IVangeli likaJesu 'Umfazi kungenzeka zakhiwa

Harvard UProfesa uKaren L. King savela ezihlokweni eziphambili zamaphephandaba Izihloko zamaphephandaba emhlabeni wonke ngo-2012, lapho etshelwa ukuthi ukhona papyrus amancane, owawuthi UJesu eseshadile. Mshini beyibonakala ikhasi dephula inoveli "I Da Vinci Code" Dena Brauna. Kodwa manje UProfesa uyavuma ukuthi kuyinto kakhulu mbumbulu Cishe. Ucwaningo olusha ngomsuka papyrus kwamenza ngokuphelele izingqondo zabo futhi wamukele ukuthi maningi amathuba okuthi manga.

isitatimende ethusayo ngesikhathi International Congress of Coptic Ucwaningo

Ngo-September 2012, uprofesa waseHarvard University uKaren L. King, ofundisa umlando kwesikhathi lamaKristu okuqala, kwashaqisa izilaleli zezemfundo ngesikhathi International Congress of Coptic Studies, echaza ngokuningiliziwe isinqamu papyrus yaseGibhithe, eyayinekheli ubufakazi lokuqala aziwayo ukuthi UJesu eseshadile. Ekhulwini lesine imigca eziyisishiyagalombili akuphelele, okuyinto eziqukethwe kuyi-papyrus, kwakubhalwe amazwi athi, "UJesu wathi kubo:" Mina nomkami, "" futhi emgqeni olandelayo: ". Yena ongaba umfundi wami" Inkosi wagcizelela ukuthi "IVangeli Unkosikazi kaJesu" ngeke kuthathwe njengobufakazi bokuthi uJesu zomlando beshadile wake, kusukela abukho ubufakazi ukusekela lokhu. Noma kunjalo, wayenesifiso unethemba lokuthi mshini iyiqiniso, kusukela ukuhlaziya ochwepheshe ababili ensimini lalibonisa iqiniso ukuthi lokhu i-papyrus yasendulo.

ukuphendula umphakathi

ngokushesha Lesi sitatimende kwadala impikiswano, ngoba empeleni sishintsha ubuKristu yonke ulwazi lwethu mayelana nakho. ICodex ngokuthi le manga-papyrus yesimanje. Abanye ozakwabo King, bengabaza ukuthi ubuqiniso mshini, waveza amaphutha yohlelo lokubhala e-papyrus, okungase neze kubekezelelwe yenethiwekhi Coptic lwesigodi. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi papyrus angase likopishwe kusukela komunye umbhalo wasendulo - iVangeli uThomas. Nokho, ngo-2014, eHarvard University lanyathelisa imiphumela Radiocarbon ukuhlaziywa nokunye ukuhlolwa kwesayensi ukuthi abuthole ubufakazi bumbela. I-papyrus kuthiwa walotshwa lesikhombisa noma lwesishiyagalombili AD leminyaka, kwaba nabantu bezizwe ezixubile inki ukulingana sikhathi.

isihloko ukwambulwa

Isihloko entsha eyabhalwa intatheli Ariel Sabar ezavela udaba yakamuva Atlantic Magazine, ngokuthi zebungu inkohliso. Nakuba inkosi iye yaqinisekisa ukuthi babona ubufakazi bokuthi ukuthengwa ngo-1999 yomnikazi mshini, ababefisa ukuthi bahlale bengaziwa, awuzange ube okuningi ngomsuka walo ukulandelela eminye. Nokho, Sabar, olwenziwe ucwaningo olunzulu kumnikazi wathola igama lakhe. Bathola Valter noFrits, ohlala eFlorida.

Wayengubani umnikazi we-mshini?

Ngokusho Fritz, yathenga i-mshini ngo-November 1999, kanye nabanye-papyrus nomlingani wakhe ibhizinisi Hans-Ulrich Laukampa, owashona ngo-2002. Nokho, iinhlobo zenu nabangani benu Laukampa wathi wayengalokothi nentshisekelo zakudala, wayengenamahloni eJalimane ngesikhathi lapho, ngokuvumelana Fritz, kwakukhona ukudayiswa-papyrus. Imibhalo ye ubunikazi mshini kungenzeka futhi bhila.

Fritz yavuma ukuthi kwaba umnikazi we-papyrus, kodwa sebekubeke waphika izinsika zakhe. Yena okuqinisekisiwe ukuthi yena noma iyiphi inkampani yangaphandle akasoze oqanjiwe, akukashintshi futhi ungazange lwenziwa yimuphi omunye zokukhwabanisa izinto eziningi ezenziwe ngobungcweti imibhalo-ke njengoba yathengwa. Nokho, uFritz, owayefundelwa Egyptology futhi IsiCoptic e 1980 - 1990 e Berlin, futhi wabe esebalekela inkampani inikeza ngamasevisi ukuze abaqoqi, unolwazi futhi ikhono lokufeza manipulations ezinjalo.

kungenzeka falsification

Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwesayensi sinqume ukuthi papyrus Lokudabuka lasendulo, akusho ukuthi angawi ezandleni obekhanda yesimanje. Isihloko sithi ukuthi umuntu angakwazi ukuthola ucezu papyrus yasendulo (mhlawumbe ngisho EBay, lapho kwakudala kuvame wadayiswa endalini), uhlanganise uyinki ngokusho zokupheka ubudala futhi tolerably ukukopisha isitayela Coptic, ikakhulukazi uma lo muntu kwadingeka abanye yesayensi ukuqeqeshwa.

Harvard Uprofesa Iziphetho

Ngemva kokufunda izihloko nokutadisha izimpawu ecacile bumbela Inkosi yavuma, ethi isinqamu - maningi amathuba mbumbulu. Wavuma ukuthi wayengakaze ezobhekwa, lapho Fritz got mshini, futhi akazange sizozama ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso imibhalo wasishiyela ngemvelaphi Kusolakala nge-papyrus. Inkosi yathi kwakuzokwenzekani nolunye uvivinyo, kulapho ukuthi zebungu ayesengayigcina zingaphenduka kweqiniso, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi indaba ivelaphi Akucaci ngokuphelele.

Naphezu kwalezi zimo ezinhle vulamehlo futhi iNkosi noma abameleli Harvard akahambi ukuphrinta ukuhoxiswa. Abahleli kuphawulwe isitatimende ukuthi ugweme ukwenza izibopho empikiswaneni ubuqiniso Isiqeshana se-papyrus. Abahleli ukuthi, njengoba umagazini neze kushiwo isikhundla salo ngalolu daba, manje futhi akudingekile ukuba wenze isitatimende.

Nokho, iNkosi wathi ngeke azilahle umsebenzi wabo. Ngokusho umsebenzi wakhe ucwaningo uyavuma njalo ukuthi kungenzeka manga. "Bengilokhu waqonda njengoba inkulumo isayensi, - uthi. - wena ukuveza imibono yenu emihle kakhulu, bese abantu benze imibono emisha kanye nobufakazi. Kodwa wena namanje waqhubeka esebenza. " Nokho iNkosi wathi ukuthi uyawuqonda into eyodwa. Wayengeke uyavumelana ukusebenza zobuciko kubanikazi engaziwa.