Traffic ukukhanya abezinyawo: izinhlobo nezithombe

Umqondo kokufaka amarobhothi lemahlanganweni endlela ukulawula traffic fanele Londoner John Pico thola. Ngu umsebenzi wayengumuntu uchwepheshe ujantshi semaphore.

amaqiniso angokomlando eziningana

Okokuqala amarobhothi lwakhiwe futhi efakwe ezitaladini of London ngo-1868. Amasignali kuwo esitshalweni ngesandla imicibisholo amabili. Ovundlile isikhundla sabo lalisho ukuthi "ayeke", i-engela 45 degrees. - ukuvumela ukunyakaza ngokucophelela. Ukuze uhlukanise e ebusuku ebumnyameni amasignali semaphore esetshenziswa ne isibani igesi. Spinning, yena sikhanya ngombala oluhlaza noma obomvu.

Okuzenzakalelayo traffic isignali ukukhanya uhlelo usuke yasungulwa futhi enelungelo lobunikazi e-Chicago ngo-1910. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, abashayeli bahlangana ngogesi lokuqala womgwaqo, izibani isignali kokuba ajwayelekile kithi manje imibala eluhlaza nebomvu. Okuxakayo ukuthi lo mshini samanje ngesikhathi awuzange lobunikazi.

Yayiyini amarobhothi lokuqala

Kancane kancane emigwaqweni abakhulu e-US amadolobha (Cleveland, New York, Detroit) waqala ukuthola amarobhothi. Iningi labo lalingenalutho amasignali ezimbili - abomvu green, umkhankaso ngqo kokwengamela amaphoyisa, ihlezi isinqumo ingilazi amadokodo.

Khona-ke, ngo-1920 imiklamo yabo kanye nabanye abantu baye baqala ukusebenzisa isignali ophuzi. EYurophu, amarobhothi lokuqala base efakwe Paris, Hamburg namadolobha eNgilandi. Design countdown uvele kuphela ngo-1998, kwathi ngo-France.

Ezweni lethu, ukufakwa amarobhothi bakuqala bawa ku ekuqaleni namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu elidlule. Eyokuqala yasungulwa eLeningrad ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi saseNevsky futhi Liteiny Prospect. Kwathi ekuqaleni kuka-1930. Cishe ngemva konyaka wazakhela Ngokwesibonelo lokuqala irobhothi e Moscow, ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo we Kuznetsk ibhuloho futhi st. Petrovka.

Indima amarobhothi ukuze ezokuthutha yesimanje

Namuhla, i-traffic emigwaqweni awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela indlela enamandla kangaka yokukhangwa ekuhlela nekuhlelenjiswa kwalokucuketfwe, njengoba amarobhothi. Izinhloso ezinkulu nokwandisa izinga sezimoto zabo emigwaqweni futhi sifinyelele ezingeni eziphakeme zokulondeka. Traffic signalization - ithuluzi ebaluleke kakhulu traffic umqondo jikelele, ehlanganisa izinyathelo inhlangano kahle ukusatshalaliswa traffic kwemali, ukuphepha nabahamba ngezinyawo nangamabhayisikili, futhi ukusetshenziswa umzila izimoto ethize.

Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, efakiwe ezindaweni lapho awokuthi yengozi, engase inciphise idivayisi ukulungiswa njalo. Futhi ezimweni lapho ezinye izinyathelo (enqabela kulungiselelwa kanye nokunciphisa ijubane izimpawu zomgwaqo, ama-apharathasi inguqulelo angahlelekile abahamba emgwaqweni) abanaso ngempumelelo.

amarobhothi nsuku saziso kuyadingeka ukuze ufake ezindaweni lapho ngokuvamile ayalihlonipha ilungelo kuqala lapho ushayela ngokusebenzisa zemigwaqo. Futhi, lapho ukunyakaza has a high speed noma ngegalelo, lapho ukubonakala kuyehla nobunzima ekutholeni igunya obusa izinkomba, ngesikhathi ongaphakeme throughput umthamo ingxenye yomgwaqo.

nezinye indima yabo

amarobhothi, ngaphandle, ukufeza izinhloso ezithile zemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, lokho okuthiwa wave oluhlaza ukusekela iyunifomu isivinini kwamaloli nezimoto uma zidlula, nokwehlisa inombolo yokuma.

Ngokuncane petrol, encishisiwe qeda kwekhabhoni kanye nenani umsindo imoto ihamba. Lokhu isici kubalulekile futhi emadolobheni amakhulu emgwaqeni yokudlula esiminyaminyeni sezimoto. Lights zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha Abahamba kanye nabahamba ngezinyawo.

Lokho abayikho

Ngokusho uhlobo nenjongo kukhona onobuhle eminingi kangaka amarobhothi. Kukhona ukushintshwa umcibisholo futhi ngaphandle amasignali ezimbili noma ezintathu ezilula efakwe yokuwela noma nabahamba. Konke lokhu - amarobhothi. Traffic ukukhanya abezinyawo ahlelwe kuphela ukunyakaza okuphephile abantu endleleni.

wokufika Izinhlobo eziningi okwandile wabo - traffic emgwaqweni. Abahamba ngezinyawo Ukunqamula nge amarobhothi kungabonwa endleleni kunoma yiliphi izwe.

Kanjani ukukhanya traffic

Njengoba yaziwa, ngemiklamo izimoto ezisetshenziswa yonke imibala emithathu yendabuko - oluhlaza, phuzi futhi zibe bomvu. Lapho ukukhanya traffic mpo, obomvu uhlale phezulu, oluhlaza - ngezansi. Leli lungiselelo ovundlile konke ishiywa obomvu, kwesokudla - oluhlaza. Ingxenye imoto unikezwe i section olwengeziwe.

Iyini injongo isignali ophuzi? Ukuze emgwaqweni ikhanyisa kusho lokhu okulandelayo: ukudlula umugqa stop uvunyelwe, kodwa ijubane travel kwisayithi, amarobhothi, kufanele ngempela encishisiwe. Okungukuthi, umshayeli kufanele lilungiselwe traffic izibani ushintshele ku abomvu. Lokhu isiginali etinhlotjeni letehlukene imiklamo kungaba orange.

izinhlobo ukulawula

isilawuli motion esebenzisa amarobhothi futhi ingase ibe khona ehlukile. Nge ukulawulwa njalo umbuso wakhe akuzona ishintshe futhi akuxhomekile isikhathi sosuku noma usuku lwesonto. Omunye umbono - oluhambelana. Kuyinto ngezinga elithile incike ukugeleza traffic. Lokhu kungase kushintshe noma imuphi ukulandelana noma inombolo noma ubude amasignali isigaba usuke.

Ngamanye izinhlobo ukulawula oluhambelana Ungashintsha zonke izinkomba ezintathu. Mode ngokuthi wave oluhlaza kungenzeka kuphela isiqondiso njalo noma oluhambelana variable sobude ukukhanya izigaba.

Futhi lokho abantu?

Manje ake sixoxe non-ezokuthutha - izibani nabahamba ngezinyawo. Basuke efakwe kubhaliswe ngokusemthethweni yokuwela yabahamba ngezinyawo. Njengomthetho, bakwazi ukubhekana amasignali ezimbili kuphela - kwenza futhi ikhubaza. Ngokubukeka, umklamo ungahluka kancane phakathi kwawo abantu. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke abantu abaningi ukukhanya - esime Silhouettes womuntu - oluhlaza (ukuhamba) kanye abomvu (emile).

Kwamanye amazwe, zingase zibe khona ezinye izimpawu. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States isignali obomvu ophakamayo ngesandla. Ngezinye izikhathi, esikhundleni entendeni noma amadoda kungabonwa eliqoshwe umbhalo othi "sime siqinile 'futhi' uhambe." Emigwaqweni Oslo ekuvimbeleni isignali nabahamba ngezinyawo libukeka ambalwa umi eceleni kwe izibalo womuntu abomvu.

Zonke eyinkimbinkimbi idatha ziyabonisa futhi lula kubantu abanokukhubazeka ezibukwayo noma ukuba yimpumputhe, ukuthi kubi ibala lesikhumba. Ngendlela efanako, emazweni amaningi ngokuvamile umsindo nabahamba ngezinyawo amasignali ukukhanya ayimpinda.

Ake sixoxe nomklamo walo

Uyini Umklamo ukukhanya nabahamba ngezinyawo? Kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzona. Omunye wabo - esekelwe esikhipha noma Halogen. Abahamba ngezinyawo Ilobhothi kulokhu siqukethe kugqame isibani, ukuhlunga, fresnel lens kanye visor zokuzivikela.

Abanye baba amarobhothi okwandile zenzelwe esekelwe LED. Sinenkosi ezinzuzweni ezithile, okuyilezi: umbala, okungenzeka ongaphakeme yokukhanya ehlangeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, mancane singangena umonakalo - uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka olulodwa LED lonke design uhlala tekusebenta.

Ngaphandle traffic ezinjalo kuba ukwakhiwa kakhudlwana elula siqukethe afanayo LED, ocekela phansi-ubufakazi ingilazi kanye cap.

Nabahamba ngezinyawo ikhanyisa T7

Ngokwezibalo, ingxenye yesine yayo yonke ukushayisana abezinyawo kwenzeke yokuwela ngabo, akukho amarobhothi. Uma sekuhwalala nobusuku abashayeli ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuqaphela kuwelwa. Yini engenziwa ukwenza ngcono khudlwana amazinga ukuphepha inguqulelo angahlelekile?

Ikhambi best kuze kube yimanje - imishini izibani ukuhwebelana ezifana traffic ezifana T7. Lokhu ophuzi LED design. Bayakwazi esabonwa umshayeli ekude. A isibonisi LED yi muzwa ukukhanya okunjalo lapho kuhlwa noma ebumnyameni ukuxwayisa ngokunembile umshayeli kusondela kuwelwa kanye nesidingo ukunciphisa ijubane. Ngenxa yalokho, isiginali wezinkanyiso nabahamba ngezinyawo ukuze uwele umgwaqo kuphephe kakhulu.

Lokhu kukhanya kunikwe amandla kusukela amapayipi ukuthengisela, izindleko ukufakwa yayo eyinhloko ikhebula laying inqubo kanye izindleko yokugcina.

Traffic Light Solar

esebenza kahle noma ngaphezulu isixazululo kungenzeka kudivayisi Ilobhothi LED eziqhutshwa ibhethri welanga. Izindleko njengondunankulu ukufakwa kwayo ngaphansi kwesigamu salelo we umzila ikhebuli kuhambisana inani ayizinkulungwane 40-50. P. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukonga eningi ugesi.

Traffic ukukhanya abezinyawo solar kulezi zinsuku - ukufeza ubuchwepheshe eziphambili kakhulu. Ukufaka isakhiwo esinjalo akusho ukumba imisele, oxhumanisa ikhebula amandla supply nokuvikelwa yayo, ukukhokhelwa ugesi.

Ziyini izinzuzo?

Ingabe isethi olungenakuqhathaniswa kwezibani LED traffic futhi mini-solar amandla isitshalo hlobo. amarobhothi okunjalo ku kuwelwa zingafakwa traffic ngemvume uqobo bese uqala ukuba usebenze ngokushesha emva kokufakwa. Amahora ke okungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi - okungenani iminyaka engu-8 ngaphandle yesondlo.

Ngenxa low power ukusetshenziswa izibani enjalo okuhlala, Ibhethri elishajekayo kungaba isebenze ngaphandle lingatshajwa elangeni izinsuku ezintathu.

Esikhathini emini ibhethri likhokhelwa ngumuntu onamandla iseli welanga. Inqubo ukushaja kwenzeka ngisho ebusika noma sezulu esinamafu. Ngenxa edidiyelwe isilawuli osenyameni ngokugcwele ibhethri nhlobo.

Ekugcineni kuwufanele kokusho ukuthi kukhona ngisho lesikhumbuzo ekhethekile amarobhothi eRussia! Ukuqopha ukufakwa 2006 emigwaqweni edolobheni laseNovosibirsk.