States abangenawo ukufinyelela kulo ulwandle: nobunzima

Ukufinyelela imizila yezohwebo zasolwandle bezilokhu njengelinye lamazwe izici eziyinhloko isimo esinamandla. Cishe abaningi kunazo zonke izimpi komlando wesintu, kwaba sokufinyelela ogwini. Nge ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinguquko kule nokwakheka traffic ukungezwani phakathi uthi ngenxa yokuntuleka yokungena olwandle kakhulu kuyehla, kanti isimo akusona izungezwe, akusho zizizwe zihlukanisiwe nabanye abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Convention on the Law yoLwandle isiqiniseko wonke uthi unelungelo izimoto zawo siqu futhi ukusetshenziswa izilwandle yamanzi. Njengomthetho, amazwe ukuthi awunakho ukufinyelela abo olwandle, ukuthengisa ilungelo lokusebenzisa ifulege commercial izinkampani zabo lokuthumela, ngaleyo ndlela wonge izintela emazweni athuthukile. Ukuze uthi, ilungelo ukuwudayisa, ukuqhutshwa ngokuvamile usizo olukhulu.

UN ukuvikela izintshisekelo

izivumelwano International, Charter UN kanye iSimemezelo navigation nokulinganisa wonke States ilungelo lokusebenzisa evulekile ocean izinsiza, kodwa awusho kubo kusukela isidingo ukuphetha izinkontileka ehlukile ilungelo lokusebenzisa emachwebeni of emazweni angomakhelwane ngaphandle indlela yokungena olwandle.

States abangenawo ikwazi ukungena olwandle, losendzaweni ku ezine amazwekazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kakhulu abantu base-Afrika. Nalu uhlu:

• Botswana;
• Burkina Faso (eyayaziwa Upper Volta);
• Burundi;
• IRiphabhuliki YaseZambia;
• I-Republic of Zimbabwe;
• Ungeno ekubhaleni;
• I-Republic of Malawi;
• Mali;
• Republic of Niger ;
• I-Republic of Rwanda;
• I Kingdom of Swaziland;
• Uganda;
• Central African Republic;
• Chad;
• Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

Zonke izifundazwe Afrika akuzona izungezwe, zingena ngaphansi ngezigaba UN esigabeni emazweni asathuthuka futhi banezinkinga ezingathí sina nezinga lokuphila labantu. Ngokusobala, ukungabi ukufinyelela main ezokuthutha imithambo futhi inomthelela yabo nenhlalakahle.

Ngo-2011, ngenxa inhlolovo ku Sudan, esesikhundleni nezimbobo ogwini loLwandle Olubomvu, ahlukaniswe izifundazwe zaseningizimu, ngokwengxenye ngofuzo igama lokugcina State. States ukuthi akuzona izungezwe, kwaba esinye ngaphezulu. Nokho, ingcebo uwoyela Amasimu kusivumela ukuba nethemba kwelulama of Southern Sudan ngemva kokuba impi nomakhelwane wayo enyakatho. Uhulumeni sangena East African Union, okuzokwenza lula ukutholakala kwezithuthi link.

Isimo ngobukhulu akuyona izungezwe, atholakala e-Afrika - kuyinto Ethiopia, labantu okuyinto abantu abayizigidi ezingu-93, nase-Uganda, elinabantu abantu abayizigidi ezingu-34.

Ethiopia kwadingeka port ayo ogwini loLwandle Olubomvu kuze 1993, kodwa emva inhlolovo futhi ukwehlukana Eritrea, ilahlekelwe simo sayo njengemholi amandla zasolwandle. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-Eritrea ukufinyelela omunye ezokuthutha ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezilwandle yalutho. Izwe ukhiqiza kancane, futhi uhulumeni yonakele ukuze iningi labantu uncamela abalekele Europe phesheya koLwandle iMedithera, engozini ukuphila.

Yisiphi isimo iyizwe izungezwe eNingizimu Melika?

Ezwekazini South America, naphezu ugu omkhulu, kukhona ezimbili uthi, zibancishe lamachweba lalo.

Bolivia elahlekile insimu yalo ugu ngo-1883, lapho amasosha Chilean, elisekelwa Britain, yayilokhu izidlela nje lezi esifundazweni Tarapacá futhi Arica, okwakukhona ezifakwa osendaweni ebalulekile saltpeter. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, leli zwe like bancishwa yokungena olwandle kuze 2010, lapho inkontileka Isivumelwano sisayinwe phakathi eBolivia nasePeru, ukuhlinzeka ukuqasha icebo encane for ukwakhiwa echwebeni saseBolivia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Bolivia yisimo kuphela ngaphandle kokuba ikhiyiwe kodwa kokuba ngesikhathi esifanayo amabutho ayo asolwandle.

Izwe lesibili ngaphandle siqu ulwandle coast salo Paraguay, okuyinto Itholakala enkabeni yaleli zwekazi. Akakaze athi ukuba ikwazi ukungena olwandle. Iningi izwe okungukuthi eyomile umhlaba, kancane - aminyene asezindaweni ezishisayo amahlathi. Nokho, Paraguay has inzuzo enkulu phezu kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle lamachweba. Unqamule izwe siphela nezwekazi ngobukhulu - umfula Parana yiwo ogelezela e-Atlantic Ocean. Nakuba ocean lokuthumela kungenzeka kuphela esezansi at ibanga 640 km olwandle, ngokuhamba phakathi ingasetshenziswa ngemikhumbi encane nezikebhe.

Yisiphi isimo iyizwe izungezwe eYurophu?

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani States enjalo 16. Njengalabanye nezwekazi, banayo yaba nomlando omude nzima emzabalazweni sokufinyelela kolwandle. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zonke lezi izimpi odlalwa yibo, ukuyivalela kwami ngaphakathi esiyitholayo akunjalo acute nomqondo iYurophu enobunye futhi enokuthula.

amazwe Lapha European ukuthi awunakho ukufinyelela kulo ulwandle:

• Austria;
• UMbuso Andorra;
• I-Republic of Belarus;
• Vatican City;
• Hungary (usebenzisa nezimbobo Croatian ku-Adriatic Sea);
• Kosovo;
• I yezihlanganisi ;
• Grand Duchy of Luxembourg;
• Moldova;
• San Marino;
• Serbia;
• Slovakia;
• Czech Republic;
• The Swiss Confederation.

nokuhlalisana ngokuthula kanye nezimiso ezinhle komakhelwane avumele amazwe aseYurophu ukuba abambisane ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, Czech Republic enesivumelwano Poland ekusetshenzisweni ethekwini Szczecin.

Elingenamanzi Asia Ephakathi

Emazweni ase-Asia abaningi abangenawo ikwazi ukungena olwandle, elise ensimini ka CIS. Republic ezwe elaliyiSoviet Union elahlekile yokungena olwandle ngenxa uzibuse. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iRussia Usuziju- ukunikeza ukufinyelela ezijulile-amanzi nesimiso salo ezokuthutha lamazwe ne ukufinyelela yoLwandle iCaspian. Lokhu kuvumela Iran, e-Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan futhi Turkmenistan ukubamba imikhumbi yabo aseBaltic kanye Black iziLwandle. ndima okunjalo kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi iziteshi futhi imisele yamanzi icanjwe phakathi kweSoviet Union.

Isimo South-East Asia, sahlanganisa ubudlelwane eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi engqubuzanayo phakathi kwamazwe emaqaqasini zwekazi, kanye namazwe yezokuthutha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Mongolia, isibonelo, ngenxa kobungane nobudlelwane nge Russian Federation has zayo siqu ezinkulu yomthengisi imikhumbi.

Nasi uhlu lamazwe e-Asia abangenathuba yasogwini lolwandle:

• Azerbaijan;
• I-Republic of Armenia;
• Islamic Republic of Afghanistan;
• UMbuso Bhutan ;
• I-Republic of Kazakhstan;
• Kyrgyz Republic;
• Lao People sika-Democratic Republic;
• I-Republic of Mongolia;
• I-Federal Republic of Nepal;
• I-Republic of Tajikistan;
• Republic of Turkmenistan;
• I-Republic of Uzbekistan;

Ngaphandle umi kancane neyaziwayo Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, egcwele imbangela yokungezwani phakathi Armenia ne-Azerbaijan. Nagorno-Karabakh nayo bancishwa indlela yokungena olwandle.

Eceleni kubalulekile uma sibala amazwe ambalwa abe isimo impikiswano, kodwa engalali yokungena olwandle - kuba weRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu Ossetia futhi Trans-Dniester Republic. Esimeni semakhaya isimo uphikise nezingxabano yefilakisi Dniester Republic kuyoba nzima esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukufinyelela kolwandle, njengoba Ukraine uvimbela republic.