Namaqiniso ezincwadini kanye nezici zayo

Namaqiniso ezincwadini - lo mkhuba, isici esiyinhloko okuyinto ekhombisa olunembile ngokoqobo kanye nezici zayo ejwayelekile ngaphandle ukuhlanekezela noma ihaba. Lokhu mkhuba etemibhalo esavela ekhulwini XIX, futhi abalandeli bayo ngokunamandla ngokumelene amafomu eyinkimbinkimbi wezinkondlo ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini ehlukahlukene imiqondo engaqondakali.

izimpawu isiqondiso

Namaqiniso ezincwadini kwekhulu le-19 ungabahlukanisa izimpawu ezicacile. Lowo oyinhloko kuyinto ekhombisa bokubeka ngokoqobo ezithombeni ajwayelekile ukuze ongelutho, yena uhlangabezana njalo empilweni yangempela. Iqiniso emisebenzini kubhekwe njengendlela yokuthola Ulwazi lomuntu wonke futhi yena, futhi umfanekiso umlingisi ngamunye etemibhalo saveza ukuze abone ukuthi izinto zase umfundi ngokwayo, isihlobo, osebenza naye noma umngane.

Ezincwadini izindaba umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela art ukuphila evuma, ngisho noma ngesakhiwo libhekene impi ebanga usizi. Esinye isici lolu hlobo kuba nokuthambekela kwezinhliziyo abalobi ukucabangela imvelo yabo ekuthuthukisweni yayo, ne umlobi ngamunye sizama ukuthola ukuvela ubudlelwane entsha ngokwengqondo, yezenhlalo zomphakathi.

Izici bale nhlangano etemibhalo

Namaqiniso ezincwadini, esikhundleni romanticism, sinezici ubuciko, ngifuna iqiniso nokuthola ke sifuna uguqule ngokoqobo.

izinhlamvu Literary ngemisebenzi umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela abalobi elathola lolu daba ngemuva izizindlo amaphupho eside futhi, ngemva ukuhlaziya bezibona subjective zomhlaba. Lesi sici, okuyinto bungabonakala bezibona kombhali isikhathi, ukubonakala izici izincwadi ongokoqobo ngokulinganiselwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kusukela zabuna bendabuko Russian.

okwangempela   XIX leminyaka

abameleli okunjalo okwangempela ezincwadini njengoba Balzac futhi Stendhal, Thackeray futhi Dickens, Jordi ngehlabathi Viktor Gyugo, emisebenzini yakhe kwembula ngokucacile kakhulu isihloko okuhle nokubi, futhi ugweme imiqondo abstract futhi ubonise ukuphila kwangempela babantu besikhathi sakhe. Laba balobi ezikwenza ucacelwe abafundi ukuthi okubi kuyindlela yokuphila esakhiweni somphakathi wonxiwankulu, empeleni i-capitalism, ukuthembela kwabantu phezu ezibonakalayo ezenziwa ngokungakhathali ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, enovelini Dickens 'Dombey neNdodana' Umnikazi wesikhwama wahlabeka nabangenaluthando, angabi naluzwela hhayi imvelo. izimfanelo ezinjalo nje yaba ngenxa yemali enkulu futhi ukuvelela yomnikazi, okufezwayo zawo ezinkulu ekuphileni sikhula inzuzo.

Namaqiniso ezincwadini bancishwa amahlaya kanye ukubhuqa izithombe abalingiswa Akasekho ekahle yomlobi futhi musa ihlanganise amaphupho zakhe zigcwaliseke. Kusukela imisebenzi kwekhulu XIX-th, cishe wanyamalala iqhawe obubusa isithombe ubheka umlobi. Lesi simo ngokucacile kakhulu kubonakala ngemisebenzi Gogol futhi laseChekhov.

Nokho, kusobala ukuthi iningi lo mkhuba etemibhalo kubonakala ngemisebenzi UTolstoy futhi Dostoevsky, echaza umhlaba njengoba they bheka it. Lokhu lwaboniswa ngendlela izinhlamvu namandla nobuthakathaka babo, echaza ngobuhlungu engqondo heroes tetemibhalo, ekhumbuza abafundi amaqiniso abuhlungu, ukushintsha ukuthi umuntu oyedwa akunakwenzeka.

Njengoba umthetho, okwangempela ezincwadini kanye abathintekayo isiphetho abameleli yezikhulu isiRashiya, okungase liyokwahlulelwa umsebenzi I. A. Goncharova. Ngakho, izinhlamvu amaqhawe ngemisebenzi yakhe ukuhlala impikiswano. Oblomov ungumuntu engagwegwesi futhi emnene, kodwa ngenxa passivity yakhe, akakwazi ukuba bashintshe ukuphila kube ngcono. Lezi zimfanelo unenye uhlamvu ezincwadini Russian - nginenhliziyo kodwa onesiphiwo Boris Raysky. Goncharov wakwazi ukwakha umfanekiso "anti-iqhawe", okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo ekhulwini XIX, eye obonwa baxgeki. Ngenxa yalokho, lo mqondo "Oblomovism" osebenza ku zonke izinhlamvu yokwenziwa, isici esiyinhloko okuyinto ubuvila nokunganaki.