Svyaschennoispovednik Afanasiy Saharov nangemisebenzi yakhe

Yonke yobuntwana nentsha uSt. Athanasius Sakharov, uMbhishobhi ozayo weSonto Lama-Orthodox waseRussia kanye nomuntu ekunyakeni kwenhlekelele, nasemhlabeni jikelele - uSergei Grigorievich, owachitha emzini ongcwele waseVladimir. Izinkinga nokuhlolwa kusukela ebuntwaneni kakhulu kuye kwaba nesichotho. Kodwa kwakuyindawo ephilayo engahlali kahle kangangokuthi kancane kancane waba umyeni futhi wathola amabutho akhe abubusisiwe ngomsebenzi wokushumayela wesikhathi esizayo.

Ngesikhathi esifushane emndenini wabo, ubaba wakhe wafa, futhi u-Athanasios Sakharov wathola konke ayekudingayo ukuze afanelekele impilo yobu-Orthodox kumama wakhe. Phela, nguye owayefuna ukubona indodana yakhe njengesihenqo, futhi ngenxa yalokhu wayimbonga kakhulu impilo yakhe yonke.

Wayethanda ukufunda esifundeni saseParish futhi wayengathwali izinkonzo zesonto ezinde nezihlukumezayo. Inkosi yesikhathi esizayo ezinsizakalweni zaphezulu yabona ukuthi izinga eliphezulu lomkhuleko eNkosini, ayithandayo ngayo yonke inhliziyo yakhe nomphefumulo wakhe. Ngesikhathi esemncane, wayenesixwayiso sokuthi wayeyoba inceku yesonto ngisho nontanga yakhe, ngesibindi wayeziqhayisa ngokuthi uzoba umbhishobhi.

Afanasy Sakharov: Ukuphila

USergei wazalwa ngoJulayi 2 (ngesitayela esidala) ngo-1887 edolobheni laseParevka esifundazweni saseTambov. Ubaba wakhe wayebizwa ngokuthi uGregory, wayeyindabuko yaseSuzdal futhi wasebenza njengomeluleki wenkantolo, futhi unina uMatrona wayevela kubahlali. Babehlala ngaleso sikhathi edolobheni laseVladimir.

Umndeni wabo wawuhlonishwa ngenxa yomusa wabo nomusa wabo. Kulo mhlabathi ovundile, bahlakulela amatalenta angavamile ngokomoya yendodana yabo yedwa, obizwa ngokuthi uSt. Sergius waseRadonezh. USergei, kanye nomphathi wakhe wasezulwini, i-grinder yomhlaba waseRussia, wayehlukaniswa uthando olungenabugovu lweSonto nezwe laseYatland.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuphila kwaqhubeka njengenjwayelo. Lo mfana wafunda isidingo futhi wayeseqala ukugqoka futhi agqoke izingubo zobupristi. Lezi talenta ezingenakuzithoba yena usebenza kakhulu phakathi kwezixhumanisi kanye namakamu, lapho enza izingubo zezimpawu. Ngesikhathi kwaze kwaba yilapho edingeke ukuba alungiselele i-antimension board ekhethekile ukuze akhonze iziboshwa eziboshwa etilongweni.

Isifundo

Kwakungelula ukufunda umfana uSergius, kodwa akazange aphelelwe ithemba futhi asebenze kanzima. Ngokushesha wayekulindele i-Vladimir Theological Seminary, ngaleso sikhathi yi- Theological Academy yaseMoscow, eqeda ngokuphumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, le nsizwa yayingaziqhenyanga, ngoba yayithobekile futhi ithobekile ngokwemvelo, njengoba kwakudingeka ukuba ube ngumngane wangempela womthandazo kubo bonke abantu. Ngomnyaka we-1912 waxoshwa ngegama elithi Athanasius, futhi ngokushesha waba umfundisi.

Ikakhulukazi ngokukhethekile u-Vladyka Afanasy Sakharov wafunda imibuzo ye-liturgy kanye ne-hagiology. Wayekhathalela kakhulu imibhalo yezincwadi zamatheksthi futhi wayezama njalo ukuqonda incazelo yamagama anzima kakhulu, ewabona emkhakheni wezincwadi ukuze kucaciswe.

Okokuqala kusebenza

Ngenkathi esengumfundi wesikole saseShuysky, wabhala isithwathwa somfanekiso ongcwele weShuisko-Smolensk ongcwele weTheto eNgcwelengcwele. Lena kwakuyimbhali yokuqala yombhalo owawunqunywe nguye. Futhi umsebenzi wezemfundo abhala ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "I-Mood of Soul Believing by the Triodion of the Lenten", usho kakade ukuthi umbhali wayenokuqonda okukhulu mayelana nezindaba zesonto hymnology.

Umqeqeshi wakhe wokuqala ongokomoya nomfundisi wayenguMbhishobhi omkhulu uNicola waseNicholas (uNalimov), owayehlale enenkumbulo ezinikeleyo. Khona-ke u-Afanasy Sakharov wathola okuhlangenwe nakho okungokomoya kumqondisi we-Theological Academy yaseMoscow - u-ascetic oqinile nomfundisi wesonto owaziwa kakhulu, uBhishop Theodore (Pozdeevsky), owamtshela amakholi futhi wamnikela njenge-hierodeacon kanye ne-hieromonk emva kwakhe.

Revolution

Ukulalela kwakhe uMbhishobhi u-Bishop Athanasius Sakharov waqala ngePoltava Theological Seminary, lapho ebonisa khona ukuthi ungumfundisi onethalente. Kodwa amandla esazi semfundiso yenkolo, wazuza eVladimir Seminary, lapho ebonisa khona ukuthi ungumvangeli othembekile futhi ophefumlelwe wezwi likaNkulunkulu. Futhi-ke eMkhandlwini waseDiocosan wayebhekene nesimo sokushumayela emaphandleni.

Lapho iRussia iduduza i-revolution, u-Hieromonk Athanasius wayeneminyaka engu-30 ubudala. Kulezi okuthiwa "izingqungquthela zaseDiscoces" abantu baqala ukuphakamisa amakhanda abo, ababemelene ne-Orthodoxy yaseRussia.

Ngomnyaka we-1917, abameli abakhulu boke amakhorisi bahlanganiswa esitjhweni seSt Sergius. Kulo Mkhandlu Wendawo WaseSrussia (1917-18), u-Hieromonk Athanasius wayekhona, futhi wakhethwa ukuba asebenze emnyangweni ngenxa yemibuzo yombhalo. Phakathi nesikhathi esifanayo, uSt. Athanasius Sakharov wasebenza "enkonzweni yabo bonke abangcwele, ezweni laseRashiya.

Inzondo nokuhleka usulu

I-revolution, njengesivunguvungu esiyingozi, yachitha amachibi egazi lobuKristu. Uhulumeni omusha wabantu abesanda kumiswa waqala ukubhubhisa amathempeli, ukuqothula abefundisi nokuhleka usulu iziqu zabangcwele. Iziprofetho ezimbi zikaSt. John of Kronstadt ziye zagcwaliseka, futhi sekufikile uMbuso waseRussia. Kusukela manje kuphendukile waba unogwaja wezizwe, ozondayo futhi baqothule.

Ngo-1919, eVladimir, njengamadolobha amaningi aseRussia, ukubonakaliswa kwemibono engcwele ngaphambi kokuba abantu baqale, okwakusongelwa futhi kuhlekwa usulu. Ukumisa lezi zihlukumezi ezimbi, u-Hieromonk Athanasius, owayehola abefundisi baseVladimir, wamisa umlindi e-Assumption Cathedral.

Ethempelini ematafuleni kwakunezinhlamvu ezingcwele, noHeromonk Athanasius kanye nomfundi wehubo uPotapov Alexander, lapho bevula phambi kweminyango yezixuku, bamemezela: "Ubusisiwe uNkulunkulu wethu!" Ephendula wathi: "Amen!". Umthandazo wabangcwele abangcwele baseVladimir waqala. Yile ndlela ukuchithwa kwezinto ezingcwele, okufiswa yisixuku, kwaphenduka ukukhazimuliswa okukhulu. Abantu bangena ethempelini baqala ukuthandaza ngenhlonipho, beka amakhandlela eduze nezintambo bese bekhothamela.

Viceroy

Ngokushesha, uSakharov wayesevele engumbusi we-archimandrite omisiwe wezindela zasendulo zeBololyubsky noVladimir Ukuzalwa kukaMariya oNgcwele. Omunye wamaphuzu okujika empilweni yombhishobhi wabe eseqokwa njengombhishobhi we-Kovrov owawunqoba isonto laseVladimir. I- Patriarch of All Russia yabekwa umkhandlu omkhulu waseVladimir Sergius (Starogorodsky).

Kodwa-ke kwakukhona enye inkinga enkulu futhi ubuhlungu obukhulu ngenxa ye-Bishop Athanasius, eyaba yimbi kakhulu kunokulwa nokuphikisana kweziphathimandla ezingakholwayo ngokubhujiswa kwabo ngamabomu nokuvala amasonto - ukuvuselelwa kwamasonto "okwakhiwa kabusha" okwakudinga izinguquko ze-ROC.

Lezi imbewu zahlwanyelwa ngaphambi kokuguqulwa. Ngisho ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi wokulungiselela owenziwe kahle wenziwa ngaphakathi kwezindonga zezikole ezingokomoya kanye nemiphakathi yenkolo-yefilosofi, eyayiyingxenye yabefundisi abathile, abavela emvelweni we-intelligentsia ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa abaholi bamaRenovationist baxhomeke ngokuyinhloko kuma-conformists nalabo abazethembayo.

St. U-Afanasy Sakharov walwa ngokufutheka ngokumelene namaRenovationists, hhayi kakhulu ngezinkolelo zabo ezingamanga, kodwa ngenxa yokuhlubuka eBandleni likaKristu, ngenxa yesono samaJuda - ukukhashelwa ezandleni zabahlukumezi abangcwele, abelusi nabalandeli.

Umshumayeli omkhulu nomboshwa

U-Vladyka wachazela umhlambi wakhe ukuthi ama-schismatics aphikisana ne-episcopate yama-canonical, aphethwe yiPatriatrik Tikhon, ayengenalo ilungelo lokwenza amasakramente esonto, futhi amasonto lapho izinsizakalo zenziwa khona angenzi lutho.

Umpristi u-Athanasius Sakharov wancwelisa amasonto angcolisiwe. Wayekhuza labo abangazange baphenduke futhi wabakhuthaza ukuba balethe ukuphenduka. Wavimbela umhlambi wakhe ukuba uxoxe nabakwa-Renovationists, kodwa hhayi ukugcina intukuthelo yokuthola izinto ezingcwele, ngoba abangcwele bahlala njalo emoyeni kuphela ngamakholwa ase-Orthodox.

Isenzo esinjalo esinesivunguvungu asikwazanga ukungaqapheli abasebenzi basehulumeni omusha, futhi ngo-March 30, 1922, umfelandawonye waboshwa waboshwa okokuqala. Isikhundla sakhe etilongweni uMbhishobhi u-Afanasy Sakharov akazange abheke umthwalo osindayo futhi wabiza ngokuthi "umsunguli ovela kulokhu kuvuselelwa isifo."

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, wayekhathazekile ngalabo abahlala bekhululekile futhi bahlukunyezwa kakhulu nokucindezelwa okungenakubalwa. Umgwaqo wesikhathi eside olahlwe yilezi ziboshwa: Vladimirskaya (Vladimirskaya obl.), ITaganskaya noButyrskaya (eMoscow), iTurukhanskaya (Krasnoyarsk Territory) kanye namakamu: iSolovetsky no-Onega (esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk), iBelomoro-Baltic (Karelia), uMariinsky Esifundeni saseKemerovo), i-Temnikovsky (i-Mordovia), njll.

Isikhathi sakhe sokugcina saphela kuphela ngoNovemba 9, 1951, lapho eneminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha nane. Kodwa noma kunjalo lapho ayekuyo khona kanye nokuphela kwakhe kwakugcinwa ekusithekeni ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kokukhululwa komdala ogulayo kakhulu, bambeka endlini yabakhubazekile edolobheni lasePotma (eMordovia) ngaphansi kokuqondisa okuqinile, okungafani nezekamu.

Iziphetho

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka ye-1930, waboshwa kabili futhi wagwetshwe isijeziso esikhulu, kodwa wagwema ngokuyisimangaliso ukufa. Ekuqaleni kwempi nama-fascists, wathunyelwa ekamu lase-Onega. Iziboshwa zahamba ngesiteji ngezinyawo, zihudula ngokwazo, umgwaqo wawunzima futhi ulambile. Umsindisi wayebuthakathaka kakhulu kangangokuba waze wafa, kodwa futhi iNkosi yamsindisa.

Ngemuva kwekamu le-Onega, isanta sathunyelwa ekuthunjweni okungapheli esifundeni saseTyumen. Kwesinye sezifuyo zombuso eduze nomuzi waseGolyshmanovo, wasebenza emasimini njengomlindi wobusuku, wabe esethunyelwa edolobheni lase-Ishim, lapho engasinda khona, ngenxa yemithombo yabangane bakhe nabantwana abangokomoya.

Ebusika ngo-1942, umbhishobhi wathunyelwa eMoscow ngokumangalelwa kwamanga, lapho ahlonywa khona izinyanga eziyisithupha (njengokujwayelekile, ebusuku). Ukuphenywa kwakunesikhathi eside futhi kuqeda, uma kuphele amahora ayisishiyagalolunye. Kodwa umbhishobhi akazange akhiphe noma yiliphi igama futhi akazange asayine ukuzibulala. Wanikwa iminyaka engu-8 emakamu aseMariinsky (esifundeni saseKemerovo). Kulezi zindawo, izitha zamaSoviet zaziyizihluku. Abantu abanjalo banikezwa umsebenzi onosizi futhi onzima.

Ehlobo lika-1946, inkosi yaphinde yalahlwa, futhi yaphinde yathunyelwa eMoscow, kodwa ngokushesha ummemezeli washintsha ubufakazi bakhe, futhi umbhishobhi wathumela amakamu kumaTemkokovs (uMordovia). Lapho wakhonza isikhathi kuze kube sekupheleni. Impilo yakhe yanciphisa futhi wayengeke asebenze noma yimuphi umsebenzi womzimba, noma kunjalo, ngokuhlakanipha wenza izicathulo ezincane. Ngemva konyaka wathunyelwa eDubrovlag (uMordovia ofanayo), lapho uSt. U-Athanasius wayengasasebenzi ngokudala nangempilo.

Ilondoloza ukholo

Akunjalo uSt. Athanasius Sakharov akazange alahlekelwe ukholo eNkosini futhi wayeMbonga ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesihe esikhulu sokuhlupheka kancane kuYe. Umsebenzi ekamu bekulokhu kuphazamisa futhi kuvame ukuyingozi ngenxa yezigebengu ezinonya nezishisayo. Ngesinye isikhathi, lapho esebenza njengomqoqo, waphangiwe, futhi iziphathimandla zanikeza izigwegwe ezinzima kuye, wabe eseza unyaka kuze kube yisikhathi esiphezulu.

Ku-Solovki Afanasy Sakharov, uMbhishobhi waseKovrov, wagula nge-typhus, futhi futhi ukufa kwakhe kwasekusondele kuye, kepha ngomusa omkhulu kaNkulunkulu waphinde waphila.

Ejele nasemakamu, wayehlala ephethe isimiso sesonto. Wayekwazi nokugcina izikhala eziqinile, wathola ithuba lokulungiselela ukudla okunomsoco.

Kwabanye, waba ummangalelwa, owakhuthaza futhi wamduduza ngobuqotho labo ababemcela kuye usizo nokusekelwa. Ngokweqile wayengeke atholakale, wayesebenza njalo emanothini e-liturgical, iconsed icons icons nge ubuhlalu futhi enakekela abagulayo.

Ingabe

Ngo-Mashi 7, 1955, oyiNgcwele. Ekugcineni u-Athanasius wakhululwa endlini yaseZubovo-Polyansky engavumelekile. Futhi waqala ukuya edolobheni laseTutayev (esifundeni saseYaroslavl), wabe eseya edolobheni lasePetushki esifundeni saseVladimir.

Kubonakala sengathi ukhululekile, kodwa iziphathimandla zazilokhu zivimbela izenzo zakhe. Emzaneni, wavunyelwa ukuba akhonze esontweni kuphela ngeminyango evaliwe ngaphandle kwemigqoko yombhishobhi. Kodwa u-Afanasy Sakharov wayengesabi lutho. Imithandazo eya eNkosini yamnika induduzo futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ithemba lesindiso.

Ngo-1957 ihhovisi likashushisi wesifunda saseVladimir laphinde laqala ukuphenya icala lakhe kusukela ngo-1936. Umsanta wabuye walinda ukuphenywa. Iziphakamiso zakhe zokuzivikela azange zilethe imiphumela emihle futhi zazingavumelani abaphenyi, ngakho akazange avuselelwe.

Ubungcwele nokuphikiswa okusha

Iminyaka yokugcina uVladyka wathola injabulo enkulu ezinkonzweni zikaNkulunkulu kuZiqu-zintathu-uSergius Lavra, lapho ayekade ekhishwa khona. Izikhathi eziningana wakhonza uPatricia Alexy (uSimansky). Ngelinye ilanga kwelinye lezinsizakalo, bonke abakhulekeli baphawula ukuthi ngesikhathi se-Canon Canon of the Elder kwakubonakala sengathi uhlobo oluthile lwamandla lwaluhamba kahle - imilenze yakhe yayingathinti phansi.

Kwabe sekufika iminyaka okuthiwa yi-Khrushchev, kepha isigaba esisha sokushushiswa kwamahhala eSonto Lama-Orthodox laqala.

Ngaleso sikhathi uVladyka wandisa imithandazo yakhe kubo bonke abangcwele baseRussia kanye noMvikeli weRussia eya eNgcwelengcwele iTheotokos. Wayengafuni ukuphambuka emzabalazweni wokulwa nobubi obusondelayo, futhi ngokushesha wazama ukumcela ukuba aqokwe umbhishobhi we-vicar. Kodwa-ke, impilo eguqukisiwe kakhulu yamvimbela ukuba aqhubeke nenkonzo yomphakathi. Kodwa akazange adikibale. Ngokuphambene nalokho, emakamu nasemajele wagcwala umusa kaNkulunkulu osindisa namandla futhi njalo wathola izifundo zokunakekela umphefumulo wakhe.

Kwakusemgodini omnyama futhi ompunga ukuthi wadala insizakalo engavamile ngomqondo wezombusazwe kubo bonke abangcwele baseRussia. Ukuphelela kwayo, itholakala ngemva kokuxoxisana namasosha, izikhulu ezahlala naye emgodini. Omunye walaba babusi bezikhundla kwakunguMbhishobhi omkhulu kaTver Thaddeus, owakhazimuliswa yibandla njengomfel 'ukholo ongcwele.

Afanasy Sakharov: mayelana nokukhunjulwa kwabafileyo neminye imisebenzi

Lapho umama weNkosi efa, waxoshwa ukuba abhale imithandazo eshisayo ngaye nomsebenzi wakhe oyisisekelo "Ekukhunjweni komuntu oshonile ngaphansi kweCharter of the PC" wazalwa. Lo msebenzi wawuhlonishwa kakhulu yiMetropolitan Kirill (Smirnov).

Ngo-Agasti 1941, uSt. Athanasius wabhala "uMoleben becula ngeBlandland", eyayigcwele amandla angavamile okukhuleka nokuphenduka okukhulu.

Ngesikhathi eside eboshiwe, wasebenza kanzima emisebenzini enjalo yokuthandaza ngokuthi "Mayelana nalabo abadabukile nezimo ezihlukahlukene", "Ngezitha ezizondayo futhi zisikhubekisa", "Kulabo ababoshiwe nokuboshwa", "Ekupheleni kwezimpi nokuthula kwezwe lonke" "," Thanksgiving ukuthola ukwesekwa ". Lezi kwakuyimisebenzi esemqoka ka-Afanasy Sakharov. Umsanta wahlabelela imithandazo yakhe kuNkulunkulu ngisho nasemasangweni okufa, futhi iNkosi igcina impilo yesikhonzi seSonto ne-Fatherland.

Eminyakeni edlulayo yokulingwa, akazange alahlekelwe ukholo, kodwa wanezela kuphela. Ukuvuma imini nobusuku ngoKristu, isanta esitholakala emphefumulweni wakhe othobekile ukukhanya komoya ongcwele, ongenalo izwe. Kuleli zwe, abantu bathambekele kusukela nxazonke.

Wonke umuntu wayefuna induduzo nokuthula emphefumulweni. Bahlangana nomuntu ogcwele umthandazo ongapheli ngomuntu ngamunye. Akazange akhononde ngesikhathi esedlule futhi wonke umuntu wathola amazwi enduduzo, uthando nomusa. U-Vladyka wabelane ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe, wembula incazelo yevangeli kanye nempilo yabangcwele abangcwele. Amabhuku ka-Afanasiy Sakharov yaba izincwadi zetafula zabapristi naba-Orthodox.

Ngemuva kweziphetho, ngenkathi ehlala ekuthunjweni iminyaka engama-22, umgcini we-saint wathola izinhlamvu ezingamakhulu eziningana ngonyaka. NgeMikhosi Emihle KaKhisimusi nePhasika, wathumela amaphasela nezincwadi eziduduzayo kulabo abaswele. Izingane ezingokomoya zeNkosi zamtshela ukuthi wayelula futhi enake kakhulu ekukhulumisaneni, ngoba noma yikuphi, ngisho nokuncinyane, wazama ngangokunokwenzeka ukubonga.

Wahlala ngokuthobeka, futhi ukubonakala kwakhe kwakungeyona into eyinhloko kuye. Inkazimulo nodumo kuye kwakungabalulekile, wafundisa ukuphila ivangeli nokwenza okuhle ukuthola izithelo zokubuyisela ezulwini.

Ukufa nokuxoshwa

Ngo-August 1962, Master waqala okulungiselela ukufa. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje ukuba uphume Laura Ubusisiwe phezu izinsuku sigubha wamashumi omahlanu ka-yezifungo Izigodlo owayeyinxusa Archimandrite Pimen, umphathi womnyango Archimandrite Theodoret, wesigodlo kanye umambuli uCyril. Ngalolu suku, njengoba kwakunjalo ngoLwesine, lo saint ubekade isimo Blissful futhi wayibusisa leyo samanje. ukufa sangoLwesihlanu beza kuye, futhi wayengasakwazi ukukhuluma, wathandaza yena kuphela. Ngu kusihlwa ukuthi wamane wazithulela washo la mazwi: "Umthandazo uzokusindisa zonke!", Khona-ke isandla sakhe wabhala ingubo: "Nkosi, ngisindise".

Ngo-1962, ngo-October 28 ovukweni lomkhosi St Ioanna Suzdalskogo zenzisa ixhegu ngokuthula waya eNkosini. Lehora nosuku wafa, wayazi kusengaphambili. umbono wakhe uMbhishobhi Afanasiy Saharov ufihle futhi uthola kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, bese kuphela ukuze usize abanye.

Ngo-2000, igama lakhe kwathiwa abagcotshwa lombhishobhi Arihiereyskim e ebusweni okusha Abafel 'ukholo futhi izono Russian. Namuhla e Petushki kukhona isonto lapho afike wathandaza khona Afanasiy Saharov. I izinsalela ongcwele futhi elingukungaboli nayo agcinwe lapho, ayabasiza abantu umthandazo wawo kanye nokuvikelwa, kuvela eNkosini.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngempilo saint kungatholakala encwadini ethi "Yeka induduzo enkulu ukholo lwethu", iqukethe incwadi acubungula umambuli olukhulu St Augustine.