngakho okhethwe okungekuhle.

uhlelo zefilosofi emisebenzini Tyutchev

Njengoba ubona, izwe Tiutchev sika kubenzima. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukwenza kube ozenzekelayo. Kunalokho, kusekelwe ubunye ezijulile semantic, kuqondwe njengelakhiwe inyunyana nokwehluka. Lokhu kubonakala emisebenzini eminingi. Ngokwesibonelo, enkondlweni "The Wanderer" kukhona abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye connectedness (eseyitholile kanye Zeus) futhi ubunye ukwehluka. Umhlaba, ukuthuthela isihambi, ungokoqobo ngoba uZeyusi. Kuyinto ecebile ukwehluka futhi imele ubunye compounds lapho ukuqhathanisa ezakha linye. Kwezinye amanye amavesi, Nokho, nokuhlanganiswa Kulinganiselwa negative, has izimpawu ukutjhatjalaliswa izwe elifile. Yini-ke umele ukugcwala, ukujula, ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho nokubhubhisa.

Ngakho, zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo F. I. Tyutcheva ungachazwa ukuthi amazwi eyisiqalo ukuhlolwa ngezinye izikhathi obuhlukile futhi engasho lutho. Ngayinye nemicabango yokuthoma eqakathekileko kule imbongi has asho izinto eziningana. Noma yimuphi umsebenzi Fyodor Ivanovich Yakhiwa njengoba imicabango ukuhwalala, hhayi ukuhlanzwa. Umqondo kungasho kokubili ukufa nokuphila.

isiprofetho

Isihloko sithi isiprofetho ebalulekile emsebenzini Tiutchev sika. Kodwa-ke kwembulwa ngendlela ekhethekile. Kodwa lokhu akulona isibikezelo Pushkin noma umboni waseBhayibhelini - isiprofetho we Pythia. Phakathi kwakhe nabantu kufanele kube umlamuleli, ngamanye amazwi umpristi. Ngakho-ke kuthatha isikhundla ngokuhambisa; yena umpristi, Pythia. ngezinye izikhathi Tiutchev unika iziprofetho zika incazelo, kodwa, efana sabapristi, hhayi edidayo, bengayiqondi ngokugcwele. Umfundi kufanele ucabange ngokuzimela, ukuze ahumushe (njengoba nasendulo).

Ukuthula Izinkondlo

Fedora Ivanovicha Mir - imfihlakalo kanye izinkondlo - uyimfihlakalo double. Kuyinto abanesono, ngenxa yokuthi, ngokusho umbhali, kabili ezweni nesono. Indida zingaxazululwa, kodwa kumele usazokwazi ukwenza. Ukugcwaliseka kwazo imbongi - iyona isibonakaliso (ie oyingqayizivele ngokuhunyushwa), hhayi izinhlamvu (multi-value). Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuphawulwe the kaningi amagugu. Tiutchev izitshela ukuthi izwe ngokwalo has imfihlakalo, linencazelo, inani. ebuzwa Umhlaba umuntu. Kodwa ngubani? Thatha Tiutchev inkondlo "Akukhona ukuthi crease wena, nemvelo ...". Omunye angabona ukuthi ngokwemvelo kukhona umuzwa. Izwe ukhuluma nathi, kodwa hhayi wonke angezwa kahle ezindlebeni. Genesise - Izwi elikhulunywe othile othile. Futhi abantu abakwazi ukuqonda lolu limi wasezulwini, futhi ukuhlala abayizithulu (. "Nature - Sphinx ...", ebhalwe ngo-1869, futhi abanye).

Zefilosofi izinkondlo Tiutchev ukuthi kafushane sibuyekezwe kulesi sihloko. Lapho ebhalela ke yasetshenziswa kokuma Yuriya Lotmana - eyaziwa umhlaziyi etemibhalo. Ungakwazi ubheke nemisebenzi yakhe futhi ukwelekelela ulwazi lwabo, futhi baphawula ezinye nezinye izici izinkondlo zefilosofi Tiutchev, hhayi okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko. Ungasebenzisa eminye imithombo lapho kutadishwa lokusungula Fedor, ezifana incwadi Irina Ilinichny Kovtunova "Tindzaba ku izimbongi isiRashiya", lapho ungathola ngesahluko lokusungula Tiutchev. Noma ubheke eshicilelwe ngo-1962 incwadi "Ungenzele ukuphila nomusa Umsebenzi Tiutchev", ebhalwe Kirill Vasilyevich Pigareva. Siye sazama, nakuba kafushane kodwa ngamafuphi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze azenze zikhanye ngesihloko inikezwe.