Uhlelo lweMetro Metro Construction: Imigomo kanye namathemba

I-Metro Metro ihamba ngokuphumelelayo nabagibeli cishe iminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Umzila wayo wokuqala wavulwa kude nango-1935. Uhlelo lokwakha imitha eMoscow ngaleso sikhathi aluzange lusebenze isikhathi eside kangaka futhi lwakha kancane kancane, njengoba kwakhiwe izindawo ezintsha futhi ingxenye yomlando idolobha lakhiwe kabusha.

Uhlelo lokuthutha lwenhloko-dolobha

Idolobha elikhulu liyisici esibaluleke kakhulu kulo lonke ingqalasizinda yokuthutha yaseMoscow. Inani liyakwandisa kuphela njengoba i-megacity iqala. Ngokubambisana kwayo yonke imigqa emikhulu yomhlaba phakathi namahora okuphakama, i-metro isebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwemigwaqo nokuphazamiseka. Kubantu abaningi lokhu kuyindlela ethembekile kuphela yokufinyelela endaweni efunayo yedolobha ngaphandle kokulibala. Ngaphandle kwesitimela esisebenza njalo, impilo eMoscow izokhubazeka. Akungabazeki ukuthi uhlelo lwe-subway olukhona kufanele luhlonywe futhi luthuthukiswe. Kodwa kuyadingeka ukuba ufinyelele iziphetho emaphutheni naseziphosweni ezenziwe esikhathini esidlule.

Izinkinga eziyinhloko zesistimu ekhona

Isikhathi sembulwe ngokungenangqondo futhi eziningi ukungapheleli komqondo owake wamukelwa wesistimu yesitimela. Uhlelo lokukwakhiwa komasipala eMoscow, oluboshwe kwi Ring Ring, lwaluqhubekela phambili futhi lufanelekile emva kwesikhathi sempi. Kodwa isinqumo esinjalo saba yi-brake ngokuphelele ekuthuthukisweni kwezimo zanamuhla. Isikimu se-metro esivele sivame ukuphoqa abagibeli ukuba bafinyelele esiteshini esifisa ngokudluliselwa kwi-Ring Line. Futhi lokhu kuphikisana nemigomo eyisisekelo ye-logistics. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokukwakhiwa komasipala waseMoscow ngekusasa elikude nangaphezulu kufanele lusekelwe emigomeni engakwazi ukunqoba ukungaphumeleli kohlelo olwakhiwe.

Izikhombandlela zokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo

Uhlelo olwengeziwe lokwakhiwa komasipala eMoscow luchaza indlela ehlanganisiwe yokunqoba izinkinga zanamuhla. Kuyoba nezinkomba eziningi zokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. Bathi futhi ukubonakala emephini okusha nokuqhubeka kwemigqa ekhona kakade. Emigqeni eminingi, imigqa ye-metro izokwelula ngaphesheya kwendlela yezingoma eya endaweni. Okungenakuphikwa ukuthi into emisha yilona uhlelo lokukwakha imitha yokukhanya. Kuzodlulela emgqeni wokuhlukanisa imigwaqo esitimela ekhona futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukukhulumisana kwamadolobha amakhulu aseMoscow kuphakathi kwenhloko-dolobha.

Isifunda sesithathu sokudlulisa

Ngesikhathi samanje imisebenzi ethile yokwakhiwa kwaze kwaba ngu-2020 iye yachazwa futhi yamukelwa. Enye yezinhlelo ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezibandakanya uhlelo lokwakhiwa kweMetro Moscow, ukudala isiteshi sesithathu sokushintshana. Le phrojekthi ihilela ekwakhiweni kwemigqa emine yezingcingo egijima ngaphesheya kwenhloko-dolobha. Uhlelo lokuhamba kule migqa luyoba nomgomo wokuhamba. Ngemuva kokuvalwa komjikelezo, enye yemizila kufanele ibe yindilinga. Ngakho, emgwaqweni waseMoscow, i-Ring Ring yesibili ingavela. Kodwa lokhu kusasa elikude. Njengamanje, ukwakhiwa kwesayithi lokuqala lokuqhuma kuqhubeka. Ukuyivula ihlelwe ngendlela ehlelwe engxenyeni yesine ka-2015. Isayithi lokuqala lizodlula phakathi kweziteshi "Isikhungo Sebhizinisi" nesithi "Maslivka Ephansi". Kuzofaka iziteshi eziyisithupha ezintsha.

Elula ngaphansi komhlaba

Emadolobheni aseMoscow, kunamadolobha amakhulu kakhulu. Okokuqala, yi-Khimki, i-Podolsk, i-Dolgoprudny, i-Mytischi ne-Reutov. Bahlala abantu abaningi abasebenza enhloko-dolobha. Baphoqeleka nsuku zonke ukuba bahambe ibanga endaweni yabo yokusebenzela babuyele emuva. Ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo yemitha kule mizi kuzodinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kakhulu, uma ukha imetro ngesakhiwo esivamile. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuhlinzeke ukuxhumana kwezokuthutha nalawa madolobha, inguqulo ye-okuthiwa "metro elula" yamukelwa. Eqinisweni, siseduze nesitimela esivamile. Kodwa izimoto zalo zivunyelwe ngokwezindinganiso zama-metro futhi isikhathi sokuhamba sinciphisa kakhulu. Izitimela zomgwaqo wokukhanya zihamba ngezinyawo zomgwaqo ezikhona noma, uma kungenakwenzeka, emigqeni efanayo. Ngakho, isibonelo, izitimela ezisuka eKhimki zizofika esiteshini seLeningrad. I-metro yokukhanya ivumela, ngezimali ezincane kakhulu, ukuhlinzeka ngamadolobha aseMoscow ngokuxhumana kwezithuthi. Izinselelo zalolu hlelo zifakazela ukuthi imigqa yayo ngeke ihlanganiswe ohlelweni olukhona lweMetro Moscow. Kwabagibeli besiteshini seLeningrad kuzodingeka badluliselwe "kuKomsomolskaya" - indandatho noma i-radial. Futhi ngalokhu kuzodingeka uhambe nge-turntile okwesibili.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi ekhona

Ngaphandle kwemikhakha emisha ngokuyisisekelo, uhlelo lokwakha umasipala kuze kube ngu-2020 luchaza ukuthuthukiswa okuthuthukisiwe nokuthuthukiswa kwesimiso esivele sakhiwe iMetro Moscow. Akufanele sikhohlwe ngokunyuka kwemingcele yaseMoscow ekuqondeni kweNingizimu-ntshonalanga. Endaweni yangaphambili yesifunda, okuyinto ngoJulayi 2012 eyaba yingxenye yedolobha laseMoscow, kuzokwakhiwa imigqa emithathu yedolobha. Okokuqala, sikhuluma ngokuqhutshwa kwemigqa yeSokolniki neKalinin-Solntsevskaya. Umzila omusha we-subway light uzosebenza ngokuhambisana nomgwaqo omkhulu waseKaluga ekuqondeni eKommunarka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziteshi ezintsha zeMetro Moscow zizovela kwezinye izindawo eziningi ezikhona kakade. Ngokwezinhlelo ezivunyelwe, kuze kube ngu-2020 emakhilomitha angu-160 eMoscow emigwaqeni emisha kanye neziteshi ezingu-79 kuzovela. Ekupheleni kuka-2014, indawo yokuqaliswa eLublin-Dmitrovskaya umugqa ovela "kuMaryina Roshcha" kuya emgqeni "weSeligerskaya" kufanele ihanjiswe. I- Sokolnicheskaya endala kunazo zonke izothola ukuqhubeka okuvela "eNingizimu-West" kuya ku- "Salarievo". Umzila we-Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya uzofinyelela esiteshini "Kotelniki". Ngokungeziwe, kuzobe kungezansi esiteshini esidala "Spartacus." Ngo-2017, ukuthunyelwa kweSolntsevo kusuka ePark of Victory kuya e-Ramenki esiteshini kuhleliwe. Futhi ngo-2019 kuyokwazi ukushayela eceleni komzila waseKalininskaya kusukela esiteshini "Tretyakovskaya" esiteshini "Isikhungo sebhizinisi". Imigqa emibili ekhona manje ibumbene ku-Kalinin-Solntsevo eyodwa.