Uyini indlala pituitary? Likuphi indlala pituitary?

Ethi Mysteries of the umzimba womuntu ungapheli uphelelwa eminyaka amaningi zilandelana. Nakuba ososayensi bathole ukuthi indlala pituitary kakhulu ayikaziwa. Lokhu indlala endocrine itholakala ngaphansi uqweqwe we ama- cerebral ku sehhashi amathambo skull.

Isigungu seziPhathimandla has simise oyindilinga kanye nosayizi encane, isisindo saso singamakhilogremu 0.5 g Abantu abaningi bayazi lapho indlala pituitary kodwa ngokubaluleka indima le Ukuqagela elisebenzisekayo akubona bonke. Ukubaluleka le ndlala kunzima overestimate, ngoba kuthinta umzimba, ekukhuleni kanye nasekuthuthukeni.

Isakhiwo indlala pituitary: kwebalingisi

Human pituitary ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: front ingxenye (okuthiwa adenohypophysis) kanye bakhulise ingxenye (neurohypophysis). Ubuye abe nobuhlobo ne hypothalamus ngokusebenzisa uphondo. Kuyinto kusukela kule ngxenye pituitary indlala ukuwa izinto kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone. Bobabili share yayo umsebenzi ngaphansi kokuqondisa hypothalamus, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lo mgwamanda ephakathi eziphawuleka kakhulu ohlelweni endocrine zomzimba womuntu.

Lobe anterior

Ukunika isici le ngxenye, sizokwenza ukuphendula umbuzo yini indlala pituitary. Isakhiwo Lobe anterior siqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukene yezindlala endocrine amaseli. Yena, nalo ihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana:

• Distal. Uveza lemali enkulu yama-hormone.
• Ijabulise. Kuyinto phambili lowo odlule, kodwa imisebenzi akwaziwa, ngoba kule ndawo ayiqondakali kahle ososayensi.
• Lesisemkhatsini. Kusukela isihloko kuyacaca ukuthi itholakala phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili kuchaziwe ngenhla.

Lesi sakhiwo has indlala pituitary. Imisebenzi ye namanoni aphezu anterior ibalulekile ukulawulwa izinqubo kusukela iphuzu bokuphila umbono (kumayelana ukukhula, imifanekiso kanye lactation, ukucindezeleka). Lomsebenzi wenziwa sibonga amahomoni peptide ukuthi isinyathelo izitho imigomo: amaqanda, isibindi, izindlala adrenal, yegilo, njll ...

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, ukulawula iyizingxenye ilungelo babe ama- ezinkulu zobuchopho, okungukuthi i-hypothalamus. Le ngxenye amadili nge ozokusebenzisa, prolactin, yegilo inkanuko hormone, follicle-eqabulayo futhi luteinizing-hormone okuthiwa i-beta-endorphin.

Posterior Lobe we indlala pituitary

Le ngxenye siqukethe izingxenye ezintathu, okungukuthi inhlanganisela sezinzwa share uphondo stem futhi ukuphakama lesemkhatsini. Ososayensi bathi lesi sici Iwumbono hypothalamus Kodwa abanjalo hormone pituitary njengoba oxytocin futhi vasopressin, ubuchopho ukhiqiza wathi isakhiwo. vesicles Neurosecretory kukhona ichibi ngoba la ma-hormone nangaphansi Ubuningi obanele zikhishwa lingene egazini.

share zesikhashana

It imelelwa ungqimba ezondile emangqamuzaneni okuthiwa zitholakala phakathi kwezinye izingxenye ezimbili. Leli nani nayo abasebenza hormone melanocyte-inkanuko.

imisebenzi yegilo

Manje ungakwazi bawuqonde ngokucace kakhudlwana ukuthi yini le ndlala pituitary ngokusebenzisa incazelo imisebenzi yawo ngokupheleleko. Ngokwesibonelo, namanoni aphezu anterior ukhiqiza eziningi hormone amaprotheni. Into prolactin unesibopho ukukhiqiza ubisi ezanele kwabesifazane lactating. Ukuze wandise ama-hormone isidingo ekukhuleni komzimba. Uma incane, ukuthuthukiswa umzimba imisiwe, futhi lo muntu angahlala yemifino. Lapho kakhulu le-hormone, kungenzeka ukuba agcine ukukhula ngokweqile.

Ukuze impilo indlala yegilo, indlala pituitary ukhiqiza yegilo inkanuko hormone. Endabeni ka ukuhlukumeza kungaba nemiphumela ebuhlungu. Ngezinye cortex adrenal kuthinta i-hormone adrenocorticotropic, kanye nokuthuthukiswa ubulili kwezitho ukuqala ukuthomba incike estrogen ne-testosterone - besilisa hormone ocansini nowesifazane.

Posterior Lobe we indlala pituitary kakhulu. Umsebenzi wayo ekwakhiweni kakade kuchazwe compounds: oxytocin futhi vasopressin. Hormone lokuqala luthatha iqhaza ukusikwa imisipha abushelelezi emathunjini, nenyongo sesinye futhi urinary. Oxytocin kuvusa ukusikwa imisipha lesizalo ngesikhathi kunombhikisho zamaKhosi. Futhi, le hormone ekhiqizwa Ukuze kuncishiswe webele, okuyoba neqhaza ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa ubisi. Le into esiza izinso baphethe sodium, okwenza izinga igazi lakhe sinciphile. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kokubili iyizingxenye imisebenzi yabo ngokuzimela.

indlala pituitary futhi cerebral hemispheres zixhunywe umlenze kanye lapho kwemithambo emincane ukuthi ahlinzeke ukondliwa umzimba. Odokotela bathi akuyona yonke imisebenzi le ndlala ngokwanele afunda, futhi ukuthi ngaphezu synthesis amakhemikhali, kunesinye ingxenye isici. Nenani eliqondile hormone kwemiqondo engatholakali.

Izinkinga indlala pituitary nezifo okwalandela

Ukusebenza evamile indlala pituitary ihlinzeka isiqinisekiso nempilo yabantu kanye nempilo ende. Le ndikimba - uhlobo ukulawula umzimba ekubhekaneni ukulawula ibhalansi amahomoni ezidingekayo ukuze umuntu. A indima enkulu ezimpilweni zethu udlala indlala pituitary. Kuyinsakavukela ngokuvamile i- futhi ingase ibe nezimpawu ezibonisa isifo esithile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi singakanani ikhiqizwa hormone (kakhulu noma kancane kakhulu), umuntu angagcina sina endocrine ukungasebenzi ngendlela noma isifo.

Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela kwama-hormone athile kuphakamisa ukuhlukahluka umsebenzi yegilo, i-hypothyroidism, ukukhula ukuboshwa, umuntu eba yemifino. Futhi kungase ukuthuthukisa hypopituitarism ukuthi kubambezela bathombe ingane noma kuvusa zokuzala uhlelo iziyaluyalu kwabadala.

i overabundance hormone igcwele akukho nemiphumela kancane ebuhlungu. Kulokhu, isici izifo intando ezifana-high blood pressure, ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela, isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye uhlelo zokuzala, ukukhuphuka ezinkulu (gigantism).

ukwephulwa Kwethulwa - is phetho ukusebenza okungavamile indlala pituitary. Basuke ephelezelwa endocrine kanye umzimba syndrome, okuyinto ixhunywe kumiswa sokugembula at endaweni ethile yomzimba pituitary. Ngo izicubu yezindlala kungenzeka akha isimila ingozi enesihloko esithi "Adenoma". Imbangela lesi sifo angase abe ezilimele noma ugebhezi, okuholela okulimala ebuchosheni noma neuroinfection.

Pituitary adenoma: lokho okushiwo?

Semali ngesimo isimila kwandisa nge sikhathi, usayizi waso iba ezinkudlwana, futhi liqale ukukhiqiza ingcindezi izicubu yezindlala okungukuthi ngaphakathi ugebhezi. Uphawu oyinhloko iba endocrine kanye umzimba syndrome, okuyinto kuhambisana izinguquko Opthalmo-zezinzwa kahle ibhalansi hormone.

Izikhalazo eyinhloko ezigulini ngokuvakashela udokotela yilezi: ikhanda endaweni lapho indlala pituitary izinguquko emkhakheni ezibukwayo, kahle iso ukunyakaza. Ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa yalesi sifo has izici zayo siqu ngisho Izimo ukuthi ebekwe udokotela, kuye ngokuthi isimo lesi sifo. Endabeni izimila ezinkulu, uma kungekho contraindications, sebenzisa kokungenela kuhlinzwa nemfundo zisusiwe.

Uma umuntu kutholakala microadenomas nge usayizi encane, awusebenzi iwusongo abalulekile, kodwa akusho ukuthi ukuphathwa akudingekile ukuba afeze, njengoba inyuka isimila, okubangela ubuhlungu, bese kusadingeka sinqume.

Izinhlobo pituitary adenomas

Ukwahlukanisa Ezemfundo wathatha ngesisekelo ubukhulu nombandela. Ngokusho lokhu, khona microadenomas, ububanzi okuyinto ngamasentimitha esingaphansi kwezinsuku ezimbili, futhi macroadenoma kokuba Ubukhulu mkhulu kunezinhliziyo ngamasentimitha amabili. Uma udokotela has a izinsolo isifo, isiguli kumele ahlolwe emitholampilo-magnetic resonance imaging (esifushanisiwe njengoba MRI). Lezi izindlela asivumela ukucacisa uhlobo yesimila.

Positive uphethwe yi uzoqoka okusezingeni eliphezulu nokwelashwa izinga. Isiguli uzothola imithi izidakamizwa ukuthi isinyathelo focus sokugembula.

ukwelashwa nemisebe - iyona amafomu ephumelela kunazo eliphambili lokwelapha lesi sifo, aziwa zokwelapha. Inqubo ngokuphilisa umuntu kakhulu futhi kuncike isimo sokusebenza zomzimba womuntu, kanye kanjani isifo kwenzeka, yini komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane yayo.

Ukusebenzisa umsakazo wave ukwelashwa ezithinta isikhungo sokugembula, nobuntu esigabeni sokuqala lesi sifo. Uma uhlobo adenomas okuqhubekayo ke ngokushesha ezidinga ukuhlinzwa.

Eziyingozi ezingavamile kakhulu icala - adenoma pituitary ukuthi kwenzeka kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ngeshwa, ezifana microadenomas iphathwa contraindicated, kungakhathaliseki kokungenela kwemithi noma ngemisebe, njengoba imithelela ezinjalo zingase zibulale-fetus. Into kuphela ukuthi kungaba odokotela - kuyinto ukulawula isifo. Uma owesifazane ubeletha, isimila okuqhubekayo kungenziwa ukusika. Ngenxa yalokhu, iziguli kangaka lokunikeza Izibikezelo evumayo.

isiphetho

Isihloko Kwethulwa kunikeza impendulo yombuzo othi kuyini indlala pituitary lokho isebenta it has, yini ukwephulwa zingenzeka nokuthi yini ukukhiqiza. Little ucezu amancane zomzimba womuntu, kotoroya kunomthelela omkhulu. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi bonke umzimba kuyadingeka futhi ezibalulekile!