Ubuchopho isakhiwo. umthwalo Functional kwezinye izakhi

Sezinzwa okwenziwa kwisistimu kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ubuchopho. isakhiwo ubuchopho kakhulu inquma imisebenzi yayo kanye nezimpahla. Indawo ukubeka izingqondo ezungezile nemvelo amagobolondo kuchaziwe ngalo ingaphakathi of Nogebhezi lwawo. Ungakwazi ukulandelela kokuhambisana egcwele ebusweni sangaphakathi egumbini cranial nge ukuma phezulu kwamanzi ventral zobuchopho. Ebusweni phansi ingqondo based sendawo eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi uhambelana imigodi cranial ku base yangaphakathi Yekhanda.

ubuchopho isisindo isivele omdala ngokwanele uyahluka 1100-2000 amagremu. Kusukela eminyakeni engu-20 futhi kuze kube engu-ayisithupha njengoba nenqwaba ubuchopho, futhi umthamo yayo zihlala zinjalo futhi esiphezulu ngomuntu ngamunye.

Uma ucabangela isakhiwo zobuchopho, ukhethe izakhi esivelele kunazo zonke-ke okuyikhona yezingxenye ezinkulu ezintathu. It abhanqiwe ama-, ubuchopho stem cerebellum.

I-elementi, lo osindwa kakhulu ziyasebenziseka Nenkabazwe cerebral zobuchopho yomuntu. Kubantu abadala, lokhu kuba namandla kakhulu futhi yibona ababaluleke kakhulu kulo isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. izigaba Hemispheric ahlelwe ukuze bayakwazi ukumboza wonke amanye izingxenye zobuchopho. Zokwehlukanisa ilungelo futhi Nenkabazwe kwesokunxele kuyinto slot ezijulile longitudinal we cerebrum, cerebral isifinyelele spikes enkulu noma okuthiwa i-callosum Corpus. Ezindaweni posterior we umqhewu longitudinal ifinyelela cross-ingxenye enkulu igebe ingqondo. Usebenzela ukwehlukanisa cerebellum ka Nenkabazwe.

Konke itholakala ngezansi, ngaphezu cerebellum - ingxenye abamelwe stem ubuchopho, bebizwa: i oblongata medulla, misa, phakathi nezigaba Lesisemkhatsini. Kodwa kuba eduze ukuthi etadisha isakhiwo emgogodleni womuntu.

Phendula imibuzo mayelana nohlobo elivela kuzo Imisebenzi esemqoka ohlelweni sezinzwa, bacasuka ososayensi nodokotela, uye wabavumela ukuba usebenze ekutadisheni izitho zomzimba womuntu. Kuphela ukuqonda isakhiwo zobuchopho, singakwazi unikeze incazelo anhlobonhlobo izinqubo ezenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi womuntu. Njengoba indlela eyinkimbinkimbi owakheka ngayo imisebenzi ehlukene banesibopho imininingwane ngabanye, kanye central isimiso sezinzwa basakaza umthwalo functional izingxenye zabo abamelwe ahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, impendulo yombuzo kwasendaweni (indawo) ezindaweni obhekene kokwenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo kakhulu, ngenxa isakhiwo cortex cerebral.

Motor cortex ilawula nemisebenzi analyzer iyunithi obhekene lo msebenzi. Itholakala phambi gyrus emaphakathi, phambi sulcus emaphakathi. Le ndawo isibe ekhaya ukuze amangqamuzana ezinzwa, ogama imisebenzi banesibopho ngisho ukunyakaza owesincane umzimba.

Elikhulu njengoba amangqamuzana ezinzwa e nge izinqubo zabo, okuyinto zitholakala cortex, Icwele ezijulile, elula ku oblongata medulla, kule ndawo kukhona Ukunqamula enkulu ingxenye yalo, okungukuthi, inqubo kwathatha uhlangothi. Ukuqedela shintsho, baba, makehle kanye emgogodleni, wayesekhona kakade sawela izingcezwana yabo esele. Phambi emgogodleni, basuke baxhumane ngamangqamuzana ezinzwa, okuyinto zitholakala. Isignali zingaveli cortex njengoba ngocingo ufinyelela Izinzwa kwemisipha Imicu yotshani zabo ukufinyelela.

Ukuze ukusebenza umsebenzi sokuzwa unesibopho esifundeni sokuzwa ise Lobe yesikhashana we- cortex kubhekwe. imisebenzi Visual basebenza Lobe occipital e cortex cerebral. Ukulimala noma iyiphi kulezi zindlela kuholela izifo ezithile we CNS.

isakhiwo kobuchopho Wawahlukanisela hhayi kuphela izici. Ubuchopho, efana emuva, sizungezwe ulwelwesi ezintathu. Basuke ihlukaniswe kwangaphakathi (esithambile), eliphakathi (web) kanye yangaphandle (kanzima) igobolondo. Ngamunye wabo Uyi ukuqhubeka ngqo nomgogodla.

Naphezu lapho etadisha ngokujulile lokhu isitho esibalulekile, zonke izimfihlakalo zayo, usehlane, kungekho ezisheshayo ukudalula. Kodwa umsebenzi onzima lodokotela nososayensi bengayeki kuze kube yilolu suku. ngokukhuthazela kwabo nokuphikelela kwamenza ahloselwe ekufezeni etusekayo umzabalazo impilo yabantu.