Phenol Ukulungiselela: Izindlela eziyinhloko

Phenol kuyinto kungekho nto enemibala emihle okuqinile crystal isakhiwo iphunga eqondile. Le into is kabanzi womshini udayi ahlukahlukene, epulasitikini futhi nezindwangu zokwenziwa ehlukahlukene (ikakhulukazi inayiloni). Ngaphambi kokuba lezi zindawo Petrochemical umkhakha ekukhiqizeni phenol kwenziwa kuphela kusuka amalahle yomsizi netiyela. Yiqiniso, le ndlela uye wahluleka yonkhe izidingo mkhakha ochumayo e phenol, manje isibe ebalulekile cishe zonke izinto ezisizungezile.

Phenol, ukulungiswa okuyinto uye edingekayo ngenxa obhekwe ezihlukahlukene kakhulu izinto ezintsha futhi izinto isithako ezibalulekile kulo isetshenziswa synthesis resin phenol-formaldehyde. Futhi yena, yona, kuyinto ebalulekile phenolics. Futhi, semali phenol iguqulwe ibe cyclohexanol edingekayo ngokukhiqiza nezindwangu zokwenziwa e ngezinga ezimbonini.

Esinye isici esibalulekile kwesicelo we phenol kungenziwa isehlane ukukhiqizwa cresol ingxube, okwakubekelwa kwemiqondo kreozolformadelgidnuyu resin esetshenziselwa yokukhiqiza sebuningini yezokwelapha izidakamizwa, antiseptics kanye Antioxidants. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola phenol namuhla obuningi kakhulu umsebenzi obalulekile petrochemicals. Kakade ithuthukiswe eziningi izindlela Le hormone ikhona eziningi ezanele. Ake sicabangele ayinhloko.

Indlela endala futhi efakazelwe indlela encibilika i alikhali, okuyinto libhekene ukusetshenziswa eliphezulu sulfuric acid ngoba sulfonation ka-benzene futhi caustic kulandele fusing kubo benzolsulfonatrievuyu usawoti, kusukela lapho izidakamizwa ngqo futhi imelela. Ukulungiswa phenol ngu chlorination ka-benzene, kulandele chlorobenzene saponification ne-sodium hydroxide ngokunenzuzo kuphela uma kwenzeka izinto eziningi amandla ezishibhile oludingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe chlorine ne caustic. I yokuntula main yaleli su - isidingo ukudala umfutho ophakeme (hhayi eziphindwe esingaphansi ezingamakhulu amathathu) kanye degree eside kakhulu ukugqwala imishini.

Indlela yesimanje ukunikeza phenol ngu yokubola cumene hydroperoxide. Nokho, uhlelo ukwabiwa kwakwakhe oyifunayo abasakwazi eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba ubiza ngoku-ukukhiqizwa hydroperoxide alkylation inqubo isixazululo benzene propylene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe sihlinzekela namachibi we okuholela isopropyl emoyeni ingxube ukwakha hydroperoxide. Ngenxa isici esihle yaleli su kungenziwa kuphawulwe parallel ukulungiswa phenol enye indaba ebaluleke - acetone.

Kukhona indlela uhlukanisa phenol kusukela coking futhi carbonization resin fuel okuqinile izinto. Le nqubo kuyadingeka hhayi kuphela ukukhiqiza phenol abalulekile, kodwa futhi ngcono ikhwalithi imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene hydrocarbon. Omunye izakhiwo phenol kuyinto namachibi okusheshayo, okuholela ukuguga yanda futhi kumiswa uwoyela therein viscous netiyela-like izingxenyana zaso.

Kodwa indlela yesimanje kakhulu futhi inoveli ekufezeni umkhakha Petrochemical kuyinto ukuthola phenol kusukela benzene yi namachibi oqondile yayo i-nitrous oxide. Yonke inqubo wenziwa ophendulayo ekhethekile adiabatic, lapho ekwandeni kuyinto zeolite. I kokuqala i-nitrous oxide ezivezwa namachibi ammonia ne emoyeni noma kwemihlambi adipic acid. Okuningi ngokunembile, izingxenye zalo imikhiqizo ezimbili ayakha ngesikhathi zamagama. Lobu buchwepheshe uyakwazi ukuthola phenol okumsulwa kakhulu nge okuqukethwe ubuncane Imininingwane amanyela.