Amaseli macrophage. Kuyini futhi lokho abanakho imisebenzi

Lesi sihloko sixoxa mshini kumiswa amasosha omzimba, isb izakhiwo umzimba ukuvikela amaseli baso engibukhulumile kwamagciwane (antigen) noma abangelwa (lamagciwane). Amasosha omzimba zingase zimiswe ngezindlela ezimbili. Eyokuqala libizwa humoral libhekene isizukulwane elikhethekile amaprotheni zokuzivikela - gamma-globulin, kanti eyesibili - iseli, ogxile lo mkhuba phagocytosis. Sibangelwa ukwakheka kwezitho ezihlobene endocrine kanye amasosha omzimba, namangqamuzana akhethekile: lymphocyte, monocytes, basophils, ama-macrophage.

Amaseli, ama-macrophage: kuyini?

Ama-macrophage kanye namanye amangqamuzana zokuzivikela (monocytes) kukhona ezinkulu izakhiwo phagocytosis - inqubo bamba kanye Ukugaya izinto angaphandle noma abangelwa okuyinto zisongele ukuphila okuvamile umzimba. Kuchazwe indlela zokuzivikela kwatholakala futhi wafundelwa physiologist Russian Mechnikov ngo-1883. Ubelokhu wathola ukuthi amasosha omzimba yeselula libhekisela phagocytosis - Ukusabela zokuzivikela evikela amaseli ufuzo of umphumela olimazayo ejenti angaphandle, ngokuthi antigen.

Kuyadingeka ukuba siqonde impikiswano: macrophage - amaseli lokhu? Khumbula cytogenesis yabo. La mangqamuzana zihlobene monocytes, lokhu kuye kwashiya egazini ukungena nezicubu. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi diapedesis. Umphumela kuba kumiswa macrophage ku parenchyma kwesibindi, iphaphu, izindlala zamanzi kanye ubende.

Ngokwesibonelo, ama-macrophage alveolar kwakhulunywa nabo okokuqala nge kwamagciwane babambeke parenchyma yamaphaphu ngu-receptor ethize. Khona-ke lamasosha ukuzikisa kanye inhlabamkhosi antigen kanye Amagciwane, kanjalo ivikela izitho zokuphefumula kusuka ejenti pathogenic ubuthi, kanye ukubhubhisa izinhlayiya amakhemikhali anobuthi emaphashini ne ingxenye emoyeni ngesikhathi ugqozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi ezingeni lokuzivivinya mzimba ka-macrophage alveolar amaseli afanayo zokuzivikela igazi - monocytes.

Izici isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi ukubulawa amasosha omzimba

amaseli Phagocytic akheke ethize cytological, ebheka umsebenzi ama-macrophage. Yabo cell ulwelwesi uyakwazi ukwakha pseudopodia kokukhonza engalibaleki futhi esigubuzele izinhlayiya angaphandle. I cytoplasm ugcwele organelles wokugaya ukudla - lysosomes ukuqinisekisa lysis ubuthi, amagciwane noma amagciwane. Mitochondria Zikhona, Kuhlanganisa engqamuzaneni triphosphate adenosine, okuyinto esemqoka amandla izidakamizwa macrophage. Kukhona simiso amashubhu futhi ijabulise - the reticulum endoplasmic kuya organelles amaprotheni-Kuhlanganisa - ribosomes. Kuyadingeka khona eyodwa noma ngaphezulu nuclei, ngokuvamile ijamo okungajwayelekile. ama-macrophage Polynuclear ngokuthi symplasts. Basuke kwakhiwa ngenxa karyokinesis intracellular, ngaphandle uhlukanisa iningi cytoplasm.

izinhlobo macrophage

Kuyadingeka ukuba ucabangele okulandelayo, esebenzisa igama elithi "ama-macrophage" ukuthi lena akuyona enye uhlobo izakhiwo omzimba bese tsitosistema ahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlukanisa amaseli esinqunyiwe kanye khulula zokuzivikela. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa macrophage alveolar, phagocytes parenchyma izimbotshana kanye izitho zangaphakathi. Futhi wabeka ukubulawa amasosha omzimba ekhona ukubunjwa osteoblasts futhi zamanzi. Depot negazi ukwakha izinhlaka - isibindi, ubende kanye abomvu umnkantsha - aqukethe macrophage isilungisiwe.

Uyini amasosha omzimba iseli aqashwe

Imihlobo ngaphezulu phagocytes makrofagicheskuyu ezihlanganiswe isimiso esiphumelela kakhulu okuyinto ngqo inikeza ikhono simelane ejenti pathogenic futhi ezinobuthi, futhi ayibhubhise ngu athumba futhi ukugaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-amasosha omzimba yeselula uhlelo inikeza amasosha omzimba ezivezwa T- B-lymphocyte, ahlangana ukuvundulula antigen of amagciwane kanye nezinambuzane intracellular rickettsiae futhi chlamydiae.

Neuropathy mzimba izitho igazi-ukwakha, amalaka ethulwa, ubende kanye lymph node, akha obusebenzayo uhlelo olulodwa elihlangabezana negazi, futhi immunogenez.

Indima macrophage kwetinhlavu inkumbulo mzimba

Ngemva contact nge antigen amaseli uyakwazi phagocytosis, lona wamuva bayakwazi "khumbula" iphrofayli kwamakhemikhali pathogen futhi unesibopho zokukhiqiza omzimba ke kabusha Ukungena okwenzeka engqamuzaneni eliphilayo. Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili imemori immunological: emihle nemibi. Zombili zingezakhe umphumela womsebenzi lymphocyte akhiqizwa thymus, ubende, zingcwecwe in the emathunjini odongeni zamanzi. Lezi zihlanganisa nemikhiqizo lymphocyte - amaseli bese monocytes - macrophage.

Kutholakale i-memory immunological esihle kakhulu isizathu bokuphila ngoba umgomo njengoba indlela ekuvimbeleni izifo ezithathelwanayo. Njengoba amaseli inkumbulo ngokushesha aqaphele antigen ezisesandleni wokugoma, masinyane ukuhlangabezana kumiswa okusheshayo omzimba zokuzivikela. Lo mkhuba yizinkumbulo ezimbi mzimba kubonelelwe ukufakelwa ukunciphisa izinga ukungamukeleki kwezitho utshalwe nezicubu.

Ubudlelwano we hematopoietic futhi mzimba izinhlelo

Wonke amaseli abathintekayo umzimba sokuvikelwa yayo yokulwa Amagciwane kanye ezinobuthi ekhiqizwa kuleli umnkantsha wethambo, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi isitho hematopoietic. Thymus noma thymus okuhlobene ohlelweni endocrine, umsebenzi we omzimba isizinda nesakhiwo. Esikhathini umzimba womuntu, futhi abomvu umnkantsha, thymus futhi, eqinisweni, izitho avelele immunogenesis.

amaseli Phagocytic ukubhubhisa Amagciwane avame ephelezelwa ukuvuvukala emisipheni elinegciwane eziyishumi nemitshingo. Lenza isithako ekhethekile - platelet Kuvuselela isici (PAF), okwandisa permeability imithambo yegazi. Ngakho, inani elikhulu macrophage egazini ukufinyelela indawo lwegciwane ulichithe.

Ngemva kokutadisha macrophage - onjani amaseli kulokho izitho lakhicitwe nalokho imisebenzi abazenzi - sibonile ukuthi kunendlela ethile, kanye nezinye izinhlobo lymphocyte (basophils, monocytes, eosinophils), zingabantu amaseli main mzimba.