Yini egumbini, iziphi imisebenzi yayo futhi indima ethempelini?

Ngo inkulumo komuntu kwanamuhla kabani izahlulelo ezibhekwa isambulo futhi iqiniso ezingeguquleke, uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i egumbini. Le nkulumo lasendulo futhi sihlehlela emuva izinkolelo zasendulo. Ngo animism kwakucatshangwa ukuthi onkulunkulu ukutshela intando yabo ngokusebenzisa amahlamvu rustling of kwesihlahla esingcwele, indiza izinyoni, unyuka indlela umusi iminikelo. izinkolelo kwesikhathi zishintshile kancane. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi iyini intando yonkulunkulu, wayefuna a umhumushi ekhethekile, uhlobo umhumushi. Kubo futhi waba ufakazi usho. Inkolelo yokuthi izwe umoya uku ngokoqobo okufanayo, futhi bambalwa kuphela abantu abakwaziyo ukumuzwa abuye ahumushe lokho uNkulunkulu akushoyo, Kukhona izizwe eziningi. Kodwa ziyini Pythia kanye Sibyl? Phela, nabo basuke, nabo bangakwazi ukubikezela ikusasa, imibuzo abantu adlulisa izimpendulo onkulunkulu.

I etymology kwegama elithi

Impendulo yombuzo lokho egumbini, akufanele ezitholakala nesiLatini, futhi ngesiGreki. Kungaba okungalungile kufakazela ukuthi inkulumo ethi kusho Ophakeme Cultist elula. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi "oro" lihunyushwa lisuselwa Latin ngokuthi "Khulekani," usho - ekuqaleni into ngesiGreki. Yingakho omunye kufanele uqhubeke kusukela izwi «oραo», okusho "Ngibona kwenkokhelo." Ngalo mqondo, amazwi kwakungafanele eduze abapristi, noma abapristi, kuya Slavic amaMagi völva druids German noma Celtic. Ngokwenkolelo basendulo babengazi, lokhu izwi ngokuthi ngokwayo incazelo yaleli intando yonkulunkulu, futhi indawo engcwele, lapho amukelwa khona. Yiqiniso, Egumbini engumpristi, futhi ekhethekile kuphela. Akagcinanga ahlonishwe ezinye unkulunkulu, kodwa futhi waqonda ulimi wakhe, angase axoxe naye. Ngezinye izikhathi imimoya waprofetha esizayo ngokusebenzisa abanemimoya - pythonesses. Laba besifazane isihlwathi ngaphansi kwethonya intuthu chemical, waqala hhumuza okuthile incoherent. Oracle Pythia ngokuhunyushwa lamagama wanika imibuzo impendulo umuntu oyifunayo.

Umsuka sehlelo

Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi umkhuba ukubikezela ikusasa wafika ezweni lamaGreki e-Asia Minor. E-Asiriya Ancient Egypt (emzini Buto), kwase kukhona izindawo lapho abapristi ekhethekile "akhuluma ngakho ngomlomo yonkulunkulu." EGrisi, njengoba kuleli hlelo exutshwe ekukhulekeleni unkulunkulukazi umhlaba Gaia, futhi egumbini lokuqala kakhulu wamemezela intando yayo Epirus, e Dodona. Ngokusho kobufakazi abadumile mlando esingumGreki sasendulo uHerodotus, hhayi kuphela abantu bakubo kodwa omakhelwane ukuthi ukude siyazi ukuthi usho. Ubhala ukuthi iNkosi Lidii Krez isinqumo ukumemezela uhlobo "ekubunjweni" ngoba umbhuli engcono. UJowabe wathuma izithunywa Delphi ngesiGreki e Aba, e Dodona, e Amphiaraus, Trefoniyu eSamo naseMilethu. Lokhu "Battle of izangoma," won ... Pythia of Delphi. Yena ukuyichaza ukuthi Kroes uya ukupheka ebhodweni iwundlu kanye ufudu.

NeyasePythian Apollo kanye Delphic kwegumbi: kuyini?

Iningi amathempeli zezwe lasendulo abapristi wafunda abathakazelelwayo noma ucasukile wonkulunkulu ngokusebenzisa ukuhumusha izimpawu, bathunyelwa. Lo mkhuba ubizwa ngokuthi Mantica. Ikakhulukazi kwakuvamile eRoma yasendulo. Augurs Ubuke kwendiza ukuziphatha izinyoni, futhi Bachelor ukuqagela izibilini zezilwane ukuthi kwakwenziwa imihlatshelo. Ngo emzini waseGrisi Delphi wayekwenza lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa bahluke. Kukholakala ukuthi le ndawo Apollo sibulewe ngomkhonto inyoka Python. Kusukela igalelo ingcula emhlabathini kwakhiwa Kunegebe kusukela lapho evala liphuma. Kamuva kokwakhiwa kwethempeli ngenhla ke lapho Pythia wayehlezi tripod. Yena sezihogelwa Ukhuphula izinkungu futhi, ukuba bebalekela le-trance, waprofetha intando Apollo. Akukho muntu wangena ekamelweni, ngaphandle umpristi ekhethekile. Lapha kuyacaca ukuthi Egumbini. Izimpendulo waze wanikela iminikelo ngokuletha ethembekileyo, babe ezingacacile futhi ngezinye izikhathi aqukethe ngamazwi ashiwo luphambene. Abavubukuli baye bathola izibhebhe eziningi zobumba ngemibuzo pilgrim. Uhlu ngezihloko kwawuthakazelisa lwalungolukhulu ewumngcingo: ukushintsha ukuba ingabe umfazi / indoda ukuthi angene elilodwa noma kwenye ukuthenga kwemali.

Pythia

Lona wesifazane akanawo ukuba intombi, nje enkonzweni isikhathi Apollo, yena waphoqeleka ukuhlala umsulwa. Ekuqaleni nompristikazi enjalo waprofetha kanye kuphela ngonyaka - ngosuku lwesikhombisa-February. Kodwa kamuva, lapho ayengabi Abuya, ukuthi agqoke elihambayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ethempelini ngesikhathi Delphi abaningi kwakungabantu besifazane ezimbalwa usebenza amashifu. Bona anesikhundla of indawo tripod ngosuku lwesikhombisa lwenyanga ngayinye. Inkazimulo enkulu kunayo yonke yakwa-Delphi ifinyelele BC V leminyaka Ematheksthi of isikhathi washo ngokucacile ukuthi le Egumbini: liyindlu engcwele ka-Apollo emthonjeni Yokuhlakanipha Castalia. By endleleni, le Pythia oluqagelwe kwelanga kule ndawo. Ngo 393, uMbusi uTheodosius, njengomKristu, zayala ukuba kuvalwe inqaba ebuqabeni.

esezosebenza

Abantu kulula, hhayi kokuba imali waya Delphi noma kwezinye izindawo zokubhula, ababikezeli benhlanhla waphendukela - esezosebenza. Owesifazane wokuqala, obani ababefaka igama iThrojani Abesifazane eyindodakazi Nese futhi Dardanus. Yena ephethwe ize presage esizayo. Kulandelwe wakhe noma nabanye abantu bathoma ukubiza abaprofethikazi esezosebenza. base unozwela okwakuseduze enkingeni. Ngakho, esezosebenza labikezela kuqhuma iNtaba iVesuvius wangcwatshwa yasePompeii, futhi wabikezela ukubhujiswa Troy, endaweni empini, umphumela wayo Greece uzolahlekelwa uzibuse. Manje siyazi ukuthi kwegumbi ngobani Pythia, futhi ubani - esezosebenza, ubone umehluko kulezi izinhlobo ezintathu ngemilingo. Pythia waprofetha okuthile ongaqondakali, kwaba mahhala ahumushe Egumbini wezwa akuthandayo, futhi impendulo ukudluliswa ngemibuzo. Esezosebenza wabuye wabonisa iningi nenhlekelele ezethusayo eziseduze, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu wayefuna ukulalela izwi lakhe. Ngoba yikuphi wakhokha: "Suku sondela, futhi uyofa Troy omkhulu!"