Uyini halogens? izakhi zamakhemikhali sasekhaya, chlorine, iodine kanye astatine

Zonke izici kwetafula gqwa ehlangana ngemacembu, kuye chemical yabo izakhiwo. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuthi iziphi Halogen (noma halo).

Meaning of halogens

Halogens - kukhona izakhi lwezakhi iqembu 17, futhi ku-ngezigaba ephelelwe yisikhathi - 7 iqembu eliyinhloko. Libhekisela halogens 5 chemical izakhi, phakathi lapho sasekhaya, chlorine, i-iodine uxhumano lokudlulisa futhi astatine. Bonke bangabangasokile okungezona izinto ezimbiwa phansi. Halogen - oxidants ephapheme kakhulu ngaphandle idatha izakhi babe 7 electron.

Yiziphi halogens, kungani babehluleka uthole amagama abo? Igama elithi "Halo" kwakhiwa kusukela amagama amabili ngesiGreki, okuyinto ndawonye amelela "sokuzalwa nosawoti". Omunye ingxenye yaleli qembu - chlorine, nge amafomu sodium usawoti.

Izakhiwo Halogen iqembu

I izakhiwo amakhemikhali halogens zifana, kodwa nezici zabo ezingokomzimba izakhi zihlukile komunye nomunye.

Fluoride - into gaseous umbala ophuzi, nge iphunga kubuhlungu ngempela futhi okunoshukela. Chlorine - gas umbala ogqamile ephuzi ngombala, has a iphunga esindayo nenyanyekayo. Uxhumano lokudlulisa - uketshezi onsundu. Astatine - blue-black okuqinile nge iphunga okunoshukela. Iodine - ke grey okuqinile. Kufinyeta ulwazi okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, kungenzeka ukuba uphendule umbuzo othi: "Siyini halogens?". Lokhu amagesi futhi uketshezi, futhi ukudla okuqinile.

izakhiwo Chemical leqembu Halogen

The main isici elivamile laso sonke halogens siwukuthi bangamalungu zonke oxidants ekhuthele kakhulu. I Halogen kakhulu esebenzayo sasekhaya, okuyinto ihlangana zonke izinsimbi kanye ngasebenzi kakhulu - astatine.

Ukuxoxa halogens kusuka izinto ezilula (ngaphandle kwamanye non-izinsimbi) sihamba kalula. Emvelweni, ziseZwini kuphela ngesimo compounds.

sasekhaya

Okunjalo isici, fluorine etholwe kuphela ngesikhathi usosayensi French ekupheleni XIX leminyaka okuthiwa Anri Muassan. Fluoro - gas ukuphaphatheka ophuzi. Halogens ayisibonelo non-izinsimbi kanye oxidants, futhi yonke halogens fluoro - kakhulu asebenzayo. Manje lokhu Halogen lubaluleke e umkhakha ngoba isetshenziswa womshini amapayipi, isiqophamazwi sokulalela, izicubu ezinengilazi ahlukahlukene, non stick evele ngoba okuzikhulula nomumo, futhi imithi enkulu ekwakhekeni lemithambo yokufakelwa kanye emithanjeni. Ngo mboni, Halogen buhlanjululwe nitrogen.

chlorine

Chlorine - isici chemical eyaziwa, libhekisela eqenjini Halogen. Yiziphi halogens, saxoxa ngenhla. Chlorine unawo izakhiwo eziyisisekelo izingxenye iqembu.

Igama livela lesiGreki elithi "chloros", okuyinto uhumusha njengoba oluhlaza okhanyayo. Lokhu igesi kuvamile kakhulu emvelweni, kuba inqwaba eziqukethwe emanzini asolwandle. Chlorine - intfo lebaluleke kakhulu, kuba pheze esisemqoka amakhorali, magciwane okubhukuda, kanye magciwane amanzi okuphuza.

Kodwa chlorine yaziwa ngokuba esiyingozi kakhulu esibulalayo. Ngo-1915, amabutho aseJalimane esetshenziswa ekumelaneni nebutho lase-French lezingalo eziyizinkulungwane 6. Balloons nale Halogen. Lena esibulalayo yasungulwa ngo usokhemisi odumile German Fritz Haber.

iodine

I-iodine noma iodo, - enye ingxenye, elingelakwaJuda iqembu Halogen. Empeleni, ishadi lesikhathi element ibizwa ngokuthi akekho omunye ngaphandle iodine, kodwa igama layo ejwayelekile ubhekwa iodine. igama isici livela egameni lesiGreki, okuyinto zihunyushelwe izindlela Russian "violet". Lo msuka chemical ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kuvamile. Lapho ukuba sizihlanganise namanye halogens, ikakhulukazi chlorine etholwe izindlela ezinhle zokukhipha igciwane amanxeba kanye imihuzuko. Manje-iodine kusetshenziswa imithi nokuvimbela izifo zendlala yegilo.

astatine

Astatine Kuyathakazelisa ngoba akukaze yakhiqizwa bamakhemikhali e isamba yokuthi kungabonwa ngeso lenyama. Futhi cishe, le ndlela ngeke owethulwe kubona naphakade. Uma ochwepheshe futhi bakwazi ukudamane bethola esiningi lesi sici chemical, masinyane ngabe shabalala, ngenxa ukuvela lokushisa eliphezulu, okuyinto ngenxa emisebeni timphawu. Astatine - element ezingavamile kakhulu, futhi inani elincane itholakala Ungqimba olungaphandle lomhlaba.

Phakathi astatine Halogen - elementi sasivumela kungathí shu, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokusetshenziswa kuye ezitholakele.

Ukusetshenziswa nokubaluleka

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wonke halogens babe efanayo amakhemikhali izakhiwo, bajwayele ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, fluorine iyasiza amazinyo, yingakho sengezwe toothpastes. Isicelo ejenti zokwelapha kanye prophylactic, okuyinto ekhona yokwakheka chemical isici sasekhaya, kuvimbela caries. Chlorine isetshenziswa ukukhiqiza hydrochloric acid okuyinto lubaluleke e umkhakha nemithi. Chlorine isetshenziswa womshini iraba, ipulasitiki, uketshezi, udayi, kanye nezindwangu zokwenziwa. Compounds aqukethe lesi sici isetshenziswa kwezolimo yokulawula izinambuzane. Halogen chloro esisemqoka the amakhorali iphepha kanye nendwangu. Kukholakala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa chlorine ekwelapheni amanzi okuphuza ezingaphephile. Uxhumano lokudlulisa, okuyinto Halogen-iodine ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa imithi.

Meaning of halogens ekuphileni kwebantfu makhulu. Uma sicabange ukuba khona abantu, ngaphandle halogens, singathanda baye bancishwa izinto ezifana izithombe, isinqandakuvunda futhi magciwane, iraba, plastic, linoleum, nabanye abaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi izinto kudingeka wenze umzimba womuntu wakwazi kahle, okungukuthi, zidlala indima ebalulekile yemvelo. Nakuba izakhiwo halogens futhi efanayo, indima yazo umkhakha nemithi lihlukile.