Ukufakwa kwe-Baikal: isakhiwo, ukukhululeka, izinhlelo zezintaba, izici

Ukuguqa kwe-Baikalian kuvela ezikhathini ze-tectogenesis, futhi itholakala eSiberia. Leli gama laqalwa yi-geologist uShatsky kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye ekhulwini elidlule ekuhlonipheni leli gama legama elifanayo, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi lesi sigaba sendawo sakha.

Lesi sihloko sichaza ukubunjwa kanye nezici zokubuthwa. Lolu lwazi luzosiza ukwazi okwengeziwe ngale ndawo yeplanethi.

Isakhiwo sokubuthwa

Lolu hlelo oluhlanjululwe lwakha ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezifunda ezimbili - i-Baikal ne-Yenisei. Inomngcele ongaphandle nangaphakathi, nomngcele ophakathi kwabo uyindawo ephuma eLwandle LwaseBaikal eya kuMama River. Izifunda ze-Baikal ukugoqa zihlukaniswe zibe zangaphandle nangaphakathi. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa izinto ezicebile emadwaleni asendulo.

Izici

Isici esiyinhloko esimisweni se-Baikal ipulazi ukuthi sakhiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (sonke isigaba sokugcina seProterozoic), futhi ama-massifs ayo asezindaweni eziningi ze-Urals, iTaimyr, Kazakhstan, iCaucasus, i-Iran, iTien Shan nabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Baikalites avamile kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Ngokwesibonelo, eFrance, eNdiya, eNyakatho Melika, e-Australia. Kodwa-ke, kulezi zindawo kukhona, kunalokho, ama-analogs (iKadom, Minaas, Musgravedy). Ukubuthwa kwe-Baikal "kuhlanganisa" futhi kuyingxenye ye-Brazil, elisegwini loLwandle Olubomvu.

Esikhathini seBaikal tectogenesis, amapulatifomu amaningi ngaleso sikhathi akhiwa ngenxa yemisele ye-tectonic, kamuva eyaqala ukugcwala ngamatshe ahlukahlukene . Ngenxa yomsebenzi wokugaya nokucwaninga emkhakheni we-geophysics, imifantu efanayo yafunyanwa kwamanye amapulatifomu - i-East Europe neSiberia. Ngisho naseningizimu yeplanethi (ezingxenyeni ze-Antarctic), lokhu kufakwa kwakha amapulatifomu afana nezinqubo ze-metamorphic and magnetic.

Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu

Izintaba zezintaba, ezinokufakwa kwe-Baikal, ziyingxenye engxenyeni eseningizimu yeSiberia. Lezi zihlanganisa iTransbaikalia nesifunda saseBaikal, lapho intaba ye-Olekma itholakala khona ngamapulangwe (Vitim, Baikal) nasezintabeni (Charskoye, Patomskoye naseSeverobaikalskoye). Lezi zingxenye zingaphansi kwe-glaciation. Lapha zikhona izintaba eziphansi nezintaba, ezitholakala eceleni komgwaqo wephutha.

Ukubuthwa kwe-Baikal kucebile kwinani elikhulu lemithombo yemvelo. Ukukhululeka kuyinto ekhethekile kakhulu kulolu hlelo kunezinhlawulo ezihlukahlukene (isibonelo, ithusi, i-mercury, igolide, i-tin, i-zinc nabanye). Futhi, njengoba igama libonisa, ukukhangiswa okubaluleke kakhulu kwezokuvakasha yiLake Baikal, elinomumo wenyanga. Itholakala ohlelweni lwezintaba zaseBaikal, lizungezwe nxazonke ngamagquma. Amathafa alawa ndawo futhi akhange abavakashi.

Ichibi iBaikal

Ukubuthwa kwe-Baikal yindawo engavamile ngempela. Ukuthi kukhona ichibi elilodwa kuphela, okushiwo ukuthi liphakeme kancane. Ubude bayo bungaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayikhulu namakhulu ayisithupha, kanti indawo yonke ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu ezikwele. I-Km. Njengoba sekuyaziwa abaningi, yizona ezijulile kakhulu emhlabeni. Kwezinye izindawo, ukujula kufinyelela emakhilomitha angaphezu kweyodwa nengxenye, futhi uma sithatha isilinganiso, cishe ngamakhulu ayisikhombisa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi imifula eminingi (engaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu) igeleza ku-Baikal, kodwa eyodwa kuphela ilandela - i-Angara. Emanzini angenayo, ngaphezu kwengxenye emfuleni. Selenge. Kuneziqhingi eziningana eBaikal, enkulu kunayo yonke i-Olkhon. Kuthiwa ukuthi leli chibi lakhiwa cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-25 edlule. Ngakho-ke, ichibi elikhulu libhekwa njengelona elijulile kuphela, kodwa futhi lidala kakhulu. Futhi ngenxa yokukhulula okuhlukahlukene eLwandle iBaikal, umhlaba ocebile wezitshalo nezilwane.

Isifunda saseBaikal

Engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeLake Baikal yizingxenye zesifunda saseWestern Baikal, okuyinto emgqeni omncane futhi ifinyelele ubude bamamitha angu-450. Leli dwala libukeka sengathi lihle kakhulu futhi lihlanza ngokuphelele ogwini lolwandle. Eyaziwa ngokukhethekile yizindawo eziphakeme zezintaba. Ukubuthwa kweBaikal (uhlobo lokukhulula lapha okungelona olujwayelekile) kudonsela ososayensi abaningi emhlabeni.

I-Transbaikalia

I-Transbaikalia itholakala phakathi kwesifunda saseBaikal noMfula i-Argun. Ubude bayo buyizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane zamakhilomitha futhi bugijima ukusuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga. Kwezinye izindawo izintaba zisezingeni lamanzi. Kuye ngesakhiwo nesikhathi sokukhululeka, iTransbaikalia ingahlukaniswa ezindaweni eziningana ezihambelanayo. I-ridge ephakeme kakhulu yiCoder, okuphakama kwayo kufinyelela emakhilomitha amathathu. Ngenxa yalokho, abaningi abagibelayo bavame ukuvakashela into enjalo engokwemvelo njenge-folding ye-Baikal. Ukuma kokukhululeka kwalesi sakhiwo kuyamangalisa. Futhi kule ndawo ephezulu yezintaba kukhona ama-glaciers, okubangelwa amaqhwa ama-quaternary. Le ndawo iyingxenye yeStanovoi, eyakhiwa ezigodini nasezintanjeni phakathi kwezintaba. Ukwakhiwa kwechungechunge ngalunye kufaka phakathi ama-loaches anezintambo kanye namagquma aphansi. Endaweni eseningizimu yeTranskaikal yizintaba eziphansi. Njengoba kulezi zindawo inani elincane lemvula liwela ngonyaka, izinqubo zokukhukhula azibalulekile lapha. Imigwaqo enamanzi yomswakama eyakhiwe engxenyeni esempumalanga yeTransikikal ngenxa yemvula enamandla. Ukukhululeka lapha kubheka kuqala. Ngokuvamile, kuboniswa yizindawo ezipanzi, lapho izigwaqo eziphakeme zivela ngokucacile. Lolu hlobo lokuphumula lubizwa ngokuthi i-gobi.

Zonke izinhlelo zezintaba ze-Baikal ukugoqa zihlukaniswa nokukhululeka okuyingqayizivele, okuthakazelisa ososayensi.