Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenzisa

Sebenza wonke amadivayisi Computing akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokulawula izinhlelo. Lezi nhlelo. Kuyini i-computer? Lena kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa inqwaba ezahlukene amayunithi ezikhethekile ISIZINDA, ngokuthi izingxenye. Ngokwesibonelo, amandla supply oguqula AC amapayipi voltage ka 220 volts e inombolo constants ezidingekile operation yezingxenye; ihluzo ikhadi IZINHLELO izithombe futhi ubonisa kubo esikrinini qapha; CPU izibalo abathintekayo nokunye. Ngamanye amazwi, uhlelo lwe-computer kuyinto iqoqo izingxenye hardware, bafakwe idivayisi olulodwa. Ukuze ididiyele umsebenzi wonke amayunithi, isistimu yokusebenza idinga. Iphuzu elibalulekile: somunye wabo (kuncike izwi ubude, kanye nezinye izidingo) ingafakwa kwi computer.

Ukuze lula ukuqonda igama elithi "Uhlelo lokusebenza", ungasebenzisa analogy indoda: ihadiwe computer - lokhu umzimba; ukulawula izinhlelo - a isimiso sezinzwa kanye nobuchopho ne iqoqo ikhaliphe; futhi uhlelo lokusebenza uvezwa imicabango, izinhloso, umbono. Kwakheka yokwehlayo ithimba: umcabango - ikhaliphe - umzimba (isenzo). Yiqiniso, le ncazelo ingase ibe yiqiniso kuphela ukubhuka, kodwa ivumela "phezu iminwe" ukuchaza ukuthi wokusebenza. Eqinisweni, zingabantu uhlobo sesikhashana phakathi izingxenye zohlelo futhi umsebenzisi.

Alukho uhlelo lokusebenza asikwazi ukwenziwa ngaphandle yesistimu yokusebenza. Ngisho ezinsukwini zakuqala kumakhompyutha, lapho i-Windows, i-Linux, umsebenzi Mac OS bekulokhu Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba DOS. By endleleni, lokhu esithi imele Uhlelo lwakwa.

Ngokusho indlela yomsebenzi, zonke izixazululo ezinjalo kungenziwa zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu: sangempela, ne division, imisebenzi batch. Ukuxhumana umsebenzisi kuqala uvunyelwe (noma ezikhumulweni zangaphandle) e inqubo kwenziwa umsebenzi wokubalisisa. Ngakho, umphumela sishintsha. Isikhathi ukwabelana kuhilela ekwenzeni imisebenzi amaningi, kodwa ngokushesha ukushintsha wokugaya phakathi kwabo ukuthi kubanga inkohliso phambili. Ukungenelela ezimbi zingenza nokuhlukileko. Kodwa batch ukucubungula ukwakha uhlu imisebenzi futhi azithumela ukwenza. idatha elungile kungaba kuphela ngezikhathi phakathi amaphakethe.

Noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza inikeza izinhlobo ezintathu ekusebenzisaneni: umsebenzisi nezinhlelo isicelo futhi izingxenye hardware, idatha nokusakazwa phakathi kwabo. Ukuze kube lula umsebenzisi isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza sidaliwe - isethi enembile izithombe, imifanekiso, ukusebenza ukuthi indoda edonsa imiyalo uhlelo (e okuzenzakalelayo "okusobala" Imodi). Zonke izixazululo zanamuhla - okungukuthi ihluzo. Lezi zihlanganisa umndeni we-Windows, i-Linux uhlelo olusebenzisayo Apple. Umsebenzi ngokusebenzisa umugqa wemiyalo manje ngokuvamile adayiswa ibhekwa njengoba. Ukwehluka - amadivayisi ezikhethekile kakhulu.

Njengoba abantu abaningi babengafuni uzibuze ukuthi isebenza kanjani olufakiwe ohlelweni ikhompyutha yokusebenza, ukukhetha senziwa, okokuqala kunakho konke, ngokuba lula kokusebenzisa esibonakalayo. Ihlukile yini kuphela ukubukeka, kodwa futhi ulimi. Ngakho, Russian yesistimu yokusebenza ethandwa kakhudlwana ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union.