Mondragon self-ukulayisha isibhamu (Mexico): incazelo, umlando kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule phakathi intuthuko eqhubekayo izibhamu ngokuzumayo langena Mexico - yomthetho ngokuqale self-ukulayisha sokuzingela wezwe Mondragon, izici zalo hhayi eliphansi kuya izinhlobo eziningi eYurophu ngezibhamu. Kutfutfukiswa ngombono ezizishintshayo wahlanganyela amabutho wezikhali, Jikelele Manuel Mondragon. Yena wavakashela eYurophu futhi bazijwayeze emazweni eziphambili izikhali, ngafika esiphethweni sokuthi ezweni idinga izikhali ayo othomathikhi. iqala Ngakho indaba isibhamu abadumile Mondragon.

Ukuthuthukiswa yephrojekthi

Ukuthuthukiswa yephrojekthi wethulwa 1892. Ngesikhashana nje jikelele wakwazi ukwakha umqondo jikelele, futhi kakade nge 1896 th enobunikazi umklamo omusha, okuyinto ubelokhu eqashelwa e-United States, Belgium neFrance. Kodwa lo msebenzi ngeke wayeka - Mondragon sokuzingela kwaqhubeka kuthuthuka.

Isici esiyinhloko izibhamu entsha wayebe othomathikhi, okwakuyoholela ukusebenza amandla powder amagesi. Ngalesi sikhathi, lobu buchwepheshe kwakubhekwa "njengophawu ezingenanzuzo" njengoba udale indlela enokwethenjelwa ngempela kwakungenakwenzeka. Jikelele ukuze usingathe lolu daba. Phakathi ukuthuthukiswa isibhamu iphrojekthi uye washintsha abalulekile. Olunye ushintsho sinjalo uhlobo cartridges nge 6.5 mm x 48 7 x 57 mm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo kunjiniyela iphuzu yokudala izinhlamvu yakho. Kodwa isiqondiso kuphela lapho umsebenzi wenziwa njalo, kwaba ukudala okuthembekile othomathikhi ukulayisha kabusha indlela.

indlela othomathikhi

Ngalezo zikhathi, Mondragon sokuzingela kwaba ifakwe indlela sasivumela okunokwethenjelwa ashona othomathikhi, obesebenza amandla powder amagesi. Isici esiyinhloko igesi injini babe tube-bezinhlamvu ngaphakathi lapho piston bese ubuyela entwasahlobo. I piston usondelene esikhethekile axhumana nabo ku yokucina. Negesi ipayipi-bezinhlamvu itholakala ngaphansi emgqonyeni - ngesinye isici isikhali. Ndawonye kanye naye, wayeselahlekelwe exhunywe umamukeli. Yena kwakufanele amathebhu ekhethekile eyayidingeka ukuze kukhishwe liner kanye uvala emgqonyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingaphakathi ibhokisi has a projection ekhethekile - abaphumule kubo, phendula ibhawudo.

Ngokushesha yesivalo wayeyilungu cylindrical nge ziboya kude neziteshi Helical, okwaphoqa ukuphendula ngenkathi ezihambayo. Ngaphakathi kwesango self-ukulayisha sokuzingela Mondragon kwadingeka isiteshi encane okwakukhona wezigubhu.

Uhlaka esangweni futhi inhlamvu indlela

Ngakolunye uhlangothi owamukelayo waba okhethekile naikiweko, okwakudingeka ukuze ihlanganise isivalo ezithathekayo nge isibambo. Isibambo yena, ifakwe inkinobho liyaphambuka futhi baxhumana stupor ingaphakathi. Movement of the emuva isibambo iphutha disengagement kwebhowudu nesijula igesi. I "disengaged" futhi ukubuya entwasahlobo, okwenza kube lula ngesandla ulayishe. Shock-uhlobo labadubuli indlela etholakala ngaphansi ezingemuva umamukeli, phezu ifreyimu ensikeni. Izinguqulo lokuqala modeli kuphela nomlilo isibhamu esisodwa, ifakwe slide Abaqaphi abaphonsa umbeki ukunyakaza inhlamvu.

Ngemva kwalokho, Mondragon sokuzingela kakhulu washintsha, okuholela ithuba ukuqhuba umlilo okuzenzakalelayo. Fuse futhi kwenziwa ngcono - got a switch, ezazihlanganisa Ukuvutha imodi ukudubula. Ngaphambi USM elise esitolo nomthamo 10 imizuliswano. Kwakuthinta icala ngosizo Ukugunda.

isinyathelo othomathikhi

Uma ucindezela kubangela isando ukushaya pin labadubuli, ukuqhumisa cap futhi okhela neziqhumane. Bystroobrazuyuschiesya powder amagesi ngokusebenzisa isiteshi ekhethekile isiqu siwela ipayipi igesi, kanye wasebenza phezu piston, ephoqa ke ukuhambisa nasemuva. Phakathi ukunyakaza piston licindezele entwasahlobo ukubuya yangibeka ibhawudo kule sikhundla ezingemuva - akhishwa futhi ukhiphe igobolondo.

Ngemva ekunciphiseni ingcindezi powder amagesi waqonda ukubuyela entwasahlobo, baphokophelele piston futhi bathatha yokucina. Noma ubani ezihamba phambili futhi ukujikeleza, kufanele zithunyelwe egumbini a igobolondo nokukhiya wathwala umphongolo. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ungenza shot esilandelayo. sokuzingela Mexican Mondragon wawusungenwe ngu isahoxisa ibhawudo emuva. Lokhu kuvula ifasitela ukukhipha igobolondo casings, bese egcwele esitolo ngosizo Ukugunda. ukunyakaza reverse of the yesivalo ekamelweni kufanele zithunyelwe munition.

Ezinye izici ze-sokuzingela

Isici esiyinhloko we ngezibhamu siyalayisha indlela. Iqiniso lokuthi umklamo walo kuyivumela usebenza kwimodi ibhukwana noma othomathikhi. Lokhu kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza izikhali, ngisho noma okunobuthi igesi tube. On uzimele slide unenkinobho ekhethekile iyanqamula entwasahlobo ukubuya phezu yokushutha, kanjalo ngokudlulisela isibhamu ukulayisha kabusha imodi ibhukwana.

Esinye isici kuba phambi isibhamu ngcono imodeli, eyaziwa ngokuthi isibhamu self-yokulayisha Mondragon M1908 (Switzerland). Into wukuthi emva kokuphothulwa ukuthuthukiswa - e 1893 - noyedwa emazweni akazange alinge ukuqala ukukhiqizwa isikhali entsha othomathikhi. Kwaba ngemva kwesikhashana inkontileka ukukhiqizwa 50 ngezibhamu ngemvume kuqala Switzerland.

Ukuba Swiss sokuzingela Mondragon M1908

Uma gunsmiths Switzerland bajwayelane izikhali ezintsha othomathikhi, kunalokho bayenza ibe ngcono. Ukuze uqale igobolondo entsha Isikhishwe - 5,2h48 mm, lapho lihlukile izinhlamvu okujwayelekile (6,5h48 mm) arcade stem kubekwe uphawu futhi khona washers ekhethekile, okwakunginika isikhundla lesifanele wechibi.

Ngemva kwalokho, naye kuphumelela ngosizo imibuso emibili basungula cartridges for ngezibhamu 7,5h55 mm, .30-30 futhi 7x57 mm "Mauser". Inketho yokuqala ikhangwa uhulumeni Swiss. Izibhamu efanayo osezingeni 7x57 mm mekikantsam bathandile - ngakho kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukeneyo izikhali lokuqala okuzenzakalelayo: isibhamu Mondragon Fika. 1908, usebenza eMexico, futhi Mondragon M1908 eSwitzerland.

I okwalandela isiphetho

Isiphetho obengeziwe ezizishintshayo akuphumelelanga. Ngenxa kwenani uhulumeni Swiss ayikwazanga ukusebenzisa konke ukungenelela imikhiqizo ikhishwe. Ukuthenga ayikwazanga balukhulume ngisho eMexico. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1911 izwe timbiwa (Switzerland) kwaba inguqula-mbuso, futhi amasampula abangamakhulu amaningana bebetshiywa ukubutha uthuli e izimpahla.

Kukahulumeni wamavukelambuso sizame ukuba kusebenze isikhali. Futhi ngasekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe I kwaba basayina isivumelwano supply ngezibhamu eJalimane. Lapha-ke zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali pilot. Ngemva kwalokho, ngemva kwekuhlela kabusha abalulekile ziye lwenteke izikhali ezingaphezu kuka-1.7 million. Amazwe ukuthi kudingeka ukuzithiba ukulayisha sokuzingela M. Mondragon - Mexico, Chile, Peru, i-China ne Japan. Okukhiphayo ngezibhamu othomathikhi wayeka ngo-1950. Engakabi yayo, isibhamu kwadingeka isikhathi iqhaza eziningana impi enkulu behlomile isibe omunye ezichumayo izikhali.