Inhloko-dolobha ye-United States - New York, noma eWashington? Emlandweni wabantu baseMelika

United States - omunye wabaholi omncane engenathi kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho phakathi kwezizwe zomhlaba. Izwe ithola uzibuse walo ngemva kwempi eside, futhi namuhla has isimo yezindawo yokuchuma okukhulu ukuphila, amathuba ama-career kanye sifinyelele imigomo. Melika is territorially ihlukaniswe amazwe angu-50 kanye District of Columbia, lapho inhloko-dolobha isizwe sika - Washington.

Umlando ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba American

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, kuze Izwe Elidala akukho mikhumbi yafinyelela ogwini Melika, labantu bayo Yayinesikhwanyana ngokuphelele kwabomdabu baseNdiya. Abantu kuqala bazinza lapha iminyaka engaphezu kuka-15,000 edlule, wafika West kanye lesi siqephu ukuthi uma ixhunyiwe ezwekazini ne-Eurasia. wokubusa ngiyinake impucuko Indian waqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngekhulu le-15, kuze kube yilapho Hristofor Kolumb akazange thola emazweni amasha, ngaphambi kwalesi senzakalo, baseYurophu nakancane mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu kwelinye izwekazi. Kusukela ngekhulu le-16 zaqala ikoloni yamazwe American ngu-England, eFrance, eSpain, eHolland nakwezinye amandla asolwandle.

US ikoloni

Namuhla, ukwakheka ngokobuhlanga Melika yakhiwa ikakhulukazi owayedlalela European - isiNgisi, isi-Irish, isiJalimane, iSipanishi, isiDashi kanye nabanye. Vula izindawo eziningi eziye zabangela i isiyaluyalu Amazing e-Europe, lapho zonke isiqeshana sendawo ukuze eminyaka raged ezimpini ezichitha igazi. Ngo beyofuna ukuphila okungcono kuyi-Nguqulo Yezwe waya bakamalalahlengezela amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu, eliqhutshwa isithembiso izikhulu zikahulumeni ka uxhasa izinkampani sokuthuthukiswa edlulela emasimini amasha.

Bamakoloni eyakhelwe umuzi wabo, kuvuleke nojantshi. Iningi ezinkulu Idolobha eyasungulwa baseYurophu. New York City, isibonelo, lakhiwa Dutch futhi isikhathi wayebizwa ngokuthi naseNew Amsterdam. Melika yayinezinto amaminerali, igolide, uboya, futhi ngenxa le nsimu evundile of ukwembuleka impi yangempela. Bendzawo, uzama ukuvikela indlela yabo komkhuba ukuphila, ngaphansi nokuqothulwa unonya. Eminyakeni eyikhulu Kushone abangaphezu kwesigidi amaNdiya, ukuqothulwa kohlanga uyaqhubeka nje baseYurophu abakwazi ukucindezela ngokuphelele ukumelana. Ngesikhathi inani aboMdabu baseMelika iye yancipha abantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa.

Umzabalazo kutimela kanye nempi yombango

Ngekhulu le-18, amakoloni aseMelika waqala uphumelele futhi imali enkulu eBrithani. Britain, esikhundleni salokho, angaphansi intela ephakeme kakhulu ezweni, labo ababebanga ukuba izibhelu entsha emphakathini. indawo American yayinkulu ukuze athathe izintambo ngokugcwele IsiZulu wahluleka, kuyilapho neziphathimandla zendawo zaqala ukugqugquzela abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye ukuzimela wezwe.

Ngo-1774, uBenjamin Franklin bamukela le ekumenyezelweni kukazibuse kwamalungelo wobuntu, waqala ukugqugquzela jikelele, inhloso owawungumnyaka impi neNgilandi. 4 Julayi 1776 ezamenyezelwa ngokuzijamela United States of America, ngalolu suku namanje akwaziwa ukuthi iholide ezinkulu kazwelonke. Ngo 1783 sasayinwa iSivumelwano SaseVersailles, ngokusemthethweni waqinisekisa ukuzimela wezwe kusukela British, kodwa ke Dzhordzh Vashington, okuyothi Liberation Army uye anqoba, waba ngumengameli wokuqala. Izwe ke lalinabashumayeli 13 uthi. Kube umbuzo, Yimuphi umuzi kuyoba "iyinhloko-dolobha ye-United States" - I-New York noma Washington. Uthe lesi sinqumo senziwa esivuna Washington. Ngo-1800 yena waba inhloko-dolobha esemthethweni iyizwe elizimele.

Inqubo wokutholwa yomthethosisekelo Sekube isikhathi eside ngenxa ukungavumelani eyayivamile umphakathi: enyakatho abaNsundu ngokuyinhloko kwakungenxa emahhala, ngenkathi southerners sebekubeke wayengafuni yokuqeda ubugqila. Ngenxa yalokho, le ngxabano kuholele impi yombango okwase kuphela yaphela ngo-1865, ekunqobeni enyakatho - izakhamizi black yezwe isingaba namalungelo afanayo lonke labantu.

States kanye izihloko zazo

Okwamanje wokuzibusa USA lalinabashumayeli uthi 13 kuphela: inwetshisiwe kancane kancane, ezweni wathenga kusuka kwamanye amazwe (i-isiFulentshi, iSpanishi) noma yanqotshwa. Izimpi zalwelwa ikakhulukazi eningizimu - ezweni Mexican enamathiselwe California bathunjwa. Ingxenye yokugcina-United States beza ngo-1959, zaseHawaii.

isimo ngasinye has dolobha yalo. Njengomthetho, ke savela ngokomlando, kuphela ezinye izifunda, into eyinhloko komuzi ezinkulu kanti iningi asethuthukile. Ngokwesibonelo, esifundazweni sase-New York yilona dolobha Albany, labantu okuyinto kancane izikhathi 80 kuka-New York City. Indawo ekhethekile kulesi simiso kuthatha inhlokodolobha yase-US. New York noma Washington ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene laliyinhloko-dolobha yezwe. Okwamanje, idolobha lokuqala liyisikhungo zokuphila kwezomnotho, kwesibili - yezombangazwe. Libizwa ngokuthini idorobha elakhiwe-United States manje ifeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu emphakathini, akunakwenzeka ukuba aphendule: imisebenzi abahlakazekile futhi ahlobene eduze.

Ny York - isikhungo kwezomnotho okwenzeka emhlabeni wonke

New York - yangaphambili inhlokodolobha Melika. It yasungulwa ngo 1629 kusukela kubaphathi bamakoloni Dutch. Kusayithi lamadolobha esimanjemanje amaNdiya Manhattan wahlala, ukuthi esenana izimpahla kubiza kuphela $ 24 wavuma ukuhamba amazwe lakubo lendabuko. Ngokushesha insimu komnikazi ihlasela amasosha aseBrithani, owanika naseNew Amsterdam elinye igama - yokudumisa UMbusi York.

Namuhla, i-New York City idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke -United States futhi abantu abayizigidi ezingu-19 abahlala endaweni yayo wedolobha elikhulu. Umuzi wehlukile kakhulu Ukwakheka yobuhlanga: 40% abantu bakuleli batholakale ezimhlophe, zisesenjalo - latinos futhi abantu abamnyama. Ezinye izindaba zika-Iphesenti kwabelwa Asians, baseHawaii, Eskimo, amaNdiya kanye nezinye izinhlanga. Edolobheni ungezwa izilimi ezingefani ezingaphezu kuka-160, nakuba isiNgisi yisona esiwulimi bendabuko, ngemuva kwakhe - Spanish.

Washington - US inhlokodolobha

Igama i-inhloko-dolobha entsha, wanikeza inkulumo yokuqala UMengameli waseMelika Dzhordzh Vashington. Umuzi ezamenyezelwa dolobha yalelo zwe ngo-1800, futhi wabeka nje eyishumi edlule. Ekuqaleni, lonke idolobha lase esisogwini Insimu zithi naseVirginia, kodwa kamuva kwanqunywa ukwaba endaweni ehlukile edolobheni esifundeni ezizimele - ngakho kwakubikwa DC ezimele.

Washington enkabeni isakhiwo Capitol - kusukela 1800 lapha ihlangabezana wezwe Congress. Ngo 1812, uphawu kukazibuse zavutha amasosha aseBrithani, isakhiwo labhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele. Namuhla, idolobha iyikhaya labantu abangaba ngu-600,000 baqashwe ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokuphathwa. Umuzi Library of Congress, equkethe imibhalo eliyingqayizivele futhi izincwadi nokubhalisa umlando omfushane lizwe.

United States Capital: New York noma Washington

Ngaphambi ukwakhiwa Washington, United States laliyinhloko-dolobha e-New York. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi wathatha isimo umongameli wokuqala emlandweni wezwe Dzhordzh Vashington. City eyakhelwe ngqo ukuze sibe isikhungo zezombusazwe yezwe, ezimele futhi eziqale ukuvela kunoma yiziphi uthi ekhona ngaleso sikhathi. Ngaphandle ukwakhiwa komuzi, idaliwe Autonomous District of Columbia, lapho kufanele basonta inhlokodolobha yase-US. New York noma iWashington, DC, namuhla, kokubili kweminye yale mizi ayizikhungo ekuphileni okungokwesiko nasemphakathini yezwe.

Kungani New York ngokuthi inhloko-dolobha

New York - ke iyona edume kunayo idolobha US kwekulu, iningi athuthukile kanye. Akumangalisi ukuthi babejwayele kuphakama ngokuthi lapho inhloko-dolobha yase-United States kuba ebalulekile. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinto York City umuzi omkhulu kuleli zwe. Lugxile wonke amandla wezimali ka isimo - edumile i-Wall Street enkabeni stock yokuhweba, kusukela naye manje kuncike emnothweni imibuso emikhulu yezwe. Ngo Manhattan ukwakha ngobukhulu eziyinxanxathela, futhi amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu abasebenza kwamanye amazwe emisebenzini.

Kodwa Melika akuyona nje isimo khulula kakhulu futhi ovulekile lizwe. dolobha yaso dolobha, Washington, ingeyona yimiphi amazwe angu-50, futhi ngoba kukholelwa ukuthi ukuphathwa kuyoba umgomo ngokuphelele futhi engenzeleli.