Mary, Indlovukazi Scots: Biography. Umlando ngoba iNdlovukazi uMary I uStuart

Scottish ngoba iNdlovukazi uMary I uStuart waphila impilo emangalisayo. isiphetho kwakhe okubuhlungu namanje ayimkhangi.

Ebuntwaneni futhi ekuqaleni iminyaka

Mary uStuart - Indlovukazi Scots kusukela ewusana, umbusi waseFrance (njengoba unkosikazi ka Francis II) futhi omunye pretenders yesihlalo sobukhosi sika-England, wazalwa ngo-December 8, 1542 ku Isigodlo Linlithgow, lokuhlala Intandokazi ababusi uStuart lwamakhosi.

indodakazi Princess Marii De sama kanye Scottish King James V, i-indlalifa yowesifazane kancane izinsuku ezimbalwa emva kokubelethwa, kushonelwa ubaba wakhe. Wafa esemncane, eneminyaka engu-30 iminyaka. Isizathu sokuba onjalo ukufa ekuqaleni kwaba ukunqotshwa esindayo futhi ilulaza kakhulu yeScotland empini neBrithani, kwezicebi komuntu oshade naye, waya kulo isitha, futhi ukufa kwamadodana amabili.

Njengoba izindlalifa eqondile esisemthethweni ngemva UJakobe wayesemuka, osanda kuzalelwa, indodakazi yakhe kwathiwa umbusi omusha wase-Scotland.

Ngenxa yobudala Mary, Indlovukazi Scots, wayengenakukwazi lokubusa, waqokwa ibamba. Zaba isihlobo sakhe abaseduze, Dzheyms Gamilton.

ukungqubuzana Military eNgilandi

Umlando ngoba iNdlovukazi uMary I yeScotland ugcwele esonta ezingalindelekile futhi badedelane. Uyise wayefuna umfelandawonye France, futhi ilwa uhulumeni waseBrithani. Regent Dzheyms Gamilton ngokuphambene waqala ukuphishekela Inqubomgomo pro-British. Kwavunyelwana Mary Ukushada indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi waseBrithani u-Edward. Ngu kulokhu kwadingeka wokugcotshwa kwakhe.

Against la mapulani laliyisakhiwo Queen Mother, ukukhonza neqembu ezicukuthwaneni Scottish ngoba ubuhlobo obusha ne-France. Izenzo zabo, kanye nemfuneko kukaHenry VIII ngokushesha ukuthumela kuye a uMariya kancane, kwaholela ekubeni ashintshe elibukhali isimo kuleli zwe. Abasekeli waqala ukubusa ngo-France, kanjalo iNgilandi wasabela ngokushesha kulo. Waqala zithi ku Scotland amabutho aseBrithani. Zonakale emizaneni nasemadolobheni, futhi wabhidliza isonto. abasekeli Active amaProtestani kumela rapprochement ne-England. Konke lokhu kuye kwabangela ukuba iqiniso lokuthi iziphathimandla Scottish bacela ukuba usizo eFrance. inkontileka ngomshado kaMariya indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi isiFulentshi, uFrancis sasayinwa. Ngemva kwalo nyaka emihlanu-Indlovukazi Scots wayiswa eFrance.

Ukuphila esigodlweni uHenry II

Ehlobo lika-1548 Little Mary nge retinue encane ifika e-Paris. Kwathiwa akenze ngezandla ezifudumele kakhulu esigodlweni senkosi French. Elapho wathola imfundo yekhethelo: ukufunda izilimi eziningana, ngafunda ukudlala lute futhi bacule.

iminyaka engu-10 ngemva kokufika kwakhe e-France koroleva uMariya Scots noFrancis sashada. Lokhu kusiza, omunye izimo zazo kwaba France esimweni ukudluliswa Scotland Queen engenabantwana, bathukuthelisa ekhaya lakhe.

Koroleva uMariya Scots noFrancis babendawonye iminyaka emibili kuphela. Ngemva ukubusa esihlalweni sobukhosi bakhe 1559 ezweni empeleni uyobusa Ekaterina Medichi, unina wenkosi. lezokwelashwa Francis washona ngo 1560. Ukufa kwakhe kwakusho ukubuya Mary uStuart ekhaya.

umama Regency

Umlando ngoba iNdlovukazi uMary I yeScotland kufana inoveli ezibuhlungu. Kusukela yena wahudulwa ku imidlalo zezombusazwe zalo zobukhosi esewusana, waphila ngaphandle ezweni iminyaka eminingi futhi abuse ngokwayo buhlala iminyaka eyisithupha.

Ngaleyo minyaka, lapho ayehlala khona e-France, esikhundleni ezweni lakubo obuswa unina, uMariya De sama. Kwakuyisikhathi esinzima Scotland. Aristocrats bebengeneme ngokuya emshadweni Queen zabo, amaProthestani ngokuya kwaqina umphumela ezaholela uqhekeko emphakathini. izinkinga Okuningi wabonakala kwakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi England Elizabeth I. Ubethula wesihlahla, noMariya, Indlovukazi Scots, kwadingeka ilungelo ngaphezulu ukuze ngizuze ifa umqhele England. Lenza kanje: ungagxambukeli Elizabeth lokuhlala esihlalweni sobukhosi, kodwa hhayi ngokusemthethweni balahle amalungelo ayo kuwo. Kodwa ngenkathi Maria enza isenzo ukuqubuka ukuthi phakade bonakalise ubuhlobo phakathi umbusi. Ubeka phezu ijazi lakhe izingalo umqhele eNgilandi, kusikiselwa ukuthi uyindlalifa esemthethweni.

Olwaqala ngalesi sikhathi inguquko amaProthestani Scotland wenza abalandeli bakhe ukuba bafune usizo England, nase-Elizabeth I Wethula izwe amabutho. Mary, Indlovukazi Scots, akakwazanga ukumsiza umama, ngenxa yokuthi babengenayo umphumela, futhi Ekaterina Medichi, owabusa France eqinisweni, akazange ufuna ukungena ezingqubuzana eBrithani.

Ehlobo lika-1560, uMariya De sama wafa - wayewukuphela isithiyo wokugcina ekunqobeni kokugcina amaProtestani eScotland. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho uyafa Francis II.

Amazing

Ngo 1561, uMary Stuart wabuyela Scotland. Isimo, okuyinto hit indlovukazi oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala, kwaba nzima kakhulu. Abasekeli nimunye France ebesezilungele ukuwusekela ngazo zonke izindlela. Iphiko ngokulinganisela ngabe kufanele idluliselwe uhlangothi lwakhe kuphela ngaphansi isimo kulondolozwe kobuProthestani ua a rapprochement ne-England. Ingxenye kakhulu lenkhulu Izicukuthwane of the Queen YamaProthestani bafuna ikhefu ngokushesha nge inkolo yobuKatolika nomshado yayo nomunye abaholi babo - Earl of Arran. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kwakudingeka senze ngokuqapha kakhulu.

IBhodi kanye nezombusazwe

Koroleva uMariya Scots, okuyinto biography umnandi kakhulu kule minyaka wokubusa kwakhe, ukuze uqaphele. EsengamaProthestani awusamukelanga, kodwa futhi ukubuyisela YobuKatolika lizwe abazange bazame. Wawusekelwe block ngokulinganisela ngokuthayipha abasezikhundleni ukhiye esimweni, uWilliam Maitland futhi uJames Stewart, wakhe half-brother. Radicals wazama uhlele ugobe, kodwa akazange aphumelele. Queen ezihlukile kwezisemthethweni yamaProthestani, kodwa hhayi Wazishiya neRoma. Le nqubomgomo nemiphumela emihle - ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Mary uStuart kuleli zwe kwakuhunyushwa ezolile.

Uma izinkinga ezweni yokuzwa ngaphandle zokuchitha igazi, inqubomgomo angaphandle alethwe nobunzima okuningi. Scotland Queen wenqaba ukuba bavume -Elizabeth I indlalifa esisemthethweni, benethemba lokuthola amalungelo abo isihlalo sobukhosi saseNgilandi. Akekho kubo wayehamba ukuya yokubuyisana.

ukuphila Siqu

Noma yimuphi portrait kaMariya Stuart, Indlovukazi Scots, uthi owesifazane wayehlakaniphile ebukekayo. Abahlanganyeli engalweni yakhe eyayibekwe. Ngemva kokufa okuzumayo Francis II neNdlovukazi ukubuyela ekhaya udaba yomshado wakhe omusha kwaba sibi kakhulu. Abhekana Nazo 1565 abasha Genriha Styuarta, yena wamthanda naye lapho uqala nje ukubona, futhi ngawo lowo nyaka wathatha umshado wabo. Lokhu kwabangela ukunganeliseki eqinile hhayi kuphela Queen of England, kodwa futhi abasekeli abakhulu Marii Styuart. umshado wakhe yayisho ukwehluleka kwenqubomgomo rapprochement ne-England. Dzheyms Styuart waqala ukuhlubuka ngokumelana Queen, kodwa wakwazi ukuthola ukwesekwa futhi wakwazi ukushayela kwabozungu eveni.

Umshado wesibili akuphumelelanga. Njengoba umbusi Okuqukethwe akuzwakali, uHenry wazama ukulawula lizwe ezandleni zabo, ukuze Maria inkani. Kancane kancane bakhulisa ngaphandle. Queen ngokuya wencike ngosizo nonobhala wakhe Davida Richcho, futhi beziphindiselela, uHenry baba abangane ngalo kanye namaProthestani, waba nengxenye ugobe umfazi oyintandokazi. Riccio wadutshulwa ngemvula yezinhlamvu wabulawa phambi Queen. Kwadingeka ngenze umzamo ngisho ukuvumelanisa nomyeni wakhe ukuba achithe Uzungu linqoba ngokumelene nalo. Kodwa ubuhlobo uHenry yayisivele spoilt ngokuphelele. Tom awugcinanga ngokuba nesandla ngokubulala ngesihluku Riccio, kodwa futhi wokuzilibazisa entsha Queen - Earl enesibindi Bothwell. Futhi isibonisa indlela yokuthola injabulo yakhe yaba umlingani. Wayekwazi ukubona indodana abasanda kuzalwa uJakobe engumlanjwana zabo, bese uvumele ukuthi kwakungenakwenzeka.

Genrih Styuart, Nkosi Darnley, wabulawa ukuqhuma powder Keg endlini lapho ehlala khona, ebusuku-8 kuya kwezingu-9 Februwari 1567. Watholakala engadini ngenkathi izama ukuzibalekela.

Emlandweni Mary etulweni ebelibekwe umyeni wakhe namanje kubhekwa impikiswano. Darnley wazala izitha sina, kodwa amahemuhemu ethandwa sola indlovukazi. Futhi yena, ngasizathu simbe, cha enza anything ukufakazela akanacala bugebengu Scottish. Kunalokho, elithi nokuyidlalisa zonke, esingaphansi kwenyanga ngemva kokushona komyeni wakhe washada Bothwell.

kokugumbuqelwa

Lokhu ukushada ngokuxhamazela kwaphahlazeka iphutha indlovukazi. Washeshe elahlekile ukwesekwa wakhe, kanye nezitha zakhe ngokushesha bayisebenzisa kahle le simo. Iqoqa amandla, base ngokumelene uMariya nomyeni wakhe omusha. amabutho Royal bahlulwa, indlovukazi umaluju, ngaphambi ukuthi ukukwazi ukusula indlela ukubalekela umyeni wakhe. Le nqaba Lohvelene waphoqeleka ukuba asayine renunciation wamandla umusa wendodana esencane.

Escape eNgilandi. Komzamo ukuba bathole amandla kabusha

Akuzona zonke ezivumayo nezicukuthwane baphoqeleka ukufuduka bombusi wawo ozimisele ukwenza. Izwe laqala injabulo. Mary, Indlovukazi Scots, wakwazi ukusizakala lokhu futhi zeqe ejele. Ukuzama ukuba bathole amandla kabusha kuhlulekile. ibutho ukuphikiswa wahlulwa nendlovukazi wagudluzwa waphoqeleka ukuba abalekele eNgilandi.

Iziza ngokumelene U-Elizabeth I

Indlovukazi England wazithola esesimweni esibucayi. Siza zamabutho empi ayikwazanga ukuthumela umzala eFrance, futhi - Maria ngokushesha baqala ukubeka phambili isimangalo isihlalo sobukhosi saseNgilandi. Elizabeth avule uphenyo ngezimo kufa umyeni wesibili kaMariya iqhaza lakhe kuwo.

Queen abaphikisi ethulwa izinhlamvu (ngaphandle izinkondlo zakhe, base umkhohlisi), zazo okusolwa wayesikisela ukuthi ayekwazi nge ngesakhiwo. Ngenxa yalokho lenkantolo kanye futhi kwagqashuka Scotland izibhelu Maria ekugcineni ngililahle ithemba ukuba bathole amandla kabusha.

Nakuba ejele, wenza ngobudedengu kakhulu, baqala elihambisana namanye basezindlini zobukhosi. Against Elizabeth akazange ayeke ukuzama ukusenza offset ke livela esihlalweni sobukhosi, futhi uMariya wahlala Olwa ezinkulu ngenxa yalo.

Trial nasekubulaleni Marii Styuart, Indlovukazi Scots

igama layo kuthiwa wenziwa eziningi uvumbulula gobe ngokumelene Elizabeth, kodwa wayemadolonzima, hhayi sibambe ukuya izinyathelo kakhulu. Kuphela uma uzithela ukuxhumana imbangi nomunye abaholi bakhi, i-Queen of England unqume enkantolo. Yena wagwetshwa Mary uStuart ekufeni. Elizabeth esabalindele umzala izicelo lacrimal akaxolelwe, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya.

Mary Stuart, Indlovukazi Scots, umlando wokuphila engasasetshenziselwa obusa izingqondo mlando nabameleli ubuciko, ihlala lesikafula futhi wabulawa ekuseni esidlangalaleni eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 44 8 Februwari 1587. Ngaqhubeka ke Akumangalisi nesibindi, futhi ihlala lesikafula nekhanda okusezingeni eliphezulu. Stefan Tsveyg lolungenamaphutsa echazwe isigwebo YeNdlovukazi emsebenzini wakhe lona wesifazane emangalisayo.

Scottish ngoba iNdlovukazi uMary I uStuart zobuciko

isiphetho kwakhe okubuhlungu kanye isijeziso esinesihluku babe umthombo imisebenzi eminingi yobuciko. Stefan Tsveyg, Friedrich Schiller nabanye abalobi ziye zanikezela imisebenzi yabo kuye. Ukubulawa Marii Styuart, Indlovukazi Scots, kwaba isisusa canvasses eziningi.

Ebhayisikobho libuye uyasala. Ukuphila lapho kwakukhona ube nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi, uthando nokukhohlisa, ithemba komuntu oshade naye, kubonakala sici kanye documentary amafilimu.

Igama lalona wesifazane ongavamile kuhilela okuningi izindaba oqanjiwe. Esikhathini uchungechunge entsha, "UMbuso," abalobi waqhubeka ukuhlanekezela kwesokudla zomlando - koroleva uMariya Scots and Sebastian, le ndodana engumlanjwana kukaHenry II noDiane de yasePoitiers, lapha njengoba abathandi. Eqinisweni uhlamvu komlando okunjengalokhu asikaze.

Ngo-2013, it wadalwa ifilimu "UMariya - Queen of Scots (Scotland)," esikhuluma ngesiphetho okumangazayo umbusi sithwele banner ku Imiqhele ezintathu.