Umlando wokunyathelisa noma lokho abantu yasungulwa iphepha

Ukubuza imibuzo ngalokho abantu yasungulwa iphepha, kufanele ucabangele ukuyiprinta indaba okuvela ukuthuthukiswa lokubhala eGibhithe, iBhabhiloni kanye China. Lapha kulapho kokuba ezintathu ohlelweni ukuphrinta main.

EGibhithe ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule ezibaziweyo ezilandisayo zomlando phezu kwala matshe kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe. Futhi izimpawu ebhaliwe zitholakale emanxiweni isitini ka eBhabhiloni. Ancient Imitapo babe irekhodi ngamapulangwe nobumba, futhi kamuva - on the itshe neyethusi amapuleti.

Inqubekela kwaba ukutholakala kwe-papyrus njengoba impahla ngokubhala, abantu eGibhithe. Kodwa ngenxa ukusatshalaliswa kunomkhawulo ngesitshalo sebungu, kanye nobunzima e womshini yayo, uhlobo olusha lokubhala impahla - isikhumba, okuhlala. Nokho, zonke lezi zinto ayifanele ukuphrinta mass izincwadi, kwakudinga kudalwa izinto ezintsha eshibhile. Ngakho, leli phephandaba yasungulwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Nokho, abantu abaningi unemibuzo mayelana iphepha yasungulwa lapho ezweni.

Ngo zinganekwane eziningi ngonyaka kuyo 153 BC e China yasungulwa ephepheni. Akumangazi, ngoba yilona lizwe abadumile ncwadi ukuhlakanipha, ngakho njalo babona isidingo sokuba i material engabizi ngokubhala. I impahla eluhlaza for kwaba fiber ngoqalo kamalibhele isihlahla. Umsunguli Tai Lun tenderize lezi izingxenye nepepper futhi ungqimba okuholela kwakhiwa kusukela amashidi, eyaziwa ngokuthi "shi". Njengoba Chinese amagxolo omuthi pestle ekwehlukaniseni endwangwini, ingxube wafakwa batheleka emathileyi ezinkulu, phansi okuyinto ngithuka imicu emincane ngoqalo. Ngemva ingilazi yamanzi, iphepha amashidi omile phezu flat ugcwele zidwedwe ubudala futhi bamboo. Ngandlela-thile kamuva, ikhwalithi iphepha kuyathuthuka ngokungeza isitashi ngesikhathi yokukhiqiza yayo. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi ungeze glue udayi yemvelo ahlukahlukene.

Nokho, ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule kuze esenyakatho ezifundazweni China satholakala Baots emhumeni ethuneni noma amakhasi amaphepha zitholakala eziphathelene BC II leminyaka. Ososayensi, owayefundelwa isikhathi eside, abanye abantu yasungulwa iphepha, ekugcineni bathola impendulo yalo mbuzo. Bathola ukuthi le elenziwe Hemp nosilika, okuyinto ikhiqizwa imifece amacimbi engaphelele. Ngokusho kweminye legends abesifazane Chinese okuphekiwe kasilika imifece agezwa nepepper kuze kuze uginindela etholwe, ngemva kwalokho amashidi kwaphumela ishile. Leli phepha ibizwa ngokuthi "uhala", inani layo siphakeme ngokwanele, njengoba impahla eluhlaza for yokukhiqiza yayo kwakubiza kakhulu.

Ezikhathini Tai Lun iphepha kwaba impahla ezivamile hhayi kuphela ngokubhala kodwa futhi ezinye izinjongo eziningi. Nokho, iphepha abantu Chinese kwaba ethile abalulekile - kwaba okuxekethile, ngakho upende, okuyinto lisetshenziswa ke ngokubhala, esakaza, njengoba kalula kakhulu zidabukile.

Ukuba ulwazi mayelana ukuthi abantu yasungulwa iphepha, ungabona kanjani ubuchwepheshe basakaza yokukhiqiza babo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngakho, ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa yayo   kancane kancane ke iyiswe West, ngokuba ingxenye isiko bezinye izizwe. Kancane kancane, isiShayina ukudlula iphepha indlela ePheresiya, Arabia, Egypt, futhi kulawa mazwe - eYurophu. Kusukela ngekhulu xv, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma iphepha uqala zikhule, kodwa kwaba isintu impela. Ngokwesibonelo, wasebenzisa ukwenziwa iphepha mass, nepepper mallets lokhuni ngesandla esigqulweni nge phansi anezikhala.

Leso senzakalo esibalulekile njengoba kokusungulwa iphepha eChina useke waba lonke kanye nomhlaba nethonya elikhulu, ngoba okokuqala e komlando wesintu, abantu baye bahileleka into etholakala ngokubhala, engesiyo esikhundleni sakhe namuhla. Okwamanje, i-Tai Lun ubhekwa umsunguli enkulu emlandweni China nje kuphela kodwa futhi wonke lwesintu. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona umbuzo ngalokho abantu yasungulwa iphepha, kuphephile ukuphetha ngokuthi lokhu abantu okukhulu Chinese.