Njengoba kukhona ushintsho izinto eziwuketshezi esimweni okuqinile

Noma iluphi ushintsho ebaleni isimo udaba oluphathelene baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi. Enye into kungaba khona e-United elandelayo wokuhlanganisa: okuqinile, uketshezi, gaseous.

Phawula ukuthi njengoba shintsho ningagcini izinguquko ukwakheka okubalulekile. Inguquko eziwuketshezi esimweni okuqinile kuhambisana kuphela ushintsho aphakathi nokuxhumana amabutho ilungiselelo zishintshe. Ushintsho lokusuka isimo eyodwa kuya kwenye ibizwa ngokuthi inguquko isigaba.

ukuncibilika

Lokhu kuhilela ukuguqulwa okuqinile in uketshezi. Ukuze nokuqaliswa kwalo kudinga lokushisa eliphakeme.

Ngokwesibonelo, omunye bangase bazibone ngokwemvelo iyisimo ndaba. Physics uchaza kalula inqubo encibilika eqhwa ngaphansi isenzo wale misebe entwasahlobo. ice zinhlayiya ezincane ezakha iqhwa, ngemva amalahle emoyeni zero isiqalo ukuze ugoqe. Ukuncibilika kwenzeka kancane kancane. Okokuqala, u-ice edonsa amandla ezishisayo. Njengoba izinga lokushisa eshintsha ephelele ukuguqulwa ice namanzi.

Kuhambisana nokwanda okuphawulekayo kuyizinhlayiyana velocity, energy ezishisayo, ubukhulu namandla yangaphakathi anda.

Ngemva kokufinyelela inkomba, ebizwa ngokuthi lokushisa ukuncibilika, kukhona isakhiwo esiqinile igebe. Ngo inkululeko molecule Ngaphezu kwalokho, "ngena", bangazihluphi izikhundla ezahlukene. impahla Olubunjiwe has a isamba enkulu amandla kuka esimweni okuqinile.

lokushisa sokwelapha

Inguquko kusuka uketshezi okuqinile Kwenziwa ezingeni lokushisa ethile. Uma ukushisa kukhishelwa emzimbeni, eba yiqhwa (crystallizes).

Temperature sokwelapha kubhekwa esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu.

crystallization

Inguquko kusuka uketshezi okuqinile isimo isikhundla libizwa crystallization. Lapho uketshezi ukudluliswa ukushisa ekunqanyulweni waphawula lokushisa ukwehla kuze inani elithile. Inguquko isigaba into kusuka uketshezi oluqinile physics ngokuthi crystallization. Uma sicabanga izinto hhayi equkethe ukungcola, lokuncibilika sifana Inkomba crystallization.

Bobabili izinqubo kwenzeke kancane kancane. Inqubo crystallization kuhambisana ukwehla amandla isilinganiso kinetic ka -molecule eziqukethwe ketshezi. Amandla ezikhangayo lapho izinhlayiyana aphethwe ukuze esiqinile, esivela ukudla okuqinile, ziyanda. Ngemva izinhlayiya ukuthola ngendlela ehlelekile, crystal kwakhiwa.

isimo ezihlanganisiwe libizwa ifomu ngokomzimba we ketshezi, uma ebangeni elithile izingcindezi okushisa. It libhekene izakhiwo ambalwa zazo okushintshiwe ngezikhawu ezikhethiwe:

• ikhono into ukushintsha ukuma ivolumu;
• ukungabi (khona) noma uhla olude ukuze.

Inqubo crystallization lihlotshaniswa entropy, amandla mahhala, ukuminyana, nezinye lucobo.

Ngaphezu uketshezi, ukudla okuqinile, ifomu gaseous, ahlukaniswe kwelinye izwe ngokomzimba - plasma. Kungaba kudlule amagesi esimweni okwandisa izinga lokushisa ngomfutho njalo.

Ozimele phakathi ezifundazweni ezihlukahlukene ndaba akusito eqine. Ngo-physics, waqinisekisa ukuba khona kwezinto eziqinile amorphous, uyakwazi esaziwa isakhiwo uketshezi kokuba fluidity encane. zinhlayiya Liquid ifa ikhono aqembuka emisebeni kagesi oludlula ngabo.

isiphetho

Ukuze ukuchaza uthi ezahlukene physics isicelo ezithile isigaba thermodynamic. imihlola ezibucayi ngokuthi uthi echaza ukuguqulwa umusho owodwa kuya kwenye. Ukudla okuqinile kuhluke ukulondolozwa phezu isikhathi eside kwesimo sabo phakathi. Bazophinde iyehla iyenyuka ezincane (nge amplitude ubuncane) emhlabeni isikhundla zilingana. Ingabe zinhlayiya abe ukuma ezithile, okuyinto ushintsho esimweni liquid zizoshintsha. Ulwazi mayelana okushisa abilayo (ukuncibilika) evumela zesayensi zisebenzisa ukuhwebelana kusuka esimweni esisodwa kuya kwesinye ngezinhloso esisebenzayo.