Mshini nesenzakalo of ezincwadini ukuze olwenzeka endaweni zezilwane nezitshalo

Inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuhilela updates njalo, okuvela izici ewusizo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwabo ezindikimbeni eziphilayo. Futhi lezi zinguquko kungukuthi ngempela kwenzeka ezakhini zofuzo. idioadaptation ebaluleke kakhulu - ezincwadini zezilwane, izitshalo kanye ezincane-eziphilayo ngoba izimo ezithile zemvelo, yizici zemvelo, kanye nezici zabo ezingokomzimba ndawo.

Mshini nesenzakalo amadivayisi - inqubo ezijulile kwemvelo, obumba izici oyifunayo nge kwesikhathi, kancane kancane. Ukulungisa izici ezidingekayo ufuzo nezidalwa eziphilayo ukubonisa izizukulwane ezizayo.

Ukuzijwayeza, noma lithathelwe eziphilayo

Isikhathi esining impela ungathola emzimbeni yemifino noma isilwane imvelaphi, okuyinto anezinye sici ongavamile ku isakhiwo, ukuziphatha noma ukubukeka. Ngokwesibonelo, unamathele izinambuzane, okuyinto ngaphandle nibonakala nsé amagatsha esihlahleni. Noma fly-hoverfly, okuyinto has ncamashi nombala ofanayo, njengomuntu umuvi. Phakathi izitshalo zibonelo tolstostebelnye cactus esinamanzi, izimpande enokuziphakamisa futhi zasemoyeni, izimpande-zasesiteji.

Kunoma ikuphi, konke lokhu - lithathelwe kwendawo ezihlala, zezemvelo izinhlanhla noma bazivikele kwezinye izidalwa. imihlola ezinjalo zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba kukhona izigaba ezibalulekile inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Mshini nesenzakalo amadivayisi njalo isekelwe isampuli zofuzo kubalulekile futhi kuyadingeka yasibamba zezakhi zofuzo ngamakhodi ukubonakaliswa mfanelo. Ngokwesibonelo, isakhi sofuzo esiyimbangela yalesi ushintsho umbala chameleon, kwakheka izakhi zofuzo kwalezi zilwane ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule futhi namanje awadlulisela zonke izizukulwane ezizayo.

isitshalo lithathelwe: umbono jikelele

Eziguquliwe izitshalo ziyingxenye ebalulekile ezimpilweni zabo. Bonke zingahlukaniswa zibe amaqembu amaningana eyinhloko.

1. Ngu izimo lokushisa imvelo.
2. nomswakama.
3. Indlela impova.
4. Ngu ukusetshenziswa ukudla.

Mshini amadivayisi nesenzakalo elihlangabezana nazo zonke izisekelo efanayo - izinguquko yokuziphendukela kwemvelo nge clamping nokudluliselwa ngofuzo kunesidingo ngaphansi izici ezithile izimo. Ngakho-ke, uma isitshalo ingashintshwa ukuze indawo, zezemvelo, izinga lokushisa, kuzo zonke izizukulwane zawo esizayo, kuyokunikeza zonke izici ezidingekayo ukuze khona ntofontofo.

Izitshalo ezimweni ezomile

Ngezinye lokushisa, okuyinto ubuswa izindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu futhi izinsuku constants libalele, amadivaysi izitshalo ziye zathi okuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa umswakama ukuhwamuka. Futhi, ukulondoloza isisindo nezakhi kanye namanzi lesibopho ngaphakathi stem.

Ngenxa yalesi esinezimila zingqimba kuyehla kube sezingeni eliphansi noma ngokuphelele ukushintshwa. Isibonelo ejwayelekile kakhulu izimila zasogwadule - Cacti. izimo ngesihluku khona ngaphansi ovuthayo ilanga elishisayo wenza amaqabunga lezi zitshalo ukuguqulela izinaliti prickly neziqu - in a stem aminyene esinamanzi, egcwele parenchymal amaseli (isizinda indwangu) nge inani elikhulu lamanzi lesibopho futhi mahhala.

Mshini nesenzakalo of cactus ezincwadini libonisa ngokucacile kakhulu indlela okunekhono Tshala e ezincwadini zabo. Ngenxa ameva isitshalo akusho shabalala amanzi Ngokubona iqabunga kwamanzi, ngakho-ke, it okusindisayo nenani elikhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isiqu, ngaphansi Ushintshe obukhulu stem esinamanzi, kukhona ukunqwabelana eziningi izinto, egcina amanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, zanqwabelana:

• hydrophilic amaprotheni molecule;
• proline (acid acid, egcina amanzi);
• monosaccharides futhi acid ehlukahlukene organic.

Futhi, indlela amadivayisi nesenzakalo cactus kuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa imvelo hormone compounds okuyinto ziphazamise isenzo ozokusebenzisa (gibberellins, auxins). Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo izitshalo ukuba zikhule ngokushesha ayeke phezu okuvela kwezimo ezingezinhle, kuze kube nini nanini isikhathi eside.

Ukuzijwayeza ezahlukene impova

Esinye isibonelo esiphawulekayo lithathelwe ezitshalweni kuyinto ikhono lazo ukuzivumelanisa ezithutha impova. Ngokwesibonelo, imbewu umoya-impova amafomu eyomile futhi ukukhanya, ukuthi nje kuyophela ukunyakaza ngisho engaqinile emoyeni.

Uma isitshalo Entomophilous, uveza izimbali umbala ezithile kanye nesakhiwo:

• egqamile;
• ezinkulu noma eqoqwe inflorescences ezinkulu;
• nge Iphunga eqinile emnandi.

Isakhiwo imbali kungabuye zifakwa ngaphansi wempova. Zikhona izitshalo impova uhlobo ngokuqinile ezithile izinyoni noma izinambuzane.

Cross-impova noma izitshalo self-impova e isakhiwo imbali babe stamens eside futhi pistil ngokujulile itshalwe impova ifinyelela inhlamba. Ngayinye yalezi amathuluzi linendima ebalulekile yokuzala futhi ufuzo futhi kuvikelwe e ufuzo.

izimo umswakama ngokweqile yezimila

Ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele ngokuvamile lo mkhuba umswakama ngokweqile. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kwezinye izindawo ezina ungaya ngaphezu kwenyanga ezaziwayo. Yiqiniso, ngokweqile enjalo yamanzi kuyingozi kakhulu izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezithile aye akha lithathelwe ezithile ukuze sinciphise umthelela bemvelo ezinjalo. It gidatody - amanzi esizalweni somfula, okwandisa inani lamanzi excreted ngu simila. Usuka amathonsi njengoba yayinjalo. Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi Guttation.

Futhi amadivayisi enomhwamuko izitshalo makhulu ipuleti esinezimila ngenombolo enkulu stomata. Ngakho, transpiration futhi ithuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo.

Mshini nesenzakalo amadivayisi e izilwane

Fauna ophoqelelwe hhayi kuphela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo, kodwa futhi ukuze bazivikele ekuhlaseleni abantu namandla, zona - ukudla. Lokhu kwaholela ekwakhekeni izinhlobo eziningana ezincwadini e izilwane:

• izinguquko esimeni sokwakheka komzimba nezitho zomzimba, uvolo (isikhumba, ipeni) ukumboza;
• coloration zokuzivikela;
• mimesis (belingisa a izilwane evikelwe futhi iyingozi);
• Umbala eziyizixwayiso;
• ukuziphatha oxosha.

Isibonelo esimangalisayo amadivayisi ngokushintsha ukuma umzimba, izitho kanye nesembozo yizinyoni (izimpaphe, keel, ukukhanya skeleton kulayini umzimba shape). Futhi, ezincelisayo zasemanzini inhlanzi ezinamaphiko nezingcwecwe imisila, surface bushelelezi, ukuntuleka ijazi eqinile. Kodwa zikhona air Bubbles, i-lateral line (e inhlanzi), izinyawo leWebhu (Waterfowl), emaphikweni (ezincelisayo zasolwandle).

coloration Avikelayo kubonakala izilwane eziningi, kokubili eliwumhlaba futhi zasemanzini. Ngokwesibonelo, nezintethe oluhlaza, kufihlwe utshani, ulwandle inaliti bazifihla e ulwelwe. Chameleon inundu (induku isibungu) Calim (butterfly simulating leaf), mottled partridges, omhlophe kanye grey umbala izinyoni nezinye izibonelo eziningi eliyingqayizivele lokubonakalisa divayisi izilwane.

Kulingisa, kuba mbumbulu ukuze bazivikele ekudliweni futhi sihlasela nobuntu, isibonelo, izimpukane hoverflies (sifana umuvi), ezinye zezinyoka, izinyoka ezinesihlungu ukukopisha nokunye.

Eziyizixwayiso Umbala izinambuzane nezilwane kuhloswe isixwayiso inedibility zinhlobo fair, virulence yayo. Izibonelo izinyoka ezinesihlungu, iminyovu, izinyosi, izinyosi Bumble, ladybugs kanye nabanye abameleli. Le idivayisi eyejwayelekile izilwane.

ukuziphatha Repellent - nento encimfelwayo, ngangivuka ngikhalelwa, otprygivanie eceleni, deflation eziwuketshezi yemvelo (inki ingwane futhi squid, skunks). Kungaphinde kufake izici ezithile ezisesandleni abandayo ifomu isizini kwezimthende lula ukuthola ukudla.

Konke lokhu amadivayisi kumiswa indlela evolutionarily futhi zofuzo-amiselwe imfundo.

Lithathelwe amabhere

Mshini nesenzakalo of polar bear ezincwadini kwakheka i olwenzeka endaweni abandayo kakhulu. lithathelwe yakhe eyayiqondiswe ku-ekulondolozeni ukukhiqizwa imfudumalo ukudla. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Umbala omhlophe benikela (ukumaska);
• ungqimba obukhulu fat ongama, edlala indima ezimbili: ukwahlukanisa kanye isisindo emzimbeni yokunikeza usizo phakathi nalezo ukubhukuda futhi diving;
• noboya obukhulu aminyene futhi efudumele ukumboza bonke ubuso umzimba.

Ngenxa polar bear ezincwadini zabo akakwazi esabe ngisho isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu abandayo. Umbala omhlophe emvumela ukuba buthule yeqa up emthombeni wamandla - lwezimpawu.

Eziguquliwe ezincelisayo komhlaba

Omele ezivelele kunazo Yiqiniso, imvukuzane nazo zonke izihlobo zakhe (zokor, amagundane imvukuzane, nabanye). Ngakho-ke, ngo-isibonelo sakhe, cabanga lithathelwe. Mshini amadivayisi nesenzakalo imvukuzane exhunywe ne olwenzeka endaweni komhlaba elingenalo ezinye izinto ezibalulekile izici abiotic: ukukhanyisa umswakama ngokwanele, ukushisa. Ngakho-ke lithathelwe isilwane kanje:

• nemilenze enamandla ukumba;
• yokuntuleka umbono;
• ungqimba obukhulu fat ongama;
• bushelelezi futhi Friend black uvolo;
• ovikelekile sokwakheka komzimba.

Ukuzijwayeza kwezilwane ezinkulu ehlane

Ukuze labo ngokuyinhloko zihlanganisa amakamela, ngezinhlobo zazo ezahlukene. Mshini nesenzakalo amadivayisi Ikamela kwakheka ukuntula umswakama kanye okushisa aphakeme. Lithathelwe isimo elandelayo:

• Ukuba khona yensimbi ekupholiseni nosawoti ngokweqile emzimbeni;
• potootvedenie ongaphakeme;
• ikhono isikhathi eside elambile, ukuncipha ngomunye yesithathu;
• Izici ezikhethekile ukugaya futhi umzimba;
• khona humps, bagcwala amanzi lesibopho fat-ukugcina;
• ukugcwaliswa okusheshayo amanzi ubuyise zigcine yangaphakathi.

Zonke lezi ezincwadini ukwenza izimo amakamela ehlane, kuba ukhululekile futhi efanelekayo ukuphila.