Lisa del Giocondo: Biography, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo. Umdwebo "Mona Lisa" kaLeonardo da Vinci

Baningi imisebenzi emikhulu adalwe abaculi e nangenkathi ezahlukene. UNkosazana Lisa del Giocondo, isithombe eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu edlule, sizungezwe odumo kangangokuthi kube mhlawumbe umsebenzi lodumo kakhulu ngomqondo ophelele waleli gama. Kukhona ihaba. Kodwa yini esiyaziyo ngokuphila kwaholela Lisa del Giocondo? Biography ke izokwethulwa ukunakwa kwakho.

umndeni

Antonmariya Noldo di Gherardini - uyise kaLisa, ongumfelokazi kabili. Emshadweni wakhe wokuqala yena wayeshade Lisa Di Dzhovanni Filippo De Carducci, kanti eyesibili - at Caterina di Mariotto Ruchellia ubani wafa ngesikhathi sokubeletha. umshado Okwesithathu senzeka ngo 1476 nge Lucrezia del Kachio. Gherardini umndeni laliwumuzi wasendulo, ahlukile kodwa bempofu futhi laphelelwa ithonya layo e Florence. Kwakuwuhambo okuphephile futhi ngajabulela ipulazi nokungena kwemali e Chianti, oveza amafutha omnqumo, iwayini, ukolo kutshalwa nezinkomo.

Lisa Gherardini Njengoba kwakuyimi omdala ekhaya futhi wazalwa ngomhla ka-15 Juni 1479 e-Via Maggio. Lethiwa ugogo zoyise. Kodwa umndeni wakhe kwadingeka odade abathathu nabafowethu abathathu.

Umndeni abahlala Florence, wathutha izikhathi eziningana, futhi ekugcineni zijwayeza ezingomakhelwane Piero da Vinci, uyise sikaLeonardo.

umshado kaLisa

Mashi 5, 1495, lapho intombazane eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, Lisa ngishade Francesco di Bartolomeo del Giocondo.

Wabangumkakhe lwesithathu. isipho sakhe Wayenesizotha futhi lalinabashumayeli 170 florins futhi epulazini San Silvestro elalisemagcekeni Awukude indlu ezweni Giocondo umndeni. Omunye angase acabange ukuthi umkhwenyana akazange ukuphishekela ngobugovu ingcebo, kodwa umane wathandana nentombazane nesizotha kusukela emndenini okungahambisani ifa fortune eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eneminyaka engu-emdala umkakhe osemusha - ngesikhathi umshado eneminyaka engu-30 ubudala.

Yini umndeni Giocondo?

Lawa kwakungamadodana abathengisi kasilika nezingubo ngokuphazima kweso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Francesco del Giocondo kwadingeka amapulazi ukuthi yayiseKhesariya Castellina e Chianti futhi San Donato e Poggio eduze amapulazi amabili kamuva laba impahla yabantwana Michelangelo Buonarroti.

Francesco waqala ukukhuphuka isitebhisi kwezenhlalo futhi ngo-1512 wakhethwa ukuba Piazza della Signoria e Florence.

Cishe Wayefanele azihlangene izithakazelo ezombangazwe nezentengiselwano we Medici umndeni onamandla, ngoba lapho uhulumeni omkhulu eFlorence esatshwe kokubuya kwawo ekuthunjweni, ukuthi Francesco wahlawuliswa florins 1,000 bese beboshwa. Kodwa wadedelwa lapho amandla libuyiselwe Medici.

domesticity

UNkosazana Lisa del Giocondo wahlala ukuphila kwakhe ngokuthula nangokuzwana nomngane wakho womshado. Wakhuliswa indodana yakhe kumkakhe wokuqala Camille Ruchelai. nosingamama kaLisa, Caterina futhi Camilla kwakunodade bomdabu.

Lisa del Giocondo umshado wabo ephakanyiswe isimo sezenhlalo yayo, njengomndeni, lapho wangena, bekulokhu uhambisane okuningi kuka eyakhe. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, e 1503, uFrancesco sathenga indlu entsha ku Via della Stafa anakekele umkhaya wakhe, esiseduze nomuzi wakhe omdala.

Ibalazwe isikhungo okungokomlando Florence imakwe abomvu endlini, lapho behlala Francesco noLisa, onsomi - abazali ekhaya uLisa. Babeqale sasisogwini enyakatho, eduze komfula Arno, bese uya ngaseningizimu ngakolunye ogwini.

Lo mbhangqwana kwadingeka izingane ezinhlanu: Piero, noCamilla Andrea, Giocondo, futhi Marietta. Kamuva, Camilla futhi Marietta uzobe tonsured indelakazi. Camille kokuba sesamukele ukuphuca ukhakhayi at igama Beatrice, ushone eneminyaka engu-18, wembelwa Basilica of Santa Maria Novella. Marietta wathatha igama Louis futhi waba ilungu elihloniphekile esigodlweni Santa Orsola.

Ukugula nokufa

Ngo 1538, uFrancesco wafa lapho muzi waba yilo mqedazwe. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe Wayala ukubuya komkayo othandekayo wakhe ilobolo, izingubo nezinto zokuhloba: Lisa del Giocondo njengoba ethembekileyo inkosikazi eyisibonelo kufanele inikezwe bonke.

Usuku olunembile kokufa Nkz Lisa engakaze isungulwe. Kukhona iziphakamiso ukuthi washona ngo-1542 eneminyaka engu-63. Okunye usuku lokufa kwakhe - mayelana 1551, lapho eneminyaka engu-71-72 ubudala. Yena wangcwatshwa esigodlweni St. Ursula e Florence.

ukuze portrait

Thanda iningi Florentines, owaphila sikhathi Italian Renaissance, Francesco Giocondo umndeni yayizimisele ku art. Messer Francesco wayengumngane Piero da Vinci waseNgilandi. Indodana yakhe Leonardo, ngaphambi kokuba sibuyele 1503 kuya Florence lwakubo, eside ezulazula emadolobheni Italian.

Ngokusebenzisa uyise amnika isifiso ukuthi wayenikeze we florentiyki abasha. Lapha waqala umsebenzi nesithome Mona Lisa. "Mona" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "iNkosikazi." Leonardo wasebenza kuso ngaphezu konyaka owodwa. Vasari waloba ukuthi waqhubeka ukusebenza iminyaka emine, kodwa mhlawumbe ngisho nangaphezulu. Ngazi kanjani ukuthi ubani ngesineke "le Mona Lisa"? Lokhu kungenziwa ngokufunda "Izimpilo" Dzhordzho Vazari. It is umthombo neyaziwayo yethembekile yibo bonke a baxgeki. Ngeshwa, iningi baseRussia akudingeki ithuba ukuvakashela Louvre, lapho portrait edumile emhlabeni wonke. Uma ubheka i-yokuqala, yonke imibuzo mayelana nendlela ukuthola ukuthi ngubani wenza umdwebo "iMona Lisa", uzonyamalala bebodwa.

umsebenzi genius

Yini, eqinisweni, waphetha umphumela wawo imilingo kanye ukuthandwa ongenakuqhathaniswa nalutho? Kubonakala sengathi lesi sithombe ezinzima elula. It is akumangalisi bikho imibala egqamile, izingubo zikanokusho, kanye umbono understated imodeli. Zonke ukunakwa sesibukeli igxile abaseduze, Ubamba emehlweni intombazane iyona usongo kanye ukuthatheka main kwalesi sithombe.

Lapho sibheka Lisa, kuba ilapho zithola okwengeziwe isifiso ukungena ekujuleni kwengqondo yakhe. Kodwa lokhu kuyinto umsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Model posing umugqa eqondile ukuthi umbukeli hhayi lunganqoba. Lena enye yezinto eziyimpicabadala enkulu yesithombe. Smile futhi bheka, okungukuthi ebusweni - lokhu kubalulekile kule portrait. isikhundla komzimba, izingalo, isimo sezwe, nokunye okuningi - kungcono imininingwane angaphansi ebusweni. Lena amakhono imilingo zezibalo uLeonardo: imodeli unathi ezicini ezithile. Lidonsa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ivaliwe isibukeli. Lena esinye sezimangaliso yalo mfanekiso.

Lisa del Giocondo: Managing

• Giocondo nesibongo ihumusha ngokuthi "gay" noma "kwenjabulo."
• Isithombe asikwazi ngokuthi ngendwangu, ngoba kulotshiwe ukuthi ebhodini lokhuni wenza yesihlahla se-poplar.
• Isibalo kanye landscape sibona ngelinye ihlo. Model - kwesokudla, ingemuva - phezulu.
• Mayelana landscape akukho iphuzu elilodwa umbono. Othile ucabanga ukuthi kungcono Tuscany, le Arno emfuleni esigodini; othile qiniseka ukuthi lokhu enyakatho, landscape okuyimfihlakalo Milan.
• Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka isithombe ishintshile umbala. Manje eyohlobo, sinombala. Lacquer eseliphuphile nge sikhathi, uxhumana sombala blue umbala kwenkundla.
• Ngokuphindaphindiwe kokubuyela emsebenzini ku nesithome lomculi ngokwethukela yokuhamba kwami imodeli yangempela. Yonke imibono yakhe ngomdali emhlabeni ukubeka ngendlela generalized. Phambi kwethu - a okwakufanekiselwa sendoda ngokuvumelana nezimfanelo zakhe engqondweni nangokomzwelo.
• Portrait, njengazo zonke imisebenzi Leonardo, ungangenanga ngemvume.
• Isithombe akuyona Inani eliqondile. Zonke imizamo ukulicubungula ayimlethelanga umphumela owodwa.
• Ngo-1911, umkhiqizo eyebiwe. Amaphoyisa Asitholanga isithombe noma isela. Kodwa ngo-1914, ngokuzithandela wabuya emuva umkhiqizo.