Izikhangiso zenkcubeko, zomlando nezemvelo zesifunda saseTver

Isifunda saseTver sinokubonakala okuvelele kwemvelo nemlando namasiko. Lesi esinye sezifunda ezidume kakhulu zaseRussia zezivakashi. Ifa layo lomlando lihlukile. Ubuhle bemvelo yesifunda kuyamangalisa, futhi inqwaba yezikhumbuzo zomlando nezamasiko yenza kube mnandi futhi kukhangele. Izinto ezitholakala esifundeni saseTver zixhumene ngqo nomlando wesifunda, nabantu bayo abavelele nabadumile ababehlala kuleli zwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene.

Endleleni "evela kuma-Varangi kuya kumaGreki"

Isifunda saseTver sisebenze isikhathi esihlala kuyo. Emkhawulweni wawo kwakuyizindlela zokuhweba ezindala kunazo zonke: i-Volga-Baltic futhi "ukusuka kuma-Varangi kuya kumaGrike", futhi indawo ephakathi kwezihloko ezimbili zanikele kakhulu enkambeni yezomnotho, yezomlando, yezinto zokwakha. Izikhungo eziyinhloko zezivakashi ezisezweni lazo yiLake Seliger, iTverskoe Poozerie, uhlelo lwamachibi esiFundazweni sase-Upper Volga, iBehehetsky Top, neSifunda seToropets. Kusuka emizini iTver, Vyshny Volochek, Staritsa, Torzhok, Toropets, Kalyazin, Rzhev nabanye okuthakazelisa kakhulu. Kunezindawo eziningi zasendulo: Ivanishchi, Gorodnya, Bernovo, Mednoe, Kushalino, Vydropuzhsk, Rogozha.

Idlule emlandweni

Isifunda saseTver asikho ngaphandle kwesizathu esibizwa ngokuthi inhliziyo yaseRussia. Omunye wemizi yasendulo yaseRussia - iTver - yaziwa kusukela ngo-1135. Ukubaluleka okukhulu kweTver, okuyinto eyisikhungo esiyinhloko sokudala umbuso waseRussia, ikhona njengokwakheka kwezwe ozimele kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-15. Esikhathini esedlule esidume futhi esiqhakazile esidlule, impilo yanamuhla yesifunda, igcwele izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo, yabonakala ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zomlando nezamasiko. Naphezu kokuhluka okuphawulekayo kwezindawo zasemadolobheni nasemaphandleni, phakathi kokuphila okusha njengeziqhingi eziphilayo zomlando kuhlale kubonakala izinto zasendulo esifundazweni saseTver, kubonisa ubuhle bokwakhiwa kwe-Ancient Rus. Lezi yizinsimbi zemimoya, amasonto enziwe ngamapulangwe, amathuna angcwaba ama-Slavic, avela ekhulwini lama-12 kuya ku-14, nabanye abaningi.

Izikhumbuzo zomlando

I-Nilova Pustyn ibhekwa njengendawo engcwele yenarha yomhlaba weTver. Lena yindwendwe edumile kunazo zonke yesifunda, isungulwe ngekhulu le-XVI. Lesi sifundazwe siyaziwa futhi ngezikhumbuzo zamasiko omuntu. Ngakho-ke, emva kokuvakashela iTorzhok, kuwufanelekile ukuvakashela izindawo ezibizwa ngokuthi uMitino, Nikolskoe, uRajek, owaziwa yizobuciko zesifundazwe saseRussia esifundazweni. Izidleke ezihloniphekile, ezihlukile ngobukhulu nezakhiwo, nazo zimelelwe kwezinye izifunda zesifunda. Le manor Podgorodne, Kuropatkin noMikhailovskoye esifundeni saseToropetsky, umphathi wezakhiwo u-A. S. Khrenov esifundeni saseBogovsky nabanye. Umuzi waseGornitsa, osemzaneni omncane wesifunda saseVivinovsky, uyathandeka ukuvakashela. Lapha ungabona isonto eliyingqayizivele lamatshe elilondoloziwe likaVladimir.

E-Tver ngokwayo phakathi kwezinto zobuciko zokwakha kufanelekile ukugqamisa i-Tver Imperial Road Palace, eyakhiwe ngekhulu le-XVIII futhi igcinwe ngesitayela se-classicism nokufakwa kwezinto zeBaroque. Inhloso yalo enkulu kwakuwukunikeza amalungu omndeni ka-Emperor ukuphumula endleleni esuka ePetersburg ukuya eMoscow. Manje esigodlweni yi-gallery ye-art yeTver, ebizwa ngokuthi ingcebo enkulu yedolobha.

I-Palace Palace isendaweni yasendaweni yangaphambili yomlando wedolobha - i-Tver Kremlin. Esigodini Somuzi ungabona amantombazane asele ase-serf moat. I-Kremlin ngokwayo ayibuyisiwe ngemuva komlilo wokugcina ngo-1763.

Phakathi kwezindawo eziningi zesifunda esifundeni saseTver, idolobha elikhangayo likaKimry limelela ukubonakala kwalo. Lesi isibonelo esihle kakhulu "sedolobhana lesimanje sesifundazwe saseRashiya".

Amathempeli esifundeni se-Tver

Kunoma yikuphi, ngisho nedolobhana elincanyana kunazo zonke esifundeni, ungathola izinto ezibukwayo zomlando, phakathi kwazo izindawo eziningi ezithatha amasonto esifundeni saseTver. Ngakho, i-Red Hill iyathakazelisa ngemigqa yokuhweba egcinwe yangekhulu le-XIX, amathempeli ekhulu le-XVIII-XIX. Nansi i-Monastery yase-Antoniev, eyakhiwe ngekhulu le-XV.

EVyshny Volochok, esekelwe ohlelweni lwamagagasi neziqhingi, ezaziwayo Izinto zokufunda esifundeni saseTver, njengeTransfiguration Church neConvent Convent. E-Torzhok iCathhedral ye-Boris neGleb Monastery yiyona edume kakhulu.

Kusukela ekubukeni kwezokuvakasha, idolobha elihle kakhulu eVolga Staritsa liyathakazelisa. Tver ezikhangayo esifundeni lapha yonke ubuhle bayo basendulo. Amasonto amaningi amasonto kanye namasonto ngabanye ahlukaniswa ngenye yezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele, okusobala ukuthi azihambisani namathoni angasungulwa. Kusukela ezikhumulweni zezakhiwo zamatje e-Staritsa kunezindwendwe ze-Uspensky, ezisungulwe ngo-1297. Ithempeli, elizungezwe udonga oluqinile lwamatshe, lalondolozwa nazo zonke izakhiwo. Emadolobheni kukhona nezakhiwo ezikhangayo zezakhiwo zekhulu le-XVIII: Isonto lasePyatnitskaya elinamahle angama-chapel-rotundas, elitholakala ngaphansi kwesakhiwo esidala, isonto lase-Ilyinsky ngesitayela saseBaroque, iSt. Nicholas Church, esifanelana kahle ne-panorama ye-Volga. Ukukhangwa okwedlulele kwedolobhana liyi-Aptekarskiy lane, umgwaqo oyingqayizivele, okwamanje eRussia awusatholakali.

"Umuzi wenhliziyo yaseRussia," umdwebo oqondile owenza umfula wendawo ozungeza idolobha elincane lasendulo, ubizwa ngokuthi iKashin. Tver ezikhangayo esifundeni Lapha kubonisa ukuhlukahluka okukhulu. Indawo eyaziwa kakhulu iye yagcina izikhumbuzo eziningi zokwakha. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-Ilinsko-Preobrazhenskaya (1778), iFrolo-Lavrovskaya (1751), amasonto asePetropavlovsk (1782) nabanye. "I-Cathedral House", eyayikhonza njengendlu yabapristi beCathedral yovuko, iGostiny Dvor kanye nezindawo zangaphambili ze-Presence ezangekhulu le-19, nazo ziphawuleka ngokukhethekile.

Ithempeli lasendulo kunazo zonke endaweni yeTver yiSonto le-White Trinity, elahlukaniswa ngo-1564. Ithempeli laliyingxenye yeZiqu-zintathu-iSergius Monastery futhi yalalelwa ukukhokha intela kumbhishobhi wendawo, okusolakala ukuthi wathola igama lakhe.

I-Cathedral of the Dormition, eyakhiwe ngo-1722, iyathakazelisa. Lona kuphela isakhiwo eTver, esilondolozwe esitokisini sase-Otroch-Uspensky lasendulo, esasungulwa ngekhulu le-XIII. Enye yobuciko obuyingqayizivele yendawo yokwakhiwa kwamasonto kaTver yiSt. Catherine's Church (1774-1781), eyenziwe ngesitayela seBaroque ngezandiso zangempela ngesitayela se-classicism.

Amamyuziyamu esifundeni saseTver

Amamyuziyamu amaningi athakazelisayo angavakashelwa ngenkathi ejikeleza indawo. E-Tver ngokwayo kuyimyuziyamu yeM ME uSaltykov-Shchedrin, yavulelwa iminyaka engu-150 yomlobi osongayo endlini yakhe lapho ehlala khona, ebambe isikhundla se-vice-governor of the city. Lona imininingwana ye-Tver ehlanganisiwe yombuso, evuliwe ngo-1866. Izimpawu zakhe eziyingqayizivele zitshela ngomlando, isiko kanye nemvelo yesifunda. Futhi i-museum ye-Tver yokuphila kanye neminyuziyamu yamasiko ezempi, okuvezwa kuzo izikhali zaseRussia zasendulo ze-IV-XVI leminyaka.

I-museum kuphela emkhakheni womlando wemvelo yiM Museum of Nature yeSeliger Territory, evuliwe ngo-1986.

Emzaneni wase-Emawusi, eduze kwaseTver, kukhona i-VA Serov Memorial Art Museum, ummeli wobuciko bokusebenzisana kwezenhlalo. Isisekelo sokwembulwa yimisebenzi yokuqala yenkosi, ekhuluma ngokuphila kwakhe nendlela yokudala.

E-Torzhok, i-Architectural and Ethnographic Open-Air Museum, i- All-Russian Historical and Ethnographic Museum ifanele ukunakwa okukhethekile.

Izikhumbuzo zemvelo

Uma ucabanga ukuthi yini ongayibona esifundeni saseTver, yikuphi okunye okuzokwakhiwa yisifunda, ungakhohlwa ukuthi lokhu kunqenqemeni lwamachibi amaningi, imifula nezinhlanzi ezihle kakhulu. Kulapha ukuthi iVolga ivela. Umthombo wayo uyisikhumbuzo esingokwemvelo esiyingqayizivele sokubaluleka kwezwe. E-Volgoverkhov, ungavakashela ihlane le-Spaso-Transfiguration elisungulwe ngo-1849, umyuziyamu ozinikezele ku-Great Volga.

Izikhangayo zemvelo zesifunda saseTver Ayingqayizivele futhi ayinakuphikiswa. Kukhona into okufanele uyijabulele. Ubuhle obuhle bemvelo yezwe babuphefumulela umculi I. I. Shishkin ukubhala umdwebo odumile "ekuseni e-Pine Forest" nase "Ship Forest".

Esinye seziqephu zomhlaba ezihle kunazo zonke futhi ezidumile zesifunda yiLake Seliger. Lona uhlelo lonke lwamachibi, ukwakha imigwaqo nezindawo eziningi. Umbono omuhle wechibi uvula kusukela enqabeni yensimbi ye-Nilov Desert Monastery.

Isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke seSeliger yiKhachin. Le ndawo evikelekile ihlanganiswe nenethiwekhi yamachibi angaphakathi. Ekwindla, isimangaliso sangempela semvelo sibizwa ngokuthi i-rowan grove esesinye isiqhingi saseSeliger - Klichen.

Izwe laseTver lizoshiya izinkumbulo ezimnandi isikhathi eside. Kwakungekhona ngengozi ukuthi wayelokhu eheha i-intelligentsia yaseRussia yokudala ngothando lwakhe.