Umqondo ophathelene nokwelelesa: kwemvelo ngesikhathi

Kuze kube manje, omunye-ucezu futhi umthetho lobugebengu emthethweni ingakamiswa wathola futhi kukhiqizwa. Futhi kunezizathu ezimbili ezinhle. Okokuqala, umthetho lobugebengu - ukuthi wemboni ezimele kanye sphere eyimfihlo kolwazi lwesayensi isiyalo zomthetho futhi academic igama elifanayo, ukufunda Ochwepheshe esizayo. Okwesibili, sibheke umqondo kanye nezinhloso umthetho lobugebengu ezweni lethu lishintshe izikhathi eziningana phakathi nesikhathi esiningi.

Igama elithi "Criminal" beza kithi ezivela eRussia lasendulo. Okhokho bethu ngokuthi ukuze ingxenye yomthetho (ukhuluma ngani izimboni ngalezo zinsuku akwenzi ingqondo), okuyinto sinquma isijeziso ngenxa ngezenzo ezesabekayo engamukelekile - ubugebengu. Ukuze icala icala kungaba ikhanda wemfanelo, okungukuthi ukuphila kwakhe. Isigwebo sokufa kwaba isijeziso ezivamile. umthetho iselelesi sasibulawa kwangethusa ithonya kubantu. Injongo umthetho lobugebengu kwaba ukuvimbela izimpi umphakathi. NgeNkathi Ephakathi umangalelwa nofana umangali yayimiswe kuphela ekwelapheni isisulu. Yiqiniso, ke umqondo ophathelene nokwelelesa, olufanele kulesi sikhathi samanje, kumane kungavumi zimiswe.

Khona-ke, nge ekuqiniseni isimo izinhlamvu ziqala ukwakheka kwezitho ezithile futhi izakhiwo ehilelekile uphenyo nokulahla izigebengu. Isethi yokuqala iziqondiso kuphela isigebengu zomthetho ekhishwe ngaphansi sikaPeter Omkhulu futhi wabizwa ngokuthi Ukumaka lempi. Kamuva, lapho uCatherine Commission walungisa Charter of the deanery, okuyinto wagcizelela indima ekhethekile uHulumeni amabandla omphakathi emthethweni lobugebengu. Ngokwemvelo, kulesigaba umqondo ophathelene nokwelelesa kakhulu ukushintshwa. Injongo eyinhloko isijeziso ubelokhu eqashelwa emfundweni indoda isakhamuzi ehloniphekayo. Ngo nenkathi imfundo isevisi isimo lalibhekwa komsebenzi engokwemvelo wonkhe umhlali ihloniphekile futhi iletha ubugebengu ngesikhathi ngumphakathi anti-wombuso kanye ukuziphatha okubi.

Kusukela ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, kukhona imisebenzi yesayensi enikelwe izindaba zomthetho kanye nemvelo yezenhlalakahle zobugebengu nesijeziso. Umbhali yencwadi yokuqala yokujeziswa Osip Goregliad. Ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye kule lwasekhaya ngesayensi yezenhlalo kanye womuntu bakwazi ukungena ethandwa entshonalanga imicabango ezintweni ezinhle. Manje, lapho kunyatheliswa omagazini ngcono uhlelo lokujeziswa umbhali udonsa hhayi kuphela imicabango yabo nezinto ezicatshangwayo, kodwa futhi ukuba nakho, ukuhlolwa, observation uyakulahlwa.

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, waphinda, ukubukeka okusha ngaleso umqondo futhi isihloko umthetho lobugebengu. emthethweni iziNyathelo ongqondongqondo zangaphambi wamavukelambuso waqaphela njengoba sibi, kukhona ukwenqatshwa komthetho yasebukhosini kanye ukwamukelwa of imithetho emisha. Lapho umthetho lobugebengu ngokuyinhloko isimo, hhayi umphakathi. Ivunyelwe ukusebenzisa esifanisweni esisenze yomthetho kanye namalungelo, futhi ngayinye "okunganambitheki" uhlelo party namandla ngamunye "isitha sabantu" ungakwazi sithathe sihloko. Ikhodi kuvula nge sigaba ubugebengu ngokumelene nombuso. Umuntu womuntu okungavikelwe kahle, amacala ayebekwe umuntu bachazwa kuphela phakathi komthetho lobugebengu. Kungokwemvelo ukuba ngaphansi kwethonya isikhathi, ngaphansi kwethonya izinqubo setepolitiki kule lizwe, umqondo ophathelene nokwelelesa siphazamisekile.

Russia Post-Soviet ongene isigaba esisha ukuthuthukiswa yomthetho. Namuhla wacabangela amacala abucayi kakhulu kumuntu, futhi zonke ukwakhiwa zihlukaniswe labo zazo ezazivuswa uma kushushiswa zomphakathi, labo lapho ukuqala ekuqhutshweni kumele kube nesitatimende isisulu, futhi ngesikhathi kushushiswa yangasese. Kungenzeka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze emthethweni yasekhaya kuyoba umqondo wezomthetho obaluleke komthetho lobugebengu.