Thymus ndlala - central igunya immunogenesis

Endocrine izitho - kuyinto endocrine nezindlala ngaphandle Amapayipi excretory, abaluleke kakhulu zazo yilezi: indlala pineal, izindlala adrenal, pituitary indlala, izindlala parathyroid, kanye ngokobulili kanye amanyikwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona i-ayini, ngokuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwama-hormone namanye non endocrine imisebenzi, lokhu kuhlanganisa le ngxenye, amanyikwe, amaqanda, umzanyana kanye thymus. Futhi, ngaphezu uhlelo endocrine, ikhono hormone lingene egazini, kanye nezinye izitho yilezi: nezindlala salivary, lacunar indlala, izinso, isibindi, isisu namathumbu.

Thymus, ebizwa nangokuthi i-thymus noma i-thymus, yisona sakhiwo esibhekele isitho immunogenesis. umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu ukulawula ukwakhiwa kanye nokusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Kulapha ekuguquleni hematopoietic stem cells ku T-lymphocyte.

Indlala thymus itholakala ngemuva sternum esifubeni engenhla, ngenhla lenqwaba semithambo yenhliziyo. It iyizingxenye ezimbili quin tho, imbozwe capsule mncane zezinzwa futhi siqukethe ikhemikhali cortical futhi palsy. Amasheya of indlala thymus zihlukile ngobukhulu, zikhona izimo lapho insimbi kwadingeka ukuhlanganyela Lesisemkhatsini. Indwangu indlala kuhlanganisa epitelioretikulotsitov mnogootrostchatyh akha inethiwekhi lamatsatfu kanye lymphocyte zenzeka izihibe.

Ukubeka i-thymus kwenzeka ku ngenyanga yesibili yokukhulelwa, futhi ukuzalwa kwalo indlala has a usayizi esiphezulu maqondana endaweni Imininingwane ngomzimba womuntu ebusweni. Njengoba zikhula lokhu isilinganiso kuyancipha njengoba ekhula futhi atrophied cishe ngokuphelele, futhi zonke izicubu zawo obusebenzayo esikhundleni okunamafutha izicubu. imithambo eziningi evela yangaphakathi thoracic nabaphansi yegilo lemithambo okuyinto bafakela igazi ukuze le ndlala thymus. umthambo wayo ukugeleza phakathi kwangaphakathi ubambo futhi brachiocephalic vein, innervation nozwela eyenziwa amahlumela ngesikele sokuthena futhi nezinzwa vagus.

Izindlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi ulwazi zokuxilonga zihlanganisa immunological kanye nophenyo cytological, kanye nezindlela ze-X ray.

Esimweni lapho thymus kuyinto kombungu ezifana aplasia futhi hypoplasia, zikhona izenzakalo of immunodeficiency eyinhloko, okuyinto kuhambisana izimpawu okusithiyayo abukhali kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni, futhi yansukuzonke ukuvuvukala wamathumbu isifo, futhi ipheshana zokuphefumula. Lesi senzakalo ngokuvamile kakhulu imbangela yokufa iziguli. Ngakho-ke, uma ezinsaneni abasha, yansukuzonke ukuvuvukala wamathumbu isifo, futhi ipheshana zokuphefumula kumele ngempela ukuba zihlolwe thymus obusebenzayo ukuvimbela ukwanda kokungabi indlala thymus ezinganeni. Ukuxilongwa lokhu kwanda kungenzeka kuphela ngosizo-X-ray izifundo. The main uphawu radiology phambi okwandisa thymus iyona ukuthola uphawu oluthile, ngokuthi columnar noma inhliziyo fancy, lapho isithunzi iyokwanda Usayizi indlala thymus okuhlanganisiwe ngethunzi inhliziyo, kwakheka isithombe oluyinqaba ithunzi.

Izimpawu eyinhloko indlala thymus yilezi: ukwanda kakhulu ama-lymph node, amalaka, adenoids, thymus, kwezinso zentuthuko (dislocation hip, syndactyly, umbhunu), hypotension, zemabula isikhumba, inhliziyo isigqi thuthuva, hyperhidrosis, ukukhuluphala.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa izimo kubangelwa ukungasebenzi kwekhono indlala thymus, kuyinto kususwe (thymectomy), dietetics nokwelulekwa, izidakamizwa ngama-corticosteroid. Uma Hyperplasia thymic ekhona ayinakho ukubonakaliswa basemtholampilo kokungenela yezokwelapha esebenzayo liyadingeka.