University of Merit wesayensi (kafushane). Ikhaya University ngobunjalo babo. impumelelo University e-physics, i-chemistry, izincwadi kanye isiRashiya

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov - sibalo esiyingqayizivele emlandweni wezwe lakithi. Wenza izinto eziningi ku-Russia, ukuyibhala ezihlukahlukene izindawo. Merit University wesayensi eziningi zinhle. Ngokuqinisekile, Mihail vasilevich Lomonosov (iminyaka yokuphila - 1711-1765) - indoda izintshisekelo ezihlukahlukene futhi ulwazi encyclopedic. Lona Usosayensi wokuqala yemvelo ezweni lethu, izimpumelelo okuyinto anencazelo global. Mikhail uyisazi-mlando, imbongi, umculi, omunye wabasunguli be-kule ndawo yolwazi, njengoba i-chemistry ngokomzimba. Sethula impumelelo yethu eyinhloko University e emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.

Chemistry kanye Physics

Mikhail wacabanga-chemistry umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko. sokunconywa Ikhaya University wukuthi yaba isimo esiyisisekelo imfundiso yokuziphendukela-athomu-yamangqamuzana yesimanje. Ngo ososayensi 1748 lokuqala zavela le umthetho ukulondolozwa mass izinto ebonwe zamakhemikhali.

Merit University kwamakhemikhali ezihlobene hhayi kuphela ekutholakaleni imithetho. Wakhuluma ngezinyoni isidingo ukuhlanganisa imizamo ososayensi ahlukahlukene ngokuhlanganyela nokuxazulula izinkinga. Ngo-1751 Mikhail idale "izwi ngezinzuzo yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali." Kuyo ayifunayo isicelo yezimpumelelo wesayensi ezifana physics kanye mathematics, ukufunda izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali.

Merit University e-physics futhi enkulu, kodwa impumelelo yakhe eyinhloko kule ndawo --athomu theory corpuscular, echaza ukwakheka ndaba, nempahla. Ososayensi baye sichaza izizathu kungani izinto ukuthatha isimo aggregate futhi wadala imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukushisa.

geography

Ngaphansi kobuholi Mikhail Vasilyevich yalungiswa ukushicilelwa "I-Atlas of Russia", okuyinto luphakeme atlases efanayo European. Kuyo ashiwo Imininingwane womhlaba, kanye nencazelo umbuso kwaba ngombono kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe.

Lomonosov, eqinisweni, olwenziwa yokusungula ephelele isimo. Mikhail ithuthukiswe plan for cwaningo kwezomnotho kanye lezibalo Russian. Expedition ezweni lonke basutha sibonga kuye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibuzo bathunyelwa esifundazweni ngasinye. Ukwaziswa Kabanzi wabuthelwa ngokuba Atlas. Lokhu kwethulwa nezici zabo ezingokomzimba nokuma kwezwe yezindawo ezihlukahlukene zezwe (ulwazi mayelana nesakhiwo lamabhange emfuleni, zasezintabeni esikhulu), kanye nokusebenza kwezomnotho kubangelwa izimo zemvelo (lapho dolobha lisendaweni lapho ogwini lomfula, okuyinto ezimbonini yayo , ubuciko kanye yezandla, isilwane nokudoba, fair, sikwele).

Kodwa lokho akuyona yonke impumelelo Lomonosov kule isayensi. Mikhail kubhekwa umsunguli lo mkhakha ulwazi, njengoba geography kwezomnotho. Lomonosov e 1758 waba inhloko yalawa uMnyango Geography, okuqondene Academy of Sciences. Mikhail Lomonosov wayenguthisha eziningana Abaklami bamabalazwe isiRashiya, zokuma kwendawo, oceanographers futhi abahloli.

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, Mikhail walithanda ulwandle. Wayeyikhathalela ukuthuthukiswa navigation kuleli zwe, wayenesithakazelo ekutadisheni ezindaweni ezibandayo. Lomonosov wabhala mayelana amazwe nhlobo elise-Arctic Ocean. uhambo Okokuqala Russian eholwa Chichagova Chelyuskina futhi aqaphela sibonga imizamo Mikhail Vasilyevich. Wayengumuntu umhleli ngakho, futhi wadala ngomyalo onemininingwane amalungu bomkhankaso.

nokwakheka

Lomonosov e 1763 wadala umsebenzi ngokuthi "On izingqimba zomhlaba." Wanikwa amaJuda isethulo yokwakheka komhlaba yesimanje, lapho kubhekwa ngowokuqala emlandweni. Isayensi ngokwayo wayengekho. Lomonosov kuqashelwe ukuthi emithanjeni amaminerali bengalingani ngeminyaka, wachaza umsuka bemivubukulo placer metalliferous, abamnyama umhlaba salokhu kuzamazama.

kolimi

nohlu olubanzi kakhulu izintshisekelo nokufeza Lomonosova mina v emkhakheni wesayensi yezilimi. Amazing ezihlukahlukene ngisho uhlu umsebenzi walesi usosayensi omkhulu. Sibala impumelelo eyinhloko Lomonosov ngolimi Russian. Nguye owadala lolimi lokuqala elikhulu ezweni lethu. Kwakuthinta ebekwe imithetho neziqondiso ulimi olusha tetemibhalo, okwethulwa ehlelekile. Lomonosov yiyona umbhali we imisebenzi ku zezigodi isiRashiya, ngokusho kocwaningo ngokuqhathanisa zomlando izilimi, izincwadi Poetics futhi stylistics ulimi ubugagu, kanye imfundiso yokuziphendukela izinkondlo namaprozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona igalelo lakhe nemisebenzi ehlobene nezindaba jikelele zokuthuthukiswa kolimi.

izincwadi

Lomonosov unguyise izinkondlo Russian. It evunyiwe izinkondlo kazwelonke we uhlelo lesimanje versification - syllabic-tonic. Ngo-1739, Lomonosov wabhala "Ode phezu Ukuthatha ka Khotin." It yadalwa nokusetshenziswa tetrameter iambic, okwakubekelwa eyokuqala evesini Russian. Lokhu ODE kwaletha inkathi entsha zezinkondlo Russian.

Qaphela ukuthi Lomonosov kwaba babathanda kakhulu lolu hlobo. Gala ulimi ODE egcwele izikhalazo mphendvulo kanye enjabulo, intshiseko zomphakathi, ukuqhathanisa enemininingwane nezingathekiso, asinazo izithombe kweBhayibheli kanye Slavonicisms - konke lokhu eyamdonsela. Lomonosov wayekholelwa ukuthi ebiyelwe "Yinde nobukhazikhazi." baqala ODE wathatha isampula cishe zonke izimbongi isiRashiya, wadala imisebenzi yabo ekhulwini le-18. Lomonosov emisebenzini yakhe ukunyusele zemfundo nesayensi. Wahlabelela umsebenzi ukuthula, wancoma abantu Russian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Lomonosov wayala amakhosi, ukudala i Empress ekahle ngemisebenzi yakhe.

indaba

impumelelo Abaningi Lomonosov sciences, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni umlando, akulula kangako ukulinganisa, esekelwe emibhalweni yokuqala. Ngokuvamile, nobunzima ekufundeni nokuqonda emisebenzini adalwe kubo ngenxa yokuthi University kuyinto ulimi zakudala. Nokho zokuziphatha-art izici, kuphakeme kakhulu, kanye nesitayela, isakhiwo, futhi yakha obunobunye phelelisa. Lokho Mikhail ethulwa umlando eRussia impilo okukhethekile kanye nobuqotho okwangempela. Wagwema ezwakalisa umbono, futhi "Umlando we-Russian" yakhe wadala ngesisekelo imithombo evuthiwe futhi ahlukahlukene, bazifundele eminyakeni.

Lomonosov ubezama "kuhlanzwe izimpande zomlando" lezwe lethu. Akabanga ukuthi lwamaSlav akuzona abaseSweden, ngakho "Norman" inguqulo kumelwe zibhekwe njengezindawo okungamelwe eyiphutha. Mikhail owakhuluma obala, yize ngokucophelela okukhulu lobukhali ngokumelene umbhedesho isonto. Ngokusho lemfundiso yaba kwakubhekwa ukuthi lwamaSlav zathathwa kusukela umzukulu kaNowa waseBhayibhelini, noMesheki.

amasampula zobumba

Mikhail wenza umnikelo omkhulu ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza zobumba. Ngeshwa, ukwahlulelwa zatholwa naye esimini, wahlala izinto sasivumela ayindlala. I qamba them "amarekhodi Laboratory" (esigabeni "Porcelain isampula") ezinye uquqaba zokupheka zobumba. Enye ingxenye wabo ku "notebook lab '.

Lomonosov waqala ukusebenza phezu zobumba, ngokunokwenzeka kakhulu 1750. Ungadliwa siwachaza, Kuphakathi we 1751-th noma ekuqaleni 1752 alinakusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi wabonisa kamuva zobumba isampula. Nokho, kusobala ukuthi Lomonosov olwenziwa ucwaningo ngokuzimela. Wathatha indlela ehlukile kunaleyo Vinogradov, umngane wakhe. Isiphetho esinjalo kungenziwa shi ngokuqhathanisa mass ngobumba yi abacwaningi ababili. ENyuvesi zingabantu ezimbili ingxenye, ehlanganisa asebenza ngebhethri esindayo ingxenye nobumba. Izisindo kwahluka asebenza ngebhethri izinto kuphela, Clays, ukulungiselela kwangaphambilini - degree yokuwela, calcining, egeza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani izingxenye zabo abamelwe abangu nhlobonhlobo. Vinogradov ingxenye yesithathu lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi flux - usimende (Gypsum).

Ukusebenza KaMose

Mikhail wasebenza KaMose - buka umdwebo omkhulukazi. Wentiwa yini abanesifiso ke yena? Usosayensi wabhala ukuthi abadwebi esetshenziswa imibala eyisisekelo, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye nge ukuxuba. Wayefuna nokubatshela ukuthola emfushane futhi elula ukudlulisa isithombe endleleni.

Mikhail Vasilievich Kwakugcwele futhi stuffy ezindongeni Academy of Sciences. Uzamile ukubaleka kodwa kusukela esitokisini leHhovisi, thola umsebenzi lapho ayengase bona yena nemvelo yakhe ebullient.

Lomonosov balithanda yamatshe, esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba ithole chemical sakhe laboratory. Wayengene bakhangwa nobuciko smalt (ingilazi Alloys anemibala ehlukene) ekumeni awufi imidwebo lasendulo. Ngo 1746 Earl M. Vorontsov ziyabuyiswa eRoma a imisebenzi embalwa KaMose. Endlini Count wayevamile Mikhail Lomonosov.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela "ngemibala emithathu"

Mikhail waqala ukuthuthukisa inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela "ngemibala emithathu". Yiqiniso, kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka umbala isayensi. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ukuhlukahluka imibala has a ngakuthathu. Mikhail wathola izindlela zokuxazulula ezihlukahlukene imisebenti leyentiwako ukuthi manje asetshenziswa amafilimu, ukunyathelisa, umbala izithombe. Lomonosov wazama ukwakha kudivayisi ngalo muntu owayekwazi ukusondela yimuphi umbala ngokukhipha noma ukungeza ezinkulu ezintathu.

"Impi Poltava"

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke umsebenzi KaMose Mikhail - "The Battle of Poltava." Lesi sithombe yakhiwa izingcezu smalt. amakholomu ubude 5 cm ubukhulu - 1-6 kuphela mm. Le Umdwebo odongeni wayezelwe Lomonosov ngokuba uPetru noPawulu Cathedral njengengxenye yochungechunge oluthile lwezinto ezenzeke yamatshe, ibekwe kulesi sakhiwo. Ngu ubukhulu balo msebenzi nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu - ezingaphezu kuka-300 metres square. m. Ngo kwesokunxele ingxenye yalo lubonisa uPetru mina ngehhashi. Yena imelelwa umkhuzi ngokugqamile ohola impi amabutho Russian. Peter bheka siqine futhi ngesibindi, ukuma lobukhosi bakhe. Kulandele nabangane bakhe, phakathi kobani neyaziwayo A. D. Menshikov noB P. Sheremetev. Maphakathi ukwakheka is a soldier elula ubani abavimba yenkosi. Lokhu isosha nge musket sengathi ogodla nesifiso sokufuna uPetru mina singena shí lokulwa abasengozini. Lesi sibalo limelela abantu abavamile. Ngokusho umbhali, indima yakhe akukhona ayibalulekile kunalokho indima uPetru I.

Ngakho, sasuka impumelelo eyinhloko Lomonosov kafushane. Yiqiniso, asitshelwa mayelana yonke impumelelo yale isazi. yonke imisebenzi yayo olubanzi kwelinye sihloko ukumboza nje engenakwenzeka. Kulomcimbi Izikhungo University ezincwadini kanye isiRashiya, i-chemistry, i-geography, i-physics kanye nezinye izindima yolwazi amenze omunye izibalo ebaluleke kunazo zonke emlandweni waleli zwe.