Miatlinskaya HPP: incazelo, umlando kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Miatlinskaya HPP libhekisela Sulanskomu emifula. Isiteshi isendaweni River Sulak e Dagestan, eduze nedolobhana Miatli. Imisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko - ugesi, kuyinto konrregulyatorom Chirkeyskaya HPP (etholakala enhla), imithombo yamanzi esuka kwesigubhu e Makhachkala (inhlokodolobha Dagestan). Station, kuqhathaniswa izinto eziningi zalolu hlobo, incane ngobukhulu kodwa eyingqayizivele isakhiwo nokuba yinkimbinkimbi ukwakhiwa. Njengengxenye sesimanje wonke amandla eyinkimbinkimbi eRussia lisakhiwa esiteshini.

Qala umsebenzi

Ngenkathi kwakhiwa Chirkeyskaya HPP lwembula ukuthi inani lamanzi kukhishelwa kumele kushintshwe, ngakho ngo-1973 kwanqunywa ukuba uqale ukwakhiwa lomunye esiteshini. Zonke umsebenzi kwenziwa ezimweni ezinzima zezintaba. Ikhanda lokuqala lo msebenzi waba uchwepheshe ohamba phambili ku-lwaleli edamini DA Shandalov, oshiye le lizwe ngemva nje kokuqala umsebenzi, ngaphandle kokubona indlela Miatlinsky amandla plant kuzokwethulwa.

Umlando ukwakhiwa esiteshini kwaba ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngo-1976, kucwila komgwaqo uqalwe, okwaholela Ushintsho emthambekeni futhi ukubukeka kumhambela ibhange kwesokudla komfula, lapho kwakukhona izinto eziningana iziteshi esizayo. Ochwepheshe baye bazama ukulungisa isimo ngosizo izakhiwo ubunjiniyela, kodwa ingozi nciphisa ugciniwe.

Kudluliswa ukwakhiwa

Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha luhlobo esizayo wathola indawo amakhilomitha amabili ngezansi kwedamu. Umphumela walezi zinguquko waba inkinga lonke uhlelo, kwathatha okwami ukwakhiwa yokwanda tank (ubukhulu: 25 m, ukujula - 76 metres), komsele umdlalo (1700 metres), Ukwethula avtotunnelya (1500 metres) ohlangothini lwesobunxele.

ukuqondanisa eyeqayo esisempumalanga yoMfula Sulak kwenzeka ngo-1980, lapho uqondiswe ukugeleza kwamanzi kwi ngemba umdlalo Umhubhe. Ukuze amaKristu adumise abakhi zihlanganisa yokuthi ukwakhiwa izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi Arch edamini isizini eyodwa nje. Uma lokhu iye yingcweti ubuchwepheshe obusha tiered umsebenzi ukhonkolo, ukugcwaliswa sokuqala senzeka ngo-1983, esikhathini esifanayo aphethwe sboyka avtotunnelya. traffic Vehicular emgwaqeni omkhulu futhi ibhuloho wavulwa ngonyaka ka-1984.

ukuqalisa lokuqala

Ngo-1985 yaqala ukufakwa ibutho lokuqala, izikhukhula kuhlelwe kwesigubhu senzeka ekupheleni konyaka. Miatlinskaya HPP umkhankaso ibutho lokuqala wokubacindezela ngo-December 1985, ngo-January 1986, wanikeza wamanje zezimboni, ehlobo esiteshini umkhankaso iyunithi yesibili wokubacindezela, owawungumnyaka isiqalo umthwalo esiteshini egcwele.

kwesigubhu emifula yagcwala kuze kufinyelele ezingeni nalehleliwe 154 amakhilomitha ngo-1987. Yokwanda ithangi Miatlinskaya HPP has a ubude mayelana 15 amakhilomitha ngesikhathi ububanzi amamitha 300, amamitha angu-60 ukujula. Watershed ku esizalweni somfula usesikhundleni ivolumu 13.3 km. cc., futhi endaweni mayelana 14 m ^3, amandla Imininingwane ezisebenzisekayo we abakule ndawo okuthathwe kuyo km 16.2 kuya 32.7. cu. amanzi Ukusingathwa ukugeleza ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo kuyinto 3000 m ³ / s at umthwalo esiphezulu. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa ethangini ngaphansi izikhukhula hit 151 ha umhlaba wokulima.

Miatlinsky amandla plant: ukubuyekeza

Incazelo takhiwo siteshi:

• idamu Arch. Umklamo lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako: esiteshini, ingenye eliyingqayizivele futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. amadamu Arch eyakhelwe ezintathu e-USSR - Meatlinskaya HPP Chirkey HPP Gunibskaya HPP. Ukuphakama idamu 86,5 amamitha, ubude 179 amamitha.
• Ukwakha Umhubhe.
• Ukwakha izitshalo Hydropower phezu lomfula Sulak.
• Nokulingana kwesigubhu.
• Penstocks.
• Ukuhamba emgudwini edamini umdlalo.

Miatlinskaya esiteshini elincane emifula, umthamo salo 220 MW, ngonyaka ukhiqiza cishe bayizigidi ezingu-700 KW / h. Ogibele ezimbili emifula amanzi ophephela, amandla ngamunye okuyinto 110 MW ngesikhathi ikhanda wamanzi 46 amamitha ngomzuzwana. Engineering esiteshini wahlanganyela Institute "Lengidroproekt".

izinkinga yamanzi eziphehla ugesi

Miatlinsky amandla plant emfuleni Sulak ngo-2014 ungaphakathi inqubo umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-operation kwaba sobala ukuthi phezu ngemicu abaphehla ugesi wokubacindezela ngokushesha imifantu, ngenxa okuyinto edingekayo ukulungisa njalo. ophephela umfutholuketshezi efakwe izinga akahlukile nabanye abasebenza kwamanye iziteshi, kodwa izimo lapho behlala, kakhulu, amanzi Isivinini kuyinto 46 amamitha ngomzuzwana, yingakho ikhaba kungalimala kalula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa anda amandla okufunwa kudingeka kwaphakama umthamo amandla okukhipha. Njengengxenye sesimanje olunzulu inkampani "RusHydro" Uhlelo usayine isivumelwano ne umenzi Austrian Voith Hydro nokulethwa kanye esikhundleni impellers kokubili amayunithi wokubacindezela.

umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha

Ngo-2015, ukuvuselelwa ophephela lokuqala wokubacindezela, njengoba kuhlelwe kuphi Kwakuseshwa, kwakukhona ukumiselelwa impeller. Inama izindwani eziyisikhombisa kokuba amandla anda (ngaphezu kuka-2 amathani ku blade ngamunye), isisindo jikelele waleli sondo ifinyelela amathani 128. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza elingenazinkinga singezelelwe uwoyela ingcindezi umqondo simiso kuze 63 izikhathi eziphindwe (kwaba 40 atm.), Lesi sinyathelo ovunyelwe inciphise uwoyela idliwe ngcono ukusebenza kwemvelo. Izinyathelo ezithathwe waqinisekisa ukwanda umthamo, futhi esikhathini esizayo othembisa amandla amaningi.

Ngaphandle Hydro isondo ophephela, kwakukhona uhlelo esikhundleni control, generator kagesi ikhava Ukuvikelwa futhi Hydro abaphehla ugesi. Amandla ophephela lande laba ngu-113 MW. A ophephela yesibili kwakunguDodayi ukudabula isigaba efanayo kabusha, kodwa umsebenzi imisiwe.

imisebenzi kuhlelwe

Indawo lapho Miatlinsky amandla plant libhekisela elamadwala futhi umfula Sulak ngokuvamile "ezingezwakali" ngakho azokuqhubela okuhleliwe scan, ukulungisa kanye yokuhlanza wesiteshi umdlalo kubalulekile for ukusebenza emifula izitshalo amandla. umsebenzi Zokuzivikela wenziwa kanye njalo iminyaka emashumi mathathu, okuyinto kwenzekeni ngo-Okthoba 2016.

Njengoba esiteshini kwethulwa Umhubhe derivational neze omisiwe, ukuphakama kwayo elingamamitha 12 futhi ububanzi-15 metres, ubude 1.7 amakhilomitha. Sokukhipha amanzi komsele edingekayo ukuze singaphindi singene emanzini futhi ulungiselele ukuthi siphakamise amasango kudoti sohlelo, bese kwesigaba eduze futhi uqhubekele komsele nkinga. Ukuvalwa kukhuphuke ngo-crane, abakubonisayo isakhiwo multi-ton kunyakaza okuyinto engavumelekile itholakala kuphela ngosizo ubuchwepheshe.

Umhubhe ukuhlolwa olwenziwa laser ukuskena futhi ngendlela ezivamile - by ukuhlolwa izisebenzi. izinkinga Global (imifantu, voids) zitholiwe, kanye ukushuba we Monolithic thusi ukhonkolo hhayi kwephulwe endaweni eyodwa. ukulungiswa ezincane sisadingeka. Ukugcwalisa emgqeni amanzi kwaba njalo - yesivalo amasango evulekile ngamasentimitha 15 kuphela, kodwa ngokwanele ukuba amathani amanzi aqala ohlelweni. Namuhla Miatlinsky amandla plant ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile.