Plateau Afrika East. Likuphi East African Plateau?

Plateau East Afrika itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-"Horn of Africa" - yonke iNhlonhlo waseSomalia, eningizimu ezinkangala zaseEthiopia. Ngempumuzo kule nsimu yabo enkulukazi kakhulu dissected. Lapha, aphakeme entabeni amagquma kuhlangene nezigodi ezijulile yeGreat Rift Valley. ukunyakaza Crustal kuhambisana ukuzamazama komhlaba nokuqhuma kwezintabamlilo. Cishe yonke indawo ungaphakathi subequatorial zone zezulu.

ezinkangala-East African: izifundo ekhulwini XIX

Ingxenye ephakanyiswe zaleli zwekazi eminyaka amaningi iye kahle wafunda. Nakuba amalungu afanayo Kilimanjaro amakhadi asebenzelana kwenye uPtolemy (II-III ekhulwini BC). Kubikwe kwi eneqhwa entabeni isiqongo eduze amatilosi yenkabazwe futhi abathengisi Ephakathi. kwehlukana Colonial ingathiyeki ehlelekile endaweni yocwaningo.

Ekuqaleni njengengxenye yensimu, okuyinto intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Afrika, wayevela eBrithani. Kukhona inguqulo ngo-1889 i-British Queen Victoria wanika Emperor of Germany uWilhelm II (umshana wakhe), mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke ahlala Afrika - Kilimanjaro. Kuze kube ngo-1918, kwakuvamile e-Europe, eyaziwa nangokuthi Isigaxa yayo - "Inani eliphakeme Kaiser Wilhelm". elite Scientific eye wezwakalisa isithakazelo ekuhloleni kule ndawo emashumini eminyaka yokugcina yekhulu XIX, lapho akhwela Kibo German Hans Meyer. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yini owomisa ukugeleza ososayensi kanye nezivakashi abafuna ukubona izintaba-mlilo-giant, namachibi amahle, emagumbini engavamile bemvelo. ETanzania, eKenya nakwamanye amazwe i-East African ukuthuthukisa ezokuvakasha, yakha ngezimali.

Isakhiwo Geological yeMpumalanga Afrika

Ngokuphambene, e-Asia naseMelika, kule ngxenye yomhlaba enwetshiwe kungekho lamagquma sezintaba eligoqiwe, okuyinto alichaza umlando Geological futhi isakhiwo uqweqwe eMhlabeni. Kakhulu ephakeme ngaphezu izinga kwezilwandle, iyunithi wahlukana futhi mobile - East African Plateau. Ukuphakama amaningi ala masimu - 500 kuya 1500 m isisekelo yakhiwa crystalline lasendulo namadwala metamorphic, iminyaka yabo - .. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2 ubudala. Kumila kuyinto Precambrian platform isinqamu pramaterika Gondwana. Ngo ikhava sedimentary kwakhiwa ebusweni. I Cenozoic inkathi bekukhona ukuqhela abalulekile ungqimba lomhlaba, futhi esigabeni lokugcina isakhiwo entabeni lapho kwakuyiphutha zone kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi usishukumisele.

Ukuphakama eliphelele ezinkangala-East African kuka-1000 m. Lonke Insimu libhekene nomsebenzi eliphezulu zokuzamazama komhlaba, ukuzamazama komhlaba, mlilo siyenzeka yesimanje. Ubude ingqikithi izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu emhlabeni yokuphazamiseka zomhlaba ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu kuyinto 6000 km. Amaphutha zivela eMpumalanga Eseduze ngaseLwandle Olubomvu. E-Afrika, sebengaqala esigodini enyakatho-mpumalanga Danakil futhi iphela eningizimu eduze esizalweni somfula. IZambezi.

isikhundla ezindawo

Plains High - ithafa East African - kumephu ihlanganisa indawo enkulukazi kuleli zwekazi, elisesifundeni enyakatho ingxenye kweqa yenkabazwe. Entshonalanga itholakala Congo umcengezi.

Ubude ezinkangala zaseEthiopia iChibi Isi-Nyasa (enyakatho kuya eningizimu) kuyinto 1750 km. Kusukwa entshonalanga kuya e-Indian Ocean coast -1400 km. Le ndawo yasethafeni itholakala empumalanga yezintaba Ruwenzori futhi Virunga afanayo. Iziqongo eziphakeme kunazo zonke ye-cone nama lapha side by side amaphutha ezijulile zomhlaba, izigodi. Kule ndawo kukhona umsuka watersheds main nemifula Afrika (Congo, Nile, Zambezi). Insimu kungokwalabo ahlukene zaleli zwekazi: neKenya, iTanzania Uganda, Zambia, eRwanda, eBurundi, Malawi.

Izici impumuzo endaweni yemvelo

Iziqongo eziyinhloko yasethafeni East African - kuyinto nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo kanye ithule:

• Kilimanjaro (5895 m);
• Kenya (5199 m);
• Kala (4565 m);
• Elgon (4320 m).

Intaba ephakeme kunazo zaleli zwekazi - Kilimanjaro, itholakala e Tanzania. abantu bendawo basibiza ngokuthi "YaseNtabeni Emhlophe," ukuthi "iNdlu KaNkulunkulu, sithwele abandayo." Shining iqhwa elimhlophe kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa of Kilimanjaro abonakala amakhulu amakhilomitha. Dome ezintabeni kwakhiwa yeziqongo ezintathu: emaphakathi - Kibo (5696 m), Oriental - Mawenzi (5149 m), Western - Shire (3962 m). East African Plateau has izinqolobane abalulekile amanzi okuphuza. Olubanzi ukucindezeleka zomhlaba ithatha engajulile (80 m) Victoria Basin - kwekulu kuleli zwekazi futhi yesibili fresh-samanzi endaweni emhlabeni. ukuphakama kwalo ngaphezu kogu lolwandle kuba 1134 m Kule ndawo kunezinye iziqukathi ezingabangela ukungatholi amanzi ahlanzekile -. eLake Tanganyika, Rudolph, Edward, izinguzunga zeqhwa ezintabeni.

amaminerali

EMpumalanga Afrika, izakhiwo crystal abasondelene kwamanzi, okwenza kube lula ukuze useshe, ukuhlola ukukhiqizwa metal imikhando, namatshe ayigugu. Njengengxenye ahlukahlukene izinhlobo zosizo ubuswa hhayi kuphela amatshe endala. Kukhona sedimentary abasha kanye okwakheke mlilo. Leyo ngxenye silibangise ezwenikazi, lapho sekupholile kulezi zindawo eziphakeme oluphezulu eMpumalanga Afrika, ecebile magmatic, metamorphic, sedimentary amatshe, namaminerali. Uhlu amaminerali ekhishwe:

• insimbi, ithini imikhando;
• Noble (igolide), nezinsimbi ezingavamile;
• idayimane ezifakwa:
• eziyigugu Tanzanite itshe ;
• amalahle;
• fluorite.

Izinhlobonhlobo imvelo East African ezinkangala

kulo mkhakha ezwekazini sezulu ithonywa enkabazwe kanye tropical emoyeni uquqaba ukwakha zonyaka - ezimanzi futhi omile. Phansi le ntaba-mlilo, elibheke e-Indian Ocean, kwezulu ingaphezu emithambekeni esentshonalanga. East African Plateau - kuyinto emathafeni futhi Amathafa, okuyinto ubuswa amathafa kanye nasemahlathini. Plantation izitshalo asidlulisela ukuphakama 1800 m izitshalo ejwayelekile -. Utshani Obudlondlobele, izihlahla, ama-baobab ngesiNgisi olulodwa, isambulela ngomuthi nezinye izihlahla. Phakathi kwezilwane lwaseMpumalanga Afrika ubuswa ungulates herbivorous, carnivores, nezinyoni zamanzi.

Ngo amathafa avuke izakhiwo umuhlwa, izinyoka ngokuvamile atholakala, izibankwa nezimfudu. Enyakatho Tanzania welula a ezinkangala enkulu wentaba-mlilo nokubalela edumile emhlabeni Crater (Caldara) Ngorongoro ububanzi 22 km. Ezansi - Lake Magadi, Savannah Biosphere Reserve of the gama elifanayo. Kule ngxenye nezwekazi (entshonalanga wentaba Ngorongoro Highlands) itholakala Olduvai Gorge, lapho kukhona khona izinsalela zabantu lasendulo atholakele owayehlala 2 million. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, amathambo izilwane ezibulawa ngokukhishwa kwabo, bakudala izimbazo itshe futhi scrapers.

Izintaba-mlilo, futhi amathafa ase-Afrika bakhangwa inqwaba izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ukugeleza ngobukhulu engena kwesikhathi kusuka ngoJuni kuze September. Ukuze ucwaningo kanye nokongiwa wonke ukwehluka yemvelo, nakwezokuvakasha inhlangano ezinkangala-East African wadala amapaki ezinkulu kazwelonke kanye izinqolobane.