Ngubani okuthiwa ukuziluma egwadle nesayensi? Isisho "ukuziluma egwadle yesayensi" nalokho okukushoyo

Symbol sokufa phakathi zom ukuphila. Ukuze ukwazi emhlabeni nesayensi phakathi kwentsha ngokuvamile. Nanguya bejabule futhi awanaki, lapho futhi yonke indawo. umfundi temdzabu Zonke eminyaka ubudala kusikisela. Abafundi bahlala esizayo, ngoba usemncane futhi emuhle. Iwayini nabesifazane - themes main yezingoma zesonto lazo, futhi endaweni ethile kuphela azungeze amakghonwabo flash unodoli kuyindida ngomsebenzi olukhandlayo nokwenziwa kolwazi zanqwabelana yisintu. Ngakho ingabe egwadle lapho - uphawu yokujama tsi nokufa, uvele ukuqhakaza yabo imvelo? Ngubani okuthiwa ukuziluma egwadle nesayensi?

Iqiniso liwukuthi enye - uphawu umsebenzi zaveza labafundi ithoni Okuxakayo-budedengu, kodwa, nokho, usefile namadlelo elangazelela ukuba bajabule futhi eziletha injabulo kumuntu injabulo yakhe umhlaba wonke.

USocrates lesiGreki Academy

Kukholakala ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa esihleliwe intsha yethulwa kuleli lasendulo ngesiGreki isiko esikweyoku USocrates ozenzekelayo. Isazi sefilosofi kusukela emgqonyeni wathi ngakho ngomqondo wokuthi umoya mahhala uSocrates kwenza lamaseli izingadi eziluhlaza Academy for abasakhulayo. Ukube wasishiya futhi, uma sikubeka ngendlela yesimanje, kwaba igunya ngaphansi, kumelwe ukuba wayesevusiwe nelungelo lokufundisa. Futhi abantu abasha uyobheka emlonyeni wakhe. Futhi amahlumela amasha ukujika nezimo itshe ngaphansi khehla amehlo USocrates.

Ngubani okuthiwa ukuziluma egwadle yesayensi, uSocrates?

Cha, lokhu ngeke kwenzeke - ukuphikisana USocrates - ngoba mina, abafundi abakwenza hhayi ezitsheni, kodwa izimbaqa. Angizange ukugcwalisa, futhi Kindle.

Kwaba njalo ngempela, kusukela yokucabanga Academy wakhula izingadi aluhlaza nefilosofi kulo lonke izwe lasendulo. Akukho ndawo akukho yokujama tsi. NamaStoyiku, amaSophist, Epikhuru, materialists, idealists ... Ngoba konke okunye iminyaka eyinkulungwane 2.5 akuvelanga ifilosofi yezitayela eziningi, esusela USocrates Academy. Ngakho ukuba ngingehlelwa nangeyodwa kulezi zefilosofi yamaGreki asendulo akazange yini anxuse ukuziluma egwadle yesayensi.

Ethonya wukuthi kuze kube ngekhulu XVIII, okungukuthi Goethe lokuzalwa, izwe ifilosofi kuphela ngiphakamisa imvuthu yokuhlakanipha ngemva komkhosi zefilosofi zezwe lasendulo sika. Velikiy Aristotel, akhethiwe nemiyalezo izintamo umunwe St. Constantine, phakathi kwebandla zefilosofi omkhulu, useqokwe ukuba insika legumbi ibandla le yize ukuhlakanipha kwaleli zwe ukuthi ungenalo inkolo. Aristotle bangajabuli. Kwakuyodingeka ungenza okufanayo neze bavumelana. nefilosofi yaKhe yokuphila sebuhlungwini obunzima. + ifilosofi yakhe - kwazo kukhona izimiso, kodwa hhayi canons ezingeguquleke.

Confucius

Ngakolunye uhlangothi zomhlaba esemthethweni maphakathi no-ezingeni eliphezulu ngezindinganiso amandla lasendulo uhumusha ukuphila nokuhlakanipha zokuphila. Futhi ngokungajwayelekile iqiniso elula esobala, sage systematized, abe ifilosofi obunamandla bokuthi yokuhlala, uma kungewona wonke, khona-ke eziningi. Mhlawumbe kungcono lasendulo Chinese ngokuthi badla egwadle yesayensi, ukubaluleka imali ngamazwi azo ukuthi thina manje musa ngempela ukuqonda? Cha, ngokuvumelana nakho konke okulotshwe kuyo kudala, kuyacaca namuhla ne ukuzwakala kakhulu. Hhayi ngaphandle isizathu, abaningi amazwi akhe aseyizaga.

Kodwa Confucius Alondoloza umuntu akakwazi ukunikeza imithetho okuphakade, ngoba mina kusadingeka athwale canons okuphakade. kokushiya kuphela con, akha imithetho ukuze balukhulume entsha nimyeke canons okuphakade. Khona-ke imithetho amadoda bayafa.

Lo mbono siyohlala njalo ezingqondweni umcabango wokuphinde Goethe: "Inkolelo-mbono Dead, umngane wami, bafile, nomuthi wokuphila phakade uyaphila" itshe ngakho abakwazi ukhule ngokusebenzisa ezinkulu eminyaka. Ngakho ihlumela ophilayo nje.

Dogmatism. Theology futhi scholasticism

Yini eyabangela St uConstantine nguhhafu ayizinkulungwane abelusi (abefundisi), Christian imihlambi (amabandla) emzini WaseNicaea ngo-325 AD? Futhi ukuze ususe wonke kuwukuphikisana izimfundiso eziphathelene Kristu noNkulunkulu ngoba uzokwenza ubuKristu inkolo isimo. Wayedinga legumbi yokwakha umbuso onamandla futhi wadala. Iphonswe imililo ezingaphezu kuka-30 amavangeli, amashumi vulamehlo ezimfundisweni Gnostic olwazini omhlaba wonke ayebheke imvuthu. Ngisho noJohane, umfundi ayemthanda Kristu, yawela iBhayibheli kuphela ngonyaka 415. isambulo sakhe nokuthi kamuva. Kusukela ubufakazi Peter washiya ikhanda ezimbili ezingenamsebenzi.

UTertullian uthi ukwakhiwa kwaleli dwala phakade iqiniso nezimfundiso. imithetho kaNkulunkulu imibala esiqinile nokunobudlova indawo. Futhi emva ambalwa eminyaka, kuhlanganise labo amazwi, kwabalelwa phakathi kobaba, abakhiphe ebandleni. Badla egwadle isayensi - phraseologism ezinjalo akakhulumi yodwa, ngoba konke isayensi kubhekwa ezingadingekile. Futhi omunye isisho omunye ubaba zeSonto - ngikholelwa ngoba akunangqondo, futhi ngokuphelele waklebhula out izinto cognizing intsha lo mqondo "isayensi". Scholastica kwaba isikhala, futhi inkolo izindonga egwadle lesi sakhiwo kulo abafundi Ephakathi.

Sasingeke kudingeke afune umuntu okuthiwa ukuziluma egwadle yesayensi lokuqala, uma igama elithi "isayensi" akuyona beqonda njengoba ivukela isakhiwo ukholo. Lapho Namuhla abantu ukufunda imisebenzi elisencwadini yasendulo scholasticism nangemfundiso yenkolo, okuyizifundo ke akabashiyi bedidekile ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili:

1. Kungani abantu Ubhale amagama amaningi lapho sifushane futhi ebhaliwe ngokucacile eBhayibhelini efanayo?
2. Kungani bo sebenzi are lifiphele, bakwenzelani hhayi kanye poppy imbewu zokuphila, uma amaVangeli ngokwabo ungukuphila kudlangile.

La mapheshana ezingenamsebenzi efana sokuhlanganiswa wanamuhla wabantu abaningi kusukela nefilosofi zezihloko. Amanothi zefilosofi zasendulo namuhla ecacile futhi ezithakazelisayo. Mhlawumbe ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona ubandlululo smart yibe yinto exakayo, kodwa empeleni nje okuphambene - yebo kuphela smart.

lokunqoba

Ephakathi yaphela imvuselelo. Isayensi iye okwamiswa ngalo ukuba intombazane ashaywa ziphenduka inkosazana, okuyinto imiselwe babe ngesikhathi indlovukazi. Nokho, ngenxa yalokhu, abaningi baye ngalo umlilo. Kanye isayensi nekhono emphakathini wesintu futhi ukuphila ibuyise. UGalileo inikeza abafundi bakhe ukuluma ku itshe isayensi kuletha ndawonye naye esiqongweni the Tower of Pisa, ukubamba ukuhlola kuqala ngokomzimba. ngaleyo ndlela wabeka wabafileyo kodwa abafileyo, isayensi, isisekelo Newton, Lomonosov futhi Maxwell. Abaculi wabeka izisekelo yokukhanya, ngisho ukwazi mayelana nokuzalwa kwakhe esikhathini esizayo. Futhi bamangala ukuthi iminyaka 1500 ngaphambi kokuba baye kusukela ngesineke kakade ngakho wasebenza.

Ngubani okuthiwa ukuziluma egwadle nesayensi?

Ukuze sithole impendulo yalo mbuzo ukuya kude akudingeki. Labo abaqala sculpt uhlelo olusha netshe lokukhubekisa nezimfundiso - Marxists. Kodwa isayensi kulesi sici plaiting ibinzana kuphela ngoba uye waba indlovukazi. Ekuqhubeni abasunguli scholasticism entsha akunakwenzeka ukufunda ngoba akucaci lutho. Kulezi zefilosofi efanayo ballerina nabesifazane ubudala. Ngokucacile, ukuthi udinga okuthile ukuhlafuna on, wathi Trotsky, futhi ngaleyo ndlela wanikela yini kaMarx-lenisko-Trotsky zabo imfundiso yokuziphendukela uStalin ... st. itshe indigestible ukuziluma abasha. Futhi-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukusetshenziswa le ngokuphila emhlabeni - akanandaba nabo. Itshe njengabaphuma isibonakaliso zokufa yokujama tsi, ngakho lolu phawu wahlala.

indida

Akekho noyedwa lesikhumbuzo has legwadle Sifundazwe isayensi. Nokho, akubalulekile kangako ukuthi ungubani ngokuthi badla egwadle isayensi. Into esemqoka kuthiwa kubalulekile futhi kuyacaca ukuthi nge esidlule sakhe esibi lesintu sithethelelwe kumnandi. Kuyinto le njabulo baveze izikhumbuzo kuyindida amaningana yokujama tsi efile. Sinenkosi wabuka yabo esiqinile nobuciko okusikhumbuza ukudalwa efanayo owaziwa emhlabeni wonke futhi nabo luphakanyisiwe Malevich - "Black Square".