Unohemu inikwa amandla yi ngokwemvelo: izici futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

I Cranes - inyoni, okuyinto akhiwa iculo, izinkondlo kanye izindaba zezingane. Lawa ubuhle eside ezinemilenze nge eside uqhwaku ewumngcingo, sibusisekile futhi kurlykayuschie eshicilelwe umsindo emoyeni, zonke ezihambisana iso esibhakabhakeni zonke entwasahlobo and ekwindla. Unohemu kunikwe amandla ngenkathi eRussia noma ubusika emazweni aseningizimu, ezichazwe kulesi sihloko.

Cranes nezinhlobo zabo

Gruiformes umndeni zezinyoni - omunye omdala Emhlabeni. Bavele ngenkathi izibankwakazi (iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-50-60 edlule) eMelika, lapho esezinzile lokuqala e-Asia abese Afrika nakwamanye amazwekazi.

Cranes mkhaya ezingu-15, lapho 7 bukhoma futhi zohlobo eRussia, abaningi kubo ohlwini ezisengozini. Ezinye izinhlobo zifuduka futhi uthuthe lapho kuqala isizini abandayo, abanye ngaphandle kokuzivivinya. Babukeka njengezihlahla, lapho ahlala khona futhi yini ukudla Cranes ngokwemvelo - zale mibuzo ziyoba nentshisekelo bonke abathandi izinyoni ehlukahlukene nejabulisayo.

Cranes grey

Lokhu zinyoni ezinhle ezinkulu (kufika ku-125 cm ubude), bonke abahlala zasehlobo ensimini ka-Russia, e-Europe nase-North-Asia. Izindawo Cranes enjalo zahlukahlukene kakhulu futhi musa kuxhomeke sezwe, kodwa akha izidleke zawo kuphela marshland. ERussia, kuba ezingamaxhaphozi floodplains, ehlathini-asemaqeleni kanye asemaqeleni esishintshashintshayo - echibini imicengezi nezimfunda wambozwa amanzi futhi imihlanga.

EWestern Europe Cranes ngokuvamile axazulule ixhaphozi encane eduze namasimu corn kanye eduze abantu. Lezi zinyoni omnivorous, futhi ngenxa yalokho, yini ukuba udle Cranes grey, kuye ngesikhathi somnyaka. Ehlobo kanye spring isikhathi, bayadla izilwane ezincane, izimbaza, amajikijolo, amahlumela of marsh izitshalo, ezihlukahlukene izinambuzane futhi izibungu zabo. Ekwindla ka Cranes flying amasimu, wapha ngezithukuthuku izitshalo ezikhulayo (ukolweni, ibhali, uphizi, ummbila), sithathe asele amazambane amancane. Izintandokazi ekwindla isidlo - amahlumela fresh kakolweni ebusika.

crane White (Sterkh)

ESiberia Crane - a zezinyoni ezingavamile kakhulu Cranes umndeni, efakwe ohlwini e Red Book of Russia. Uhlala futhi iyakwazi ukuqhubeka izala kulezi zindawo emathafeni e Yakutia futhi yaseTyumen, futhi ebusika indiza North-Asia (China, India). Lokhu omude kunayo yonke, mini ngekhephu inyoni ngoqhwaku nge obomvu, ekukhuleni kwayo kuze kube 140 cm, namaphiko ifinyelela 2.3 m.

Emhlophe crane udla incike indawo yakhe yokuhlala: emathafeni ase ukuze emachibini emaxhaphozini udla izilwane ezincane (lemmings, amagundane, voles), izinhlanzi kanye izinambuzane, izitshalo emanzini kanye amajikijolo.

Ngezinye izikhathi Cranes ezimhlophe rob: ukweba udle amaqanda fresh ngisho amaphuphu zezinye izinyoni. Phakathi ubusika Asia bedla nezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye rhizomes ezimila emanzini.

Dancing crane Japanese

Le nyoni enhle kakhulu bohlobo lwe-Cranes Crane Japanese, okuyinto iminyaka eminingi izilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, e-International Red Book. Disaster inyoni elihlobene ne yazo - emaxhaphozini nezimfunda exhaphozini eziqhingini Japanese, okuyinto angaphansi amanzi njalo abantu ukuze kwakhiwe imigwaqo nemizana. Lezi zinyoni atholakala ngezikhathi ezithile eRussia futhi China.

Amaxoxo, izinhlanzi, ezingenamgogodla encane, izinambuzane zihlukile - yilokho crane inikwa amandla yi ku ixhaphozi. Le nyoni ivelakancane, futhi amagwala, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukubona.

Ukubukeka kuyinto Crane enhle kakhulu: nezinsiba zawo ezimhlophe lihamba kuze kube semikhawulweni amaphiko nomsila emnyama, umlomo wenyoni amnyama, futhi phezu - Red Riding Hood. Ukuze ubuhle bayo enkulu ye-Japanese cabangela le nyoni uphawu ebalulekile yesiko lethu, emelela ukuchuma iminyaka eminingi yokuphila.

I emangalisayo kakhulu futhi enhle kule inyoni - ukudansa yayo magic entathakusa, lapho Cranes ukwenza bushelelezi umdanso uhamba. Ilahla amaphiko omkhulu, inyoni efa ke igxume ukulalela umculo wakhe uThandeka ngaphakathi.

Demoiselle

Belladonna - kunabo bonke ubukhulu crane emhlabeni, siqukethe abantu ayizinkulungwane 200 emazweni ahlukahlukene (amazwe Ephakathi neseMpumalanga Asia, Mongolia, Russia) ..

Belladonna ukukhula ongaphakeme (kufika ku-90 cm), ipotimende ukukhanya grey umbala, futhi ikhanda nentamo - black. Ngemuva amehlo kukhona tufts izimpaphe ezimhlophe, umlomo wenyoni - ophuzi, amancane. I-cornea yiso engavamile elikhanyayo orange umbala.

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, Belladonna bahlala ezindaweni evulekile ngotshani dlala: emaqeleni, lulwimi ezingwadule, amathafa. Amemezela ngentshiseko zanda namazwe axazulule ngqo ku umhlabathi olimekayo eduze kwamanzi (ukusakaza, emifuleni, emachibini amancane, izindawo aphansi).

Ngaphezu supply amasimu akhona okusanhlamvu (ezindlebeni udle ngokuphelele), izibankwa izinambuzane, amaqanda nezinye izinyoni isidleke - yilokho feeds demoiselle ehlane, kanye ezihlukahlukene imbewu plant izingxenye.

Nest demoiselle ehlane phansi egodini sizungezwe Amahlumela nomswani. Izingane nabazali babo izinyanga 10.

American Crane Pastushkova

Kunezinhlobo eziningana Cranes ukuthi esidlekeni futhi bahlale zwekazi American. Lasekuqaleni iningi labo - Aramu. Kuyinto inyoni umndeni Pastushkova Cranes usayizi ezincane (mayelana 66 cm) kanye nezinsiba nsundu-oliva oluhlaza namaphiko, amabele kanye phansi intamo - imivimbo mncane emhlophe. Aramu izidleke ese nasemaxhaphozini Central, aseNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika.

Ngokungafani zinhlobo European, Aramu - crane, ukudla clams, ikakhulukazi iminenke. Ziyofuna ukudla, bahamba kancane emanzini angajulile, ephakamisela okusezingeni eliphezulu imilenze yakhe ende, abuke emanzini, ngenxa umuzwa zawo ezimangalisayo zokuhogela ukuthole phansi. Wathatha cochlea, bona deftly wayihosha igobolondo, udle kakhulu shellfish, futhi nokujikijela phansi echibini emuva ku ichibi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Aramu amaphuphu, kunalokho, iminenke kancane ukudla ngendlela efanele kanye echibini, ukugwinya lonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi Zhuravliki futhi bedla ukudla isitshalo: ubhontshisi kanye amahlumela okusanhlamvu, amajikijolo, eNyakatho Melika njengoba cranberry, izimpande, nezilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo ezihlukahlukene. Kusukela okunye ukudla - izinambuzane (zasemanzini eliwumhlaba), ezihuquzelayo encane nezilwane ezincelisayo, izimpethu - American Ukudla Aramu ngempela ebanzi kuqhathaniswa, isibonelo, sizodlani demoiselle eYurophu.

Crane Indian (Antigone)

Kuyinto crane esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - ekukhuleni kwayo kuze kube 180 Color cm umlotha-grey noma okwesibhakabhaka, amathiphu wamaphiko -. Black uqhwaku - oluhlaza, ekhanda, emqaleni nasemhlane ingxenye entanyeni kukhona isikhumba obomvu ne bristles prickly. Phila Cranes ezinjalo e-India, Nepal nePakistan.

Antigone yakha izidleke emahlathini noma ekhanyayo, igcwele utshani obude noma ehlathini, eduze namaxhaphozi. Ngokuvamile isidleke siqukethe sifanamsindvo ise izitshalo ixhaphozi ngqo emanzini emanzini angajulile noma eduze ichibi.

Nezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye ama lalezi zimbali ezikhula amanzi noma eduze kwayo, kancane inhlanzi amaxoxo - nakhu uhlu yini amandla crane Antigone. Ngokuvamile ziya emanzini angajulile, ngifake futhi ukumba up kusuka phansi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zezitshalo.

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, Antigone - crane ixazululwe, musa uthuthe nge ushintsho zonyaka, noma kuphi kusuka besezihlalweni zabo. isibalo saso singamakhulu iba ngcono, ngakho akukho izinkinga kanye nemibuzo evela zesayensi yezempilo, ke akabange esayibangela.

crane Australian (brolga)

Lokhu crane kufana kakhulu ukubukeka umlingani wakhe Indian futhi uhluke kuphela Umbala mnyama futhi izindawo ezincane Bald ekhanda. Ngenxa yalokhu ukufana, ornithologists ngisho abanolwazi eside ngokwanele ukudida lezi zinhlobo ezimbili.

Esikhathini esingeside ngakho brolga edlule wahlala phezu izindawo ezinkulu Australia kanye naseziqhingini New Guinea, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ekwandeni amapulazi futhi umhlaba sokufunwa crane asebenzayo wasala aphume endaweni yazo engokwemvelo kuphela. Manje kwakukhona kuphela labantu encane zalezi zinyoni ezindaweni ezisogwini-Australia.

Nest-brolgi Cranes ku ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, ngokuvamile egcwele amanzi yene okusezingeni eliphezulu ezenziwe ngotshani nezikhwama imihlanga. The main ukudla: rhizomes nokuyizigaxa lalezi zimbali ezikhula amanzi eduze inyoni bemba kusuka phansi echibini. Zidla encane inhlanzi, mabhungane, molluscs nezilwane eziphila ezweni, bathanda ndizela zidla Amasimu ipulazi elayisi nommbila. Konke okungenhla - kungcono ukuthi feeds crane-brolga e-Australia.

crane ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele

Igama Cranes uthole ngoba unamathela izimpaphe ekhanda, ukwakha enomqhele wegolide. Umbala oyinhloko izimpaphe kuholele-grey, amaphiko phezulu esimhlophe kanye yesibili onsundu brown. Ngaphansi iDemo uqhwaku phansi uhlanganyela abomvu "shackle" kwesikhumba. Bird - bhá futhi zizinhle.

Unohemu uhlala e-Afrika emathafeni exhaphozini, izigodi imifula emikhulu kanye namachibi, ngezinye izikhathi ezinza eduze abantu. Cranes isidleke ezindaweni ngokuqinile avikelwe ngokusebenzisa ukudansa yabo nokuklabalasa. Ukudla okuyisisekelo Uthwesé - ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zezitshalo, imbewu, izilwane ezincane (izinambuzane, izibankwa njll) - yilokho feeds crane ezwekazini lase-Afrika.