"Nikeza esifundazweni": ukuhlaziya zamaqhawe Saltykov-Shchedrin

Sikunikeza ukuba sicabangele isenzo esisodwa zamaqhawe Saltykov-Shchedrin - ". Bear esifundazweni" Ukuhlaziywa ke okwethulwa kulesi sihloko kuzokusiza uqonde okushiwo kulo msebenzi. Sizokhuluma ngalokho umbono Saltykov-Shchedrin kubonakala kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyofunda izinhlamvu eziyisisekelo inganekwane "Bear esifundazweni." Ukuhlaziya kwethu kuzoqala nge indatshana mayelana nezici jikelele zamaqhawe Saltykov-Shchedrin. Kuyadingeka ukuba uqonde kangcono ukuthi izithakazelo umsebenzi wethu.

izici Jikelele inganekwane Saltykov-Shchedrin

Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi le misebenzi zalotshelwa ngaphezulu abadala kuka izingane. Umlobi isihlokwana kubo waveza ukuthi "inganekwane abadala." Kodwa yini eyenza Michael Evgrafovich ubheke lolu hlobo? Mhlawumbe Aesop ulimi esetshenziswa inganekwane, kuyinto ifomu elifanele kakhulu yokukhuluma ngoba amazwi akhe ahlabayo futhi imibono evezwa ngendlela ukubhinqa.

Kulezi imisebenzi Saltykov-Shchedrin uyaqhubeka ukuthuthukisa izindikimba esithandayo, ehlanganiswe ngokugcwele emsebenzini wakhe "Umlando Idolobha". Hlobo luni izihloko? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungcono ukugxeka of uhulumeni waseRussia, a ukubhinqa kuso, futhi ngakolunye - a ukubhinqa kokuphelele abantu Russian.

"Isethulo" indaba

"Bear esifundazweni" - inganekwane, wadala ngo-1884, Kubandakanya izindaba emithathu emfushane, kuyinto belingisa indaba zomlando, a inkulumo yokulingisa ngakho. "Kwesithi" Amancane landulelwa elithi incazelo amasevisi 3 Governor Bruins. It is designated ingqikithi obophe komunye wale izindaba inganekwane "Bear esifundazweni." Ukuhlaziya ngamunye umbusi ibhodi abekwe ngezansi.

Saltykov-Shchedrin babekholelwa ukuthi umlando siqukethe uchungechunge zonya esikhulu olunegazi ababusi uzibophezele phezu kwabantu bakhe. Umlobi, indida, uphawula ukuthi ubugebengu encane abakufanelekeli ukunakwa umlando, futhi ngenxa yalokho, umlobi wezenzakalo.

Toptygin lokuqala

Ngo noveli yokuqala ichaza "ekhankasela-isilo" wathumela "kuya emahlathini kude" isifundazwe. Bear, evele in okwazalelwa, bahlela kwegazi. Akwaziwa ukuthi yini eyabangela abantu umbusi ukuba uzenzele leso sinqumo. Phela, akakwazi ngokuthi okubi. 'Wayeyikho ukuze izinkomo. " Umbhali ukhuluma ngale ndlela mayelana okushiwo engaphakathi zonke vlastpriderzhaschih. Ababona amashinga, kodwa izinkomo ehloniphekile.

Kodwa amacebo umbusi Toptygina Okokuqala wayazi kwakungafanele abe. Wabhubhisa idumela nomsebenzi wakhe kakhulu lokho. Ebuthongweni ngengozi wadla Siskin, okuyinto ethatha izintambo "nesitha yangaphakathi". Siskin lokhu kwaba "yesikhuphukeli engajulile", nakuba uhlakaniphile. Futhi Toptygina zonakale yalokhu "kwephula umthetho". umbusi ngasinye waqala ukhombe sakhe sokwenqaba.

Kungani zehliswa ezikhundleni Toptygina

Toptygina uhlambalaze hhayi kubo zonakale umphefumulo ongenacala. Into embi kakhulu kwaba amacala kule ndaba. It kuvela ukuthi "akazange ekulindele 'babantu bakhe. Phela, "abantu abahle" bemlindile kwegazi eliningi, futhi kuphela badla Siskin! Yileyo indlela abantu abahlobene amandla. Abantu bajwayele ezinyantisayo ngakho iziphathimandla ukuthi yini elindelekile kubo. Uma umbusi ongawamukeli noma iyiphi zonya, abantu, ngisho udumazeke kuwo.

Ngakho-ke ekugcineni zonakale umsebenzi Toptygina. Ngisho kweengazi ezenziwa kubo nangemva kwalesi senzakalo, ukuze senze i-"benecala", awazange asize. Abaphathi, Imbongolo futhi iNgonyama, futhi ungakhohlwa "isono" Toptygina. Yilokho kwaba ngaleli bhere esifundazweni. Ukuhlaziywa indaba iyaqhubeka ihlela ukwakha umsebenzi elandelayo incazelo umbusi.

Toptygin yesibili

Toptygin yesibili - ukuthi igama umbusi omusha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eziningana ezihlakaniphile kuqala kwakungumprofethi bear yesibili esifundazweni. Ukuhlaziya nemisebenzi yayo curious kakhulu. Lokhu umbusi obusuvele unayo uhlelo "umkhankaso", linqume ukuhlakaza asebenze. Nokho, uma sesikhona, Toptygin yesibili waqaphela ukuthi konke ayekade ochotshoziwe phambi kwakhe. Ngiphakathi eyunivesithi noma yokunyathelisa wayengekho lesizinda sakhe. Yayiyini imbangela umbusi abampofu? Wayengaba kanjani lidunyiswe, ukuveza imizwa yabo? Futhi Toptygin wanquma ukuthatha phezu kokubhujiswa ngokomzimba amawadi abo. Nokho, abalimi akakuthandanga umqondo wakhe. Ubajezisa Toptygina ngokususa isikhumba. Ukuhlaziywa inganekwane "Bear esiFundazweni" libonisa ukuthi ukubekezela abantu kunemingcele. Lokhu kuboniswa indaba nebhere yesibili.

"Umsebenzi" Okwesithathu Toptygina

Umlobi okwengeziwe ucela ukuthi uhlala ukwenza izimantshi. Bangakwenza kanjani bazikhulumele? Indlela engcono yokuthola Toptygin wesithathu inganekwane "Bear esifundazweni." Wanquma ukuthi "yemvelo" ukuchithwa kwegazi - kunazo zonke. Lokhu Toptygin waselala emgodini zonke izinsuku zokuhamba kwakhe, bephonsa ezimpilweni ithuba zabantu. Kusizinda sakhe phakathi nalesi sikhathi babe "kungokwemvelo" izingozi futhi kwafa, kodwa kuphela waqinisa nasegunyeni lombusi. Elele den, Toptygin lwesithathu ayethola isikhuthazo ababaphethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu, ngokwenqubo, eyenziwa "master" intela yakhe, enethemba lokuthi placate kuye.

Isiphetho Third Toptygina

Futhi konke waqhubeka njengoba ethule evamile futhi enokuthula. Impilo lapho kwazalelwa iminyaka eminingi kungaba njengoba umi futhi abanathemba. Nokho, umlobi uphela umkhiqizo lwakhe lwesithathu inoveli "Bear esifundazweni," lokuthi, Łukasz madoda ayenganelisekile emijondolo, futhi Toptygin iphuma zinemiphandu zabo emkhakheni. UMbusi wabelane isiphetho "zonke izilwane noboya ezinembewu." Cishe, kulomusho waphetha kunokuba ngokoqobo futhi iqiniso nethemba umbhali. Lokhu kanye nezifiso umbhali, futhi esenzweni.

Yini izingcingo kumbhali

Saltykov-Shchedrin ( "Bear esifundazweni") ukhuthaza abantu abavamile ukuvikela izimpilo zabo kanye namalungelo abo. Yiqiniso, inganekwane wasebenzisa ukuchaza ngendlela engokomfanekiso, futhi buso zibonisa abantu Bruins. Umsebenzi uchaza nezinkinga nezinselele ukuthi babhekana umphakathi Russian ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Bakhathazekile ngombana bafuna ukwazi umbhali, ngubani, ngokusebenzisa umfanekiso, kufaka ekhatsi siphukuto, ukubhinqa ezama ukuvula amehlo abantu ezinkingeni zamanje. Umlobi futhi inikeza indlela yokuphuma yalesi simo. Kufanele kucatshangwa ukuthi inguquko ubiza Saltykov-Shchedrin. "Bear esifundazweni" - isibonelo esihle kakhulu ukubhinqa Mihaila Evgrafovicha, ababengeke bakwazi bavale amehlo ngokuqondene nezinkinga zenhlalo.