Sword Order (Order of the Sword Brothers): Umlando

Ngo 1198 e manje ebizwa ngokuthi iLatvia izenzakalo ezimangalisayo ezenzeka. ezizweni ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala wayihlubuka ukunwetshwa emazweni awo LamaRoma German uMbusi Otto IV. Lapho ukuvukela ukuthi ukuyiveza, ukuvimbela oda lempi Sword sidalwe esikhathini esizayo, yokuvukela efanayo umyalo German Umbhishobhi u-Albrecht.

Ukuze anqobe kwabezizwe

Omunye wezisulu izizwe zakwa edlubulundayo baba lendawo umbhishobhi uBerthold. Njengoba bemiswe ukuba angene esikhundleni sakhe Albrecht von Buxhowden waqala ngokuthi Knights Livonian wabiza impi ngokumelene amaqaba edlubulundayo. Amakhulu bamazwe abafuna i onakala lula yempi, kanye, kube ngukuthethelelwa kwezono, wafika 1200 nge Umfundisi wakhe nenkani ngomlomo eWestern Dvina, lapho le nqaba Riga wabeka ngokushesha.

Nokho, njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, kwaba sobala ukuthi leyo ukuze ulawule insimu yonke omunye Crusaders akwanele, futhi ekuthatheni isinyathelo umbhishobhi Albrecht oda samasosha yenkolo entsha efanayo yasungulwa ngo 1200, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Sword. Oda wathatha phezu ngokwakhe ngaphandle ukunakekela esiphatha amaqaba wendawo inkolo yeqiniso, futhi kulapho luyingxenye lempi imisebenzi. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, indalo yayo kwakugunyaziwe ngumuntu inkunzi ekhethekile sobupapa eyanikeza Order semthethweni ngokugcwele futhi ededela wonke kulingwa esizayo.

Isiphambano Sword

Igama lakhe, enesibopho izinkemba obomvu siboniswe kanye abalekele Maltese ku izingubo ezimhlophe Knights. Ekuqaleni, lapho sidalwe yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo ngesisekelo yaqhakaza kuyilapho Templars. Inhlanganisela umbhedesho yobuKristu ibutho lempi ngokulinganayo babevamile ngabo, futhi Sword. Oda eyasungulwa Bishop Albrecht, ngokuthi ngokusemthethweni "Bazalwane kaKristu Livonia Chivalry", okuyinto futhi kusikisela ukufana nabazalwane Templar. Nokho, lokhu ukufana zangaphandle konke kwakuhlanzekile esilinganiselwe.

Ezemfundo Livonia

Kumila Order of the Sword kwaba isinyathelo esikhulu okuholela ukwakheka elisha ngo naseBaltics - Livonia. Kuyinto kusukela ekuzalweni kwaba ayiphelele. Lalinama ahlukene esishintshashintshayo ezimbili kwezomnotho - the ukugcotshwa of Riga futhi entsha, nje wadala, Order. amayunithi Wendawo isimo esisha nabizelwa Estonia, Livonia futhi Courland. La magama asuselwa emagameni zezizwe bendawo abahlala khona. Njengegunya eliphakeme phezu insimu kwakungekaNkulunkulu umbhishobhi.

Ukunqoba emazweni amasha

Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala ehlala e Livonia Knights of the Order of the Sword ahlasela indawo, ukulawula ukuthi iyiphi wayesekhona ezandleni ezizweni ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala. On wabophula indawo yokwakha inqaba, kamuva ababa inkomba ezempi kanye izinto zokuphatha. Kodwa hhayi kuphela neKomiti izizwe kwadingeka alwe Livonian abahlaseli. Abaphikisi main nezinzima kakhulu bona babeyizikhulu isiRashiya, ubizwa kufanele kubhekwe umhlaba Livonian appanage yakhe ezibonakalayo.

Ngalesi umzabalazo iminyaka eminingi walwa impumelelo ezihlukahlukene. Izincwadi zomlando, esehlanganise izenzakalo yaleyo minyaka, eziningi ubufakazi bendlela Russian amabutho ukunqoba futhi ukuhlulwa. Ngokuvamile, kwenye operation lempi yaphela ukufa noma ukuthunjwa eyodwa, abanye abahlanganyeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlando Order of Ngenkemba iziqephu agcwele umzabalazo wabo eziqhubekayo nawo Estonia - abantu eside ugcwale i-la mazwe. Ngezindlela eziningi inkimbinkimbi isimo futhi yayikhona lapha phambi Order Livonian, futhi umnika ngenkani umthetho yayo endaweni.

Kuyaqhubeka ukuthungathwa sizana emithambo yegazi

Isimo kwakunzima ngenxa yezinkinga. Ukuze ukuqhuba izenzo ezinjalo emikhulu Bekulindeleke eside ngebutho lempi, futhi kusobala ukuthi akwanele kule Sword. Oda waphoqeleka ukufuna ally e-Europe, i-strong, munye ukuthi, ngangingeke ngisakwazi ukuqhubeka kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni mazwe amasha. Kodwa hhayi kuphela inzuzo lempi kunganikeza umfelandawonye onjalo. Iqiniso lokuthi Order knightly we Sword zalwa okungapheli wezepolitiki nombhishobhi Albrecht - umbusi esemthethweni Livonia. Inhloso umzabalazo kwaba indlela yokuphuma yomthetho yakhe.

Ngakho qinile sizana kungaba zamaJalimane Order. Isungulwe ngesikhathi seMpi Yenkolo Okwesithathu nasezingxenyeni echazwe isikhathi zomlando eyayintula ekuchithweni kwayo bayibutho elikhulu, igcwele kahle ahlomile futhi abaqeqeshwe Knights isiJalimane, wayengase abe amandla angavimbela ukuqinisekisa Swordbrothers inzuzo mayelana nayo yonke imibango kwezempi nakwezombusazwe.

Izingxoxo ukuze uhlangane oda ezimbili

Ngemva inkosi yazo Folkvin Teutons waphendukela isiphakamiso esinjalo, isikhathi eside awuzange ube noma iyiphi impendulo evela kubo. ikhanda labo, gohmeyster Hermann von Salza, wayeyindoda ngiqaphe futhi ngihlakaniphe ngokucophelela, hhayi imithetho yayo kwadingeka ukuba enze isinqumo ngokuphamazela. Lapho, ekugcineni, wathumela izithunywa zakhe ukuba Swordbrothers ngoba ukucwaningwa okuningiliziwe kokulandisa zonke izimo zokuphila kwawo, umsebenzi, base ayenganelisekile kakhulu nge ayekubona.

Embikweni wazo ukhombe kabi engamukeleki salo lonke yokuphila Livonian Knights nokwedelelwa ngawo ababaphatha izimiso zabo. Mhlawumbe lokho kwakuyiqiniso, kodwa cishe, isizathu esiyinhloko Izibuyekezo zabo ezimbi kwaphawulwa isifiso Sword ngemva kokuhlangana ukugcina ukuzimela futhi ukuvimbela Imininingwane yabo ukumuncwa tevtontsami.

Sword wanqoba ngesikhathi Saule River

Akwaziwa esingakanani izinkulumo luyaqhubeka, uma hhayi amashwa abhekana nayo Order of Ngenkemba kwelinye ezempi njalo. Anqotshiwe phambi kuka-amaqaba Lithuanian e Battle of Saule River. Ethembele ukusekela Latgalians ababhapathiziwe nabo Estonia, base wakhashelwa nabo balahlekelwa esindayo. Enkundleni yempi wahlala amanga amahlanu yizicukuthwane Livonian Knights. Amandla-oda aye phansi uhlelo ukumsindisa ubengase ukusiza Teutons.

A indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni oda ezimbili kudlalwa uPapa Gregory IX. Wayazi ukuthi ngemva onjalo ukunqotshwa umxhwele Sword Livonia ezisengozini futhi yibhece LabeZizwe.

Njengoba ayeyindoda siqine, masinyane ngemvume isimemezelo owawuthi e 1237 ihlanganiswe ne-Order of the zamaJalimane Knights of the Sword. Kusukela manje, ngaphambi abanqobi ezimele Livonia yaba igatsha we zamaJalimane Knights, kodwa ukukhetha abazange babe.

Abanikazi entsha Livonia

Oda zamaJalimane ngokushesha wathumela ku Livonia yonke impi amahlanu nane Knights, ephelezelwa inqwaba izinceku, Squires futhi amasosha. Esikhathini ukumelana iDemo term beZizwe ochotshoziwe, futhi inqubo yobuKristu emazweni baqhubeka ngaphandle izigameko. Nokho, kusukela ngo-Swordbrothers yalahlekelwa yiyo yonke ukuzimela. Ngisho umholi wabo - lanmeyster, abakhethwa, njengasekuqaleni, futhi owamiswa Supreme gohmeysterom yasePrussia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho izenzakalo ezingokomlando yamasimu okuqondene Livonia, libhekene kakhulu sikhundla kwezepolitiki. Ngokungafani Ngenkemba, angaphansi umbhishobhi wendawo, zabanikazi abasha babeke baba azishiyele ngokugcwele kusukela uPapa, futhi ngokuhambisana nomthetho yaleyo minyaka kwadingeka adlule e eyodwa ubunikazi bayo komhlaba nobuKristu kubo. Lokhu kwabangela umbhikisho we episcopate bendawo kwaba isizathu izingxabano eziningi ezalandela.

UNongorwana Ngenkemba, Livonian Order, zamaJalimane Knights and abathi la mazwe izikhulu Russian njalo aphethwe onqenqemeni esimweni lulwimi wezempi. ngxabano Long we episcopate kanye Order of neziphathimandla, abathi indima eyinhloko esithombeni lokubhekana nezinkinga kokubili benkolo nabezombangazwe kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise Ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila lalolo hlanga futhi ngezikhathi ingqondo ukuqhuma nomphakathi.