Vitebsk esifundeni: nokuzwa, umlando ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Vitebsk esifundeni siyingxenye ye Belarus. isikhungo yayo zokuphatha lingumuzi Vitebsk, eduze yiwo ogelezela emfuleni Zapadnaya Dvina futhi Vitba.

izikhathi principalities

Kusolwa ku Stone Age ensimini ka Vitebsk ndawo ingase akha okhokho bethu lelikhashane kakhulu. Lolu cwaningo ezikhonjwe amasayithi abantu bakudala kuye kwavula bathi basonta Bronze futhi seSimbi.

Esikhathini "Tale of Iminyaka esidlule" emakhasini umlando edumile, yakhiwa e 862, sasibhekisela le ubukhulu ka Polotsk endaweni namuhla Vitebsk. INkosana sokuqala ngqá Iningi sidilizwa iyunithi indawo kuleso sifunda kwaba Prince Rogvolod, futhi indima enikezwa sokuqondisa Polotsk. Namuhla Vitebsk esifundeni, izinto okuyinto thina ukuchaza esihlokweni, kubukeka Yiqiniso, okuhluke kakhulu.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-namakhulu eminyaka XIII-XIV, yaqala inqubo okusheshayo ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo, ngokuya yezohwebo futhi enamasiko amaningi. Kakade ekhulwini XVI. Umkhawulo wabantwana bakwa-zezindela Orthodox namathempeli izikole kuqala wavula. Ngokuvamile, izazi-mlando kakhulu Vitebsk esifundeni - zonke izinto zitholakala lapha, akunakwenzeka ukubona ngosuku olulodwa.

Izigigaba kusukela ngekhulu XVI

Engxenyeni ngekhulu XVI yesibili. e-Europe, ukuthola amandla Polish zoMbuso, okuyinto emva ihlangana ne- Grand Duchy of Lithuania kwakheka Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ukushintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo kwamandla ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII. futhi Vitebsk amazwe, yonke imiphumela. Isikhundla evelele enkolweni yamaKatolika, ukuqinisa ukuthuthukiswa yesonto Dominican, ukusungulwa ongumJesuit College namadlelo sezindela Bernardine. By the way, namuhla zingabantu - the ezikhangayo esemqoka Vitebsk esifundeni.

Ngo-1866, ujantshi legatsha kusukela Eagle ukuba Riga kanye kathi kwale mizi emibili inhlokodolobha Russian Empire, kanye Kiev futhi Brest, kufakwe Ukwakheka yayo Vitebsk. Futhi ngo-1914, Vitebsk - endaweni enkulu kwalowo muzi ngokungquzula umkhakha evuthiwe. Ngaphambi inguquko ka-1917 e-amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene yezimboni edolobheni abaye basebenza cishe 8% of the izakhamuzi 109.000 abahlala kuwo.

Esikhathini kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya-Ephreli 1919 Poland bayisebenzisa kahle le impi yombango ensimini, sembelwa lokulibala, uMbuso isiRashiya, futhi sahlala khona bayincenye yalelive waseBelarus kanye inhlokodolobha samanje Minsk. Nokho, isifundazwe Vitebsk lahlala Russia Soviet.

Modern Vitebsk esifundeni

Vitebsk oblast Ezemfundo uwela phakathi Januwari 1938 A Julayi 11, 1941 ku Vitebsk kwakukhona German amasosha ezitaladini. Phakathi neminyaka yempi amaJalimane cishe waqothula amadolobha amakhulu.

Modern Vitebsk esifundeni idume ezingeni layo eliphezulu ukuthuthukiswa umkhakha nezolimo. Igunya wendawo ikhuthaza imikhosi umculo, eqalwe nezinye izenzakalo yamasiko. Nge isihloko isikhungo lesifunda ixhunyiwe edumile "Slavic Bazaar". Ngakho Vitebsk esifundeni, izinto okuyinto izincwadi esizifundayo, kungase ngokuphepha kubhekwe futhi isikhungo kwamasiko yezwe.

Amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo ezihlobene Vitebsk oblast

Idolobhana owesincane ndawo Disna, esemgwaqweni ku emfuleni igama elifanayo. Kusukela ngo-1921 kuya ku-1939 edolobheni kwakubhekwa njengengxenye kwezintathu yePoland. Futhi kusukela ngo-1959-ke ozuza isimo samanje - Disna (Vitebsk esifundeni). Izikhangibavakashi ke wehlukile ngempela. Izivakashi kufanele uvakashele lapha:

• esibhedlela (ekuqaleni XX e.) - amanxiwa;
• Imigomo ye castle lasendulo (XVI-XVII eminyaka.);
• izindlu "Doroshkovichi";
• Uvuko Church.

Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi ngesisekelo ngesakhiwo inoveli A. S. Pushkina "Dubrovsky" saba isenzakalo esenzeka konke Vitebsk efanayo. Umqondo umlobi odumile Russian futhi imbongi laphefumulelwa umngane wakhe omkhulu Naschokinym P. V Vitebsk Pushkin lapho, ngo-1823, wayalwa ukuba isithenjwa enezinyanga ezingu-13 kuya e-Odessa. Futhi ezinye izinto Vitebsk esifundeni bazinikele kulo mcimbi.

Kuyaziwa, kusukela Paris abe eseqala ukuhamba ewela kulo lonke elaseYurophu, Renaissance, Renaissance. A Vitebsk, mezhdk indlela, isihloko kungokwalabo inhloko-dolobha isiqondiso art yesibili. Ngeshwa, le Eqinisweni, bambalwa Ngizwile.

Namuhla Vitebsk bangaziqhayisa inani elikhulu lezinto lenani zomlando namasiko. Kukhona 219 esikhumbuzo, eziyisishiyagalombili Ihlobene umlando kanye eziyisithupha - ukuze nemivubukulo. Ecebile zezakhiwo ezindala Vitebsk esifundeni. Kokubona kungaba isikhathi eside ubuka, ukulalela izindaba ezithakazelisayo zabantu bendawo kanye nabaqondisi.

Ezabantu esivelele Vitebsk esifundeni

Vitebsk wazalwa wakhulela Mark Shagal. wahlala iminyaka yakhe ebuntwaneni Pokrovskaya emgwaqweni. Endlini lapho umndeni owahlala khona umdwebi odumile esizayo, manje emnyuziyamu. Zonke izinto endlini, okuyinto kwakuhlobene nalokho lokusungula Chagall, manje ichonywe Museum njengoba ziphephile.

Njengoba imibhalo ezigciniwe ngo-1896 waseFrance Fernand Guillén ngesisekelo inkontileka esiphethwe kuhulumeni edolobheni, baqala ukwakha indlela trams kagesi. Ngenxa leli qiniso eminyakeni emibili kamuva, leli dolobha kakade cruised ifomu engavamile kwezithuthi zomphakathi. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe yomlando kulondoloza inkumbulo isenzakalo esiyingqayizivele - tram kuqala, okuyinto kubhekwa ukuziqhenya Vitebsk.

Ngo-July 1895 isakhamuzi Vitebsk Drevnitskoy OM wakwazi ngempumelelo umhlaba parachute, ukuze waba yisaga, eba parachutist lokuqala zesifazane.

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-80-yalolucwaningo of XIX leminyaka. Vitebsk umthwebuli Sigizmundu Yurkovskomu necebo umbono omuhle kakhulu - ukuhlomisa i ikhamera yesivalo osheshayo. Lokhu kwaba ngempela revolution emkhakheni izithombe.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo sempi

Impi kwesokunxele emlandweni Vitebsk esifundeni futhi uphawu ongenakucimeka wokulingwa. Ngakho, izinyanga 3 Vitebsk kwaba sebuthweni sikaNapoleon matasa indawo ngesikhathi sempi ye 1812, esigodlweni sombusi, ngaleso sikhathi elapha kweNyuka Hill, uNapoleon wakhetha ukubeka ekomkhulu lamabutho. Kulomuzi Belarusian kombusi French ngo-August 3, kwadingeka ukugubha usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe esilandelayo.

Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ngoba Vitebsk wayengomunye walaba eziqine. Cishe zonke izindlu ayafa (93%) kanye izinkulungwane 167 izakhamuzi sokusinda kwaba Nokho 118. kuphela, ngemva kokunqotshwa abahlaseli amaNazi waqala ayokwakha kabusha umuzi.

ezikhumbuzo Military ukuthi abadumile Vitsebsk esifundeni - izinto, okungakwazi abashiye ubani nandaba.

Ili Repina Museum kanye nayo Hagia Sophia

Eneminyaka engu-16 km kusuka Vitebsk kuyinto Museum-ifa Ili Repina "Zdravnevo". Kuze 1892 Manor wabizwa ngokuthi Sofievka. Wathenga le peredvzhnik mculi ku imali abayithole ngemuva ukuthengiswa imidwebo the uMbusi u-Alexander III wakhe odumile othi, oluveza iyiqoqo yesehlakalo Zaporozhye Cossacks ubhala impendulo kombusi Turkish. Kulesi Manor IIya Repin waphefumulelwa ukudala ezingaphezu kwezingu-40 wemisebenzi yakhe yobungcweti, kuhlanganise "Moonlight", "Autumn Bouquet", "Sun" nabanye.

Kanye Ilungiselelo lime izihlahla, okuyinto wafaka umculi, namanje nethuba ukuhamba izivakashi izindlu.

Polotsk ngaphandle Castle kuyinto St Sophia Cathedral (UZandile noma Ukuhlakanipha oNgcwele), ivikelwe UNESCO. It kungokwalabo amathempeli bokuqala zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni, kuyilapho Belarus ubhekwa ithempeli lokuqala yakhiwa ngamatshe. Cishe ngo-XI. Vseslav Iseluleki wayala ukumakhela omelela amandla Polotsk. I sibonelo wakhonza njengephayona nabo abaphezulu-dolobha yoMbuso WaseByzantium.

I-City Deep namathempeli emzini Lepel

Umuzi omuhle Deep (Vitebsk esifundeni) itholakala 187 km kusuka Vitebsk. Izikhangibavakashi kwendawo kuyobenza babe ubani okwazisayo zezakhiwo ezindala:

• Mill (1911);
• WaseKarmeli Monastery (XVII-XIX c.);
• Cathedral of the kukaJesu Blessed Virgin Mary (1639-1654 g);
• St zintathu Church (1628).

Ngisho phakathi komuzi kukhona amachibi ayisihlanu. Izivakashi kufanele uvakashele futhi Gluboksky Museum zomlando ethnographic.

Futhi Ongoti lamathempeli kufanele ubone ezikhangayo Lepel (Vitebsk esifundeni)

• Chapel of St George (1900);
• Chapel-nadmogile (XIX e.);
• Church of St Paraskeva (1841-1844 g);
• Church of St Casimir (1857-1876 g).

Lokhu edolobheni isendaweni Vitebsk at ibanga km 110. Isimo sezwe ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa - konke izakhiwo ezintsha zakhelwe, izikole kanye izinkulisa.

Emangalisa indawo yemvelo

Republican landscape inqolobane "Yelnya", ise Miory esifundeni, ezazidume ngokutshala amachibi amadala glacial futhi bogs, e nokucabanga ngalo izivakashi umoya. Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke (wayengasekho eminyakeni engaphansi kwengu-9000 ubudala) ixhaphozi ngokuthi "Yelnya" 20 ayizinkulungwane. Amahektha.

In autumn bathutheleka lapha sibaningi Cranes grey namahansi. izindawo zasendaweni ocebile kakhulu cranberry. I berry zithandwa kakhulu kangangokuba behlonipha wakhe ngisho njalo ngonyaka abe umkhosi okhethekile semvelo.

Nalu uhlu ezikhangayo best in the Vitebsk esifundeni, okuyinto kufanele ubone zonke izivakashi abavakashele Belarus:

1. ONgcwele Assumption Cathedral (Vitebsk).
2. Hagia Sophia (Polotsk).
3. Hall (Vitebsk).
4. Bhala ukubuyekeza Belarusian (Polotsk) Museum.
5. Lesikhumbuzo ukuze amaqhawe neMpi Patriotic ka 1812 (Polotsk).
6. ibhuloho Pushkinsky (Vitebsk).
7. Peter yokuhlala mina (Polack).
8. Cathedral of the kukaJesu Blessed Virgin Mary (Deep).
9. Traditional Culture Museum (KaBraslav).
10. Yisikhumbuzo eziyinkimbinkimbi "Rylenki".

Lolu uhlu lwamakhasi e ubuncane yini azinake zonke izivakashi.