The main ngezigaba ukhonkolo

Ukwahlukanisa ukhonkolo kusekelwe zindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko: ngesivumelwano, i-kwabantu Ngokwesilinganiso, kanye nohlobo isibopho e ingxube. Inhloso yazo, le nto empeleni uhlukaniswe sebuningini subclasses. Ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye izimo udinga ephakeme ukumelana ukushisa, kwezinye -. Umthelela ukumelana, njll Esimweni ngasinye, ukwakheka kwemisebenzi yoMnyango ukhethwa ukuthi akuvumeli isakhiwo ukuze ugoqe ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa.

Ngokuvamile, ngezigaba elandelayo ngokhonkolo eyakhelwe injongo:

- injongo izinto ezikhethekile (kusetshenziswa ezimweni emisebeni eliphezulu ezindaweni esidi, nokunye okunjalo);

- I-umgandayo ingxube, imigwaqo, airfields;

- ukhonkolo evamile (yenziwa izisekelo, iphansi, ezihlukahlukene kwagcizelela izakhiwo zikakhonkolo);

- amasampula wokubacindezela (esetshenziselwa udala indle, amadamu, emiseleni, njll).

Ukwahlukanisa ukuminyana ukhonkolo incike onjani lokubolekwa indawo busuka kwengoma. Uma ingxube ilula, tuff, nezinye nabavoti ukungena nakwamanye amazwe, kungase nesisindo kusuka 0.5 kuya 1.8 amathani ngalinye imitha cubic (Concretes Esilula, kuhlanganise ukhonkolo slag, ilula ukhonkolo, ubumba enwetshiwe). Ukuze uthole amasampuli ikakhulukazi esindayo (ngaphezu kuka-2.5 amathani / cu. Imitha) busuka ukhonkolo, imvuthuluka steel. Izingxube ezinjalo kusetshenziswa ukudalwa izakhiwo zokuzivikela. ukhonkolo Heavy (amathani 1.8-2.5 / cu. Imitha) yakhiwa diabase, egwadle noma limestone.

Ukwahlukanisa Ukhonkolo futhi inikeza inhlanganisela ultra-ekukhanyeni, efana ukhonkolo evundile, ukhonkolo evundile noma silicate foamed. Isisindo sawo ngalinye imitha cubic of esingaphansi kwesigamu ton. Ukhonkolo alesi sigaba ngenxa cellularity lenyuka ube ongaphakeme conductivity ezishisayo, kodwa amandla ongaphakeme futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngakho ngokuyisisekelo, bajwayele njengoba ebhekene izinto.

Ukwahlukanisa ukhonkolo ngohlobo ejenti esibophezelayo ezingaphezu kuka ebanzi. Iningi non-ayanda ejenti namuhla silicates ne indlela elapha i autoclave. Futhi njalo atholakala Izingxube esekelwe amanzi ingilazi, izingxenye stekloschelochnyh okudingekayo kumiswa ukushisa ukhonkolo ukumelana.

I ezivamile izinto esekelwe Gypsum, zazo ukwenza izingxenye ngombala, izindonga zangaphakathi, futhi ukuthola inhlanganisela ezinengilazi amanzi nemithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona kabanzi usimende ukhonkolo (ezifana Portland usimende), slag-ane-alikhali (umkhiqizo empeleni esasisesisha emakethe ukwakhiwa), polymer kwengoma.

Ukwahlukanisa futhi izakhiwo ukhonkolo bayadingeka ukuze kutholakale imingcele eziyisisekelo ingxube kanye nomklamo esizayo. Ikakhulukazi, izingoma ezifana isehlane izici ezifana ukuhamba (ikhono ageleze ngaphansi isisindo ayo), ukumelana namanzi (a ingcindezi lapho isampula 0.15 imitha amanzi), futhi okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu Russian, isithwathwa. Ngokwesibonelo, F1000 ukhonkolo wokugubha zingamelana izinkulungwane ncibilika-ncibilika imijikelezo, okuyinto ebaluleke ikakhulukazi ezindaweni nge sezulu engazinzile, futhi isampula F50 - imijikelezo 50 kuphela.