ABS uhlelo. Anti-lock braking system: isiqu, idivayisi, isimiso yokusebenza. Ukopha ukubopha ABS

Car ukubopha izinhlelo, libhekene kahle eliphezulu, kwezinye izimo, kungaholela okuvela kuyo ingozi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi phakathi isondo unyathela amabhuleki ngokuphelele ivinjiwe futhi iphele traction ne endleleni. Futhi akusiyo njalo umshayeli ongenalwazi hhayi angabhekana ngayo imoto ukunciphisa ijubane ngokushesha. Ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka ku skid nesondo Ilokhi kungenzeka ngokuchofoza ukubopha ngakanye. Kukhona uhlelo ABS ukuthi yakhelwe ukuvimbela izimo eziyingozi ngenkathi ushayela. Ithuthukisa izinga adhesion kwamanzi komgwaqo futhi azigcina ukulawula izimoto, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo Ukusabalala.

Umgomo we operation

Mshini kohlelo ingafaniswa izenzo umshayeli osengumakad 'ebona. Lena obonakalayo ikakhulukazi ku ezineqhwa, lapho amasondo on the esengozini ekuvimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyafaneleka ezenzakalelayo ukubopha amandla ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokulondolozwa ezokuthutha esimeme.

Ukusebenza kusekelwe umphumela ukubopha uketshezi kule indlela isondo. Lokhu kuyabasiza kubenze ukubukeka braking amandla ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo endleleni namasondo. Imfuyo lo mphumela kwenzeka kuphela iphuzu isethi, ukushelela ngenxa ayeke Ukujikeleza ngenye ukugqanyiswa.

Yilokhu iba yimbangela ejwayelekile abanikazi imoto ingase ilahlekelwe ukulawula. Esikhathini control unit kudivayisi uthola zimpawu kusuka izinzwa abafanele, ngemva kwalokho kukhona ukwehla ingcindezi ohlelweni ukubopha, degree of isinyathelo ukucindezeleka akunandaba.

Lokho Okufanele Ukwazi

ABS moto ine isici esisodwa esasenza esakhiwa ekunqumeni okusithiyayo sesondo ngayinye. Kokulinganisa ingcindezi uketshezi kwenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuba ukunyakaza iba umuntu omdala ophumelelayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukushayela imoto ngaphandle amabhuleki kanye ifakwe lesi simiso umehluko othize. Kulo mBhalo, ungacindezela ngokuphepha ukubopha, bengabheki ukuthi amathuba Ukuvinjwa. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi abashayeli abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuncane kanye okokuqala ebhekene kwalokho efanayo.

Ukopha ukubopha ABS

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenza, kufanele sinake imicu inyunyana. Uma liqukethe iminonjana nokugqwala, kumele aphathe ebusweni nge kwakwakhe ekhethekile, lokhu ngeke kuvimbele ukulimala ngentambo.

On the kufaneleka isilinda esifanelana hose esobala, ekupheleni okuyinto yesibili lehliselwa emgqonyeni. Gear isigwedlo kumele ibe hlangothi. Ingcindezi ukubopha isinyathelo kwenziwa ngaphambi ekuqaleni ukumelana. Ngo inqubo nokubamba isinyathelo unscrewed union, ngemva kufanele mbeni phansi. Ungakwazi basiyeka kuphela ngemva kokuqina spigot. Ngo inqubo umsebenzi ubaluleke ethile njalo unezela ukubopha uketshezi, kuyoba ukuvimbela ingress emoyeni ku circuit.

Ihlola izinga lomsebenzi

Ukopha amabhuleki ne ABS akhiqizwa on ngamunye wesondo. Kulokhu, uketshezi ukubopha akufanele kube bubble kancane. Isinyathelo lokugcina ukuhlola isinyathelo freewheel nokungeza ketshezi ukuze kuzuzwe ezingeni oyifunayo. Futhi kuwufanele ukuqinisekisa yobunzima ukuminyana ukukhweza ngamunye izingxenye.

ukusebenza sekukonke kungenzeka ihlolwe ngokucindezela isinyathelo ukubopha amasekhondi angu-15 e-injini ugijima. Ngalesi sikhathi, imizuzwana embalwa kufanele baphenduke inkomba yazisa nge self. Uma lutho okwenzekayo, kusho ukuthi kukhona ukungasebenzi ABS uhlelo. Hlola nge deceleration ehlelekile kuzokwandisa ukuhlola ikhwalithi yomsebenzi.

design

Uhlelo siqukethe izingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko:

• iyunithi wokubacindezela;
• i control unit ngogesi;
• isivinini isondo izinkomba.

Ngokuvamile, izinzwa bahlinza isimiso kagesi. Zakhiwa ikhoyili letinalokubalulekile ekhethekile. Lamanje kazibuthe ngaphakathi izinguquko inzwa ngenxa ukunyakaza anemifantu namazinyo kwesondo umqhele phakathi ukujikeleza. I electronic control unit uthola izitshengiselo futhi inquma ijubane ukujikeleza. Esebenzisa amatafula ekhethekile ECU sinquma i elikhulu unyathela amabhuleki algorithm, ngezinga esiphezulu ukubopha ingcindezi kanye nekhwalithi komzila womgwaqo. I-control unit kukhona modulators ukuthi unquma izinga elifanele nengcindezi yokuba amasondo. Uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga izibani umsebenzi ukungasebenzi inkomba ukuthi yazisa umshayeli ukuthi ABS liyadingeka ngoba uyayazi imbangela.

isithunzi

ukusatshalaliswa Imifula yakhona ABS atholwe sibonga izinzuzo eziningi, phakathi okuyizinto lokhu okulandelayo:

• asikho isidingo ukutadisha okusithiyayo ngezindlela ezahlukene;
• the isinyathelo igesi akudingi ukulawula olunzulu, okuyinto ebaluleke ikakhulukazi abashayeli imfundamakhwela;
• ukuqaliswa aqondisa nge unyathela amabhuleki kanyekanye;
• braking ikhono kunoma iyiphi ingxenye ukujikeleza.

amaphutha

Naphezu lula ukusetshenziswa, anti-lock braking izinhlelo abakwazi ukuba panacea ngazo zonke izinkathazo endleleni, elihlobene ne okusithiyayo. Akukhona ngaphandle izici zayo ezingezinhle, ezihlanganisa ukungabikho kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa aqondisa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Futhi uzinake okulandelayo:

• kuyinto ematfuba ukubambezeleka uhlelo, njengoba ukusebenza kwawo ngokugcwele kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva ukuzimisela Coefficient adhesion amasondo kanye ebusweni komgwaqo kanye nokuhlolwa izinga sewebhu;
• umshayeli akulawuli inqubo unyathela amabhuleki, yingakho-anti-lock ABS uhlelo iba ezingalindelekile;
• traction Coefficient ingabalwa ngokungalungile lapho izinguquko njalo enamathela engalingani komgwaqo, ngenxa okuyinto kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle;
• ABS ayisebenzi ngesivinini esingaphansi 10 km / h, lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi esindayo izimoto armored noma, njengoba kulokhu, kakhulu kwandisa ibanga unyathela amabhuleki futhi kukhona okungenzeka ingozi;
• yinkimbinkimbi ukusebenza enhlabathini elomile okuxekethile ngenxa nokuqedwa amasondo kancane ekuvimbeni.

Uma usebenzisa kufanele inake zonke izici nemiphumela ethile engathandeki. ABS yakhelwe sikwazi ukulawula imoto egcwele phakathi unyathela amabhuleki kanzima. Ngakho umshayeli singathembela ukushayela imoto futhi akwazi ukuhamba phakathi unyathela amabhuleki. Inhlanganisela yalawo izici kwenza uhlelo umsizi ngempumelelo endleleni futhi kwandisa ukuphepha umshayeli nabagibeli. umnikazi imoto, ukuba ne nakho ngokwanele, wakwazi kanjani ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima ngaphandle kosizo uhlelo, kodwa kakhulu abashayeli abangenalwazi.

ukuhlola

Lapho iphutha kwenzeka, uhlelo ABS imoto eyeka ngokushesha, ngenxa yalokho imikhawulo zinyamalale uhlelo unyathela amabhuleki of emotweni. Umshayeli singakwazi ukubona ukuthi inkinga ivela ku isibani yisixwayiso ogibele aphambi komtshina. Sifo zingenziwa ngezindlela eziningana, kuye ngokuthi izinhlobo kudivayisi nonyaka ukwakhiwa. Imbangela ezivame kakhulu kuyinto fuse okuyiphutha.

Okokuqala udinga ukuhlola isixhumi futhi uqiniseke akukho umonakalo. Futhi banake isimo babashayeli kanye nezixhumanisi. Bafanele babe yasibamba Friend kanye surface flat ngaphandle scuffs nokuklwebheka angabangela short circuit.

Ukumiswa kwebhuloho (ukwesekwa nezihlanganiso ezengeziwe) kanye amabombo kufanele kuhlolelwe khona ukudlala izinga ngokubulawa. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ukuze futha ephezulu ingcindezi. Kuyadingeka ukuba unqamule isixhumi futhi babiza voltage futha ivela ibhethri isikhathi esifushane. Ungasebenzisa ezimbili babashayeli yiluphi uhlobo. Uma iqala ukusebenza, ungakwazi uqhubekele ukusihlola.

izinzwa

On the izakhi inzwa nesivinini yabo kumele kube zimpawu umonakalo namabala. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthandwa okwandayo izinzwa asebenzayo sezinzwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona amathuba amaningi ukuthi abakwazi ukuqhosha nozakwabo yekwentiwa. Sinenkosi unewashi futhi babike lapho kuba ukunquma isivinini ezimbili ngokunemba esiphezulu. Amadivayisi nge ukunemba efanayo nesilinganiso asetshenziswa izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nakwamanye amadivaysi anti-theft satellite navigation. Inzuzo yabo omkhulu is klamo ezihlangene.