Yesimanjemanje - ke ... yesimanjemanje kwezobuciko. abameleli yesimanjemanje

Yesimanjemanje - movement zobuciko elinesimo Ukuhamba kusuka odlule isipiliyoni zomlando art kuze kube ekuphikeni wako. Yesimanjemanje kwavela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kodwa nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo wafika ngasekuqaleni 20 leminyaka th. Ukuthuthukiswa yesimanjemanje ubephelezelwa izinguquko eziphawulekayo izincwadi, zobuciko kanye izakhiwo. Amasiko art Ngeke uhlale njalo izinguquko ngesikhathi osithandayo, kodwa isidingo yesimanjemanje njengendlela yokuthola ushintsho ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 usuyezwakala. Ngokuyinhloko, Inqubo yokuthuthukisa ezolile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi yayiyizinhlobo nenkani ka yesimanjemanje, njengoba kwakunjalo nomculi abasha Salvador Dali, eyayifuna ukwakha surrealism art ngaphandle kokulibala. Nokho, amasiko zobuciko unekhono ngesikhathi esifanele, ngakho akekho ungasheshisa noma ukubambezela yonke inqubo.

Evolution of the yesimanjemanje

Paradigm ka yesimanjemanje isibe evelele engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi isifiso sokuba ushintsho olukhulu art aqala ukuncipha, futhi French "Art Nouveau", isiJalimane "Art Nouveau" futhi "Russian yesimanje" esandulele yesimanjemanje njengendlela mkhuba wamavukelambuso, wathatha ifomu sikhululeke kakhudlwana .

Yesimanjemanje kwezobuciko noma ubuciko yesimanjemanje?

Qonda phambili lezi ukwakhiwa kwakufanele abalobi, abaculi kanye abaklami emhlabeni ophucukile lonke. Abanye abameleli izibani okuholela emkhakheni wezobuciko babekholelwa ukuthi empilweni yesimanjemanje - ushintsho eside elindelwe, futhi kufanele kube ukubeka phambili ukuqhubeka impucuko, omunye legatsha indima empilweni yesimanjemanje kulungiswe izindawo ngabanye emkhakheni wezobuciko futhi akukho okunye. Impikiswano baqhubeka ukufakazela icala labo akekho owakwazi. Noma kunjalo, yesimanjemanje zobuciko lamelana nabo, futhi lokhu kwaba Umfutho ukuqhubeka ke kuzo zonke izindawo. Izinguquko kwakungafanele lubonakale ngokushesha kuthinta inertia emphakathini, njengoba kuyinto evamile, saqala ukuxoxa izitayela ezintsha, umuntu kwaba ushintsho, umuntu akathokozi ngabo. Khona-ke kuqhame isinyathelo yesimanjemanje art abaqondisi, abalobi ezidumile, abaculi, futhi bonke ababecabanga lesichubekako, baqala ukusakaza izinto ezintsha, futhi kancane kancane yesimanjemanje wayebhekwa.

Yesimanjemanje e zobuciko

Izikhombisi eyinhloko yesimanjemanje ngokugcwele ukuziphilisa imidwebo, portrait umdvwebo, ebaziwe nezinye izinhlobo zobuciko ezibukwayo kwavela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Kwase kubekwe isisekelo e-1863, lapho Paris sivulwe okubizwa ngokuthi 'Salon des benqaba ", abaculi ukuhlangana-avngardisty futhi ukwethula umsebenzi wabo. salon igama liyazikhulumela, umphakathi akazange ukwamukela Umdwebo abstract, yasishiya ke. Noma kunjalo, ukubonakala nje "Salon des benqaba" kusho ukuthi art modernist ulinde ukuqashelwa.

izinkomba yesimanjemanje

Ngokushesha Amathrendi modernist wathatha ifomu ukhonkolo, Amathrendi elandelayo art:

• expressionism Abstract - zinendlela yazo imidwebo lapho umculi uchitha lakhe lokusungula inani lemali elincane isikhathi, Ufaka upende on ngendwangu, kuthintwa kunezinxushunxushu ukuba emabhulashini imidwebo, ngezikhathi okubangela imivimbo.
• Dada - imisebenzi yobuciko in isakhiwo ikholaji yesitayela on ngendwangu kwezingcezu ezimbalwa zendaba. Izithombe ngokuvamile benamandla wokuphika kuphika, indlela baphikise nesihloko. Isitayela Wayesevuka masinyane ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, futhi waba umfundi nokuboniswa imizwa yokuphelelwa yithemba, owandile umphakathi.
• Cubism - nemiyalezo wahlela sibalo Jomethri. Isitayela uqobo wobuciko kakhulu, yobuciko wakuqala isitayela cubism wadala Pablo Pikasso. Indlelanchubo kuyiwa ukuze umsebenzi umculi Pol Sezann - imidwebo yakhe zifakwe yengcebo art emhlabeni.
• Post-Impressionism - ukwenqaba ngokoqobo ebonakalayo futhi esikhundleni izithombe wangempela stylization zokuhlobisa. Isitayela abanekhono okukhulu, kodwa sezisebenza kuphela Vincent van Gogh futhi Pol Gogen.

Surrealism, omunye izinqaba eyinhloko yesimanjemanje

Surrealism - iphupho ngokoqobo, ubuciko kweqiniso, sibonakalisa umqondo eziqanjiwe iningi labaculi. I ovelele kakhulu abadwebi surrealist babe Salvador Dali, u-Ernst Fuchs futhi Arno Breker, okuyinto ndawonye bakha isigaba 'yeGolden Triangle of surrealism ".

Painting isitayela nge touch of kakhulu

Fauvism - ukuba silandele isitayela esithile, okubangela umuzwa uthando namandla, libhekene nokuphakamisa umbala "zasendle" imibala ekhululekile. Uzungu futhi ezimweni eziningi kwaze kwaba seqophelweni kakhulu. Abaholi lo mkhuba babe Henri Matisse André Derain.

Engokwemvelo zobuciko

Futurism - Ukuhlangana organic yobuciko kanye nezimiso Cubism fomizma, isiyaluyalu imibala ixubene ezimpambanweni of imigca lecondzile, onxantathu nama-engeli. Image Dynamics kuyinto uhlamvu uqeda kule konke isithombe iragela phambili, amandla kungabonakala yonke imininingwane.

Isitayela umculi Georgian Niko Pirosmani

Primitivism - isithombe kwezobuciko e isitayela yokuncishiswa bayazi ngamabomu, okuholela iphethini efana lokusungula bakudala kwengane noma udonga imidwebo nasemihumeni zezizwe lasekuqaleni. isitayela lwasekuqaleni Umdwebo akusenzi ezingeni layo kwezobuciko, uma abadonswa umdwebi weqiniso. Ummeleli abavelele babengasiqondi primitivism kwaba Niko Pirosmani.

yesimanjemanje etemibhalo

yesimanjemanje Literary ingena esikhundleni i canons esungulwe zasendulo lelandzisako. Kwakheka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, isitayela ngokubhala amanoveli kanye izindaba kancane kancane waqala ukubonisa izimpawu zesifo yokujama tsi, kwakukhona monotony ezithile izinhlobo isethulo. Khona-ke abalobi waqala bephendukela kwabanye, ukutolika angaphambilini wokukhulelwa kwezobuciko. Abafundi ziye zalungiselelwa imiqondo ngokwengqondo nefilosofi. Ngakho kwaba khona isitayela uthola kwencazelo "ekusakazeni ukwazi" esekelwe ukuqonda okujulile Psychology izinhlamvu. Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu empilweni yesimanjemanje ezincwadini kuyinto inoveli by umbhali waseMelika, uWilliam Faulkner ngokuthi "Sound kanye Fury."

Ngamunye izinhlamvu kule noveli ihlaziye ngezimiso esibalulekile, izimfanelo zalo zokuziphatha kanye nezifiso. amasu Faulkner inesizathu, ngoba kungenxa ukuhlaziywa ukuphenya ngenkuthalo nokuhlola ezijulile ubunjalo umlingisi babe indaba ezithakazelisayo. Ngokwenza ucwaningo yayo Uilyam Folkner ngokubhala isitayela liyingxenye "segolide emihlanu" US abalobi, kanye nabanye abalobi ababili - Dzhon Steynbek futhi Skott Fittsdzherald, ngubani emsebenzini wakhe uzama ukulandela kokubusa ngo-ejulile analysis.

abameleli yesimanjemanje ezincwadini:

• Uolt Uitmen waziwa kakhulu izinkondlo zakhe iqoqo "Amahlamvu ka Utshani."
• Sharl Bodler - iqoqo izinkondlo, "Izimbali Kobubi".
• Arthur Rambo - izinkondlo "Illuminations", "Omunye ehlobo esihogweni."
• Fyodor Dostoevsky ngemisebenzi "Abafowethu Karamazov" futhi "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" kuyinto yesimanjemanje Russian etemibhalo.

Indima Umhlahlandlela Vector amabutho ukuthi nomthelela abalobi - wabasunguli be yesimanjemanje, eyenziwa zefilosofi Henri Bergson, Uilyam Dzheyms, Fridrih Nitsshe, nabanye. Angazi uhlale eceleni futhi Freud sasho.

Ngenxa yesimanjemanje eminyakeni yokuqala amathathu amafomu etemibhalo kwekhulu lama-20 base yasishintsha.

Inkathi yesimanjemanje, babhali, bahlatiyi, izimbongi?

Phakathi eyaziwa best abalobi empilweni yesimanjemanje isikhathi kukhona ababhali ezilandelayo kanye izimbongi

• Anna Akhmatova (1889-1966) - imbongi Russian nge ukufa kabuhlungu, yalahlekelwa umkhaya wakhe phakathi neminyaka repressions kaStalin. He is kumbhali amaqoqo eziningana izinkondlo, kanye owaziwa inkondlo "Requiem".
• Franz KAFKA (1883-1924) - umlobeli impikiswano kakhulu Austria imisebenzi kabani babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli aluhlaza cwe. Phakathi nokuphila umlobi amanoveli akhe awazange ishicilelwe. Ngemva kokufa KAFKA yonke imisebenzi yakhe zishicilelwe, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayengenzanga zakhuza umhlola kule futhi ngesikhathi ukuphila conjured executors wakhe ushise amanoveli ngokushesha ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Ngokwami ukubhubhisa umbhali wesandla wahluleka, njengoba bahamba izandla bese ubuyela kubo umbhali, ayikho abayithandayo bakhe ukuthi babengeke.
• Uilyam Folkner (1898-1962) - owawina 1949 Nobel nezincwadi zokufunda Prize, okuyinto idume kokuba wadala County yokudlala in the sokushisekela American, ngokuthi Yoknapatawpha, peopled ngayo izinhlamvu futhi waqala ukuchaza ezimpilweni zabo. imisebenzi Faulkner sika kukhona imvelo ngendlela emangalisayo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwesakhiwo, kodwa uma umfundi ehluleka ukuqonda intambo eyibhalela ngalesosikhathi enyula it lesitsetfwe enovelini, indaba noma indaba umbhali waseMelika odumile engasakwazi.
• Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) - omunye labalandeli abathembekile iningi yesimanjemanje ezincwadini. amanoveli yakhe nezindaba bazongena esitelekeni amandla abo. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, umlobi kwakungomunye ecasulayo emagunyeni US, ukhathazwa izinsolo engenangqondo, izindlela ezazisetshenziswa CIA ukuletha Hemingway ngakuye, azinasisekelo. Konke kwaqeda umshikashika wecala obangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa umbhali ukuwohloka nokubekwa zesikhashana esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo. Umlobi has eyodwa kuphela uthando ekuphileni kwakhe - ekuzingeleni kwakhe isibhamu. Julayi 2, 1961 Hemingway wazibulala ngokudubula yena ephethe isibhamu lesi.
• Thomas Mann (1875-1955) - umbhali isiJalimane, umlobi, omunye wabalobi ezimatasa zezombusazwe Germany. Yonke imisebenzi yakhe igcwele ezombusazwe, kodwa ukubaluleka kwaso kwezobuciko, bangalahlekelwa kulokhu. Mann akamusha lokusungula futhi Ukwanelisa inkanuko, isibonelo salokhu - ". I Bavume uFeliksi Krull" noveli I protagonist kuyinto uhlamvu imisebenzi Oscar Wilde, Dorian elimpunga. Izimpawu yesimanjemanje ngemisebenzi Thomas Mann sobala.
• Marcel Proust (1871-1922) - umbhali isiFulentshi, umbhali wencwadi imisebenzi omningi eziyisikhombisa "Ukufuna Isikhathi elahlekile", okuyinto kubhekwa omunye amasampula esiphawuleka kunazo zonke izincwadi kwekhulu lama-20. Proust ungumlandeli umsekeli oqinile yesimanjemanje njengoba indlela ethembisayo yentuthuko etemibhalo.
• Virdzhiniya Vulf (1882-1942) - Umlobi oyiNgisi, kubhekwa umlandeli eyiqiniso kakhulu "ekusakazeni ukwazi". Yesimanjemanje kwaba umbhali ngoba injongo yokuphila kwakhe, ngaphezu amanoveli eziningi of Virginia Woolf ku fa zithathelwe ezincwadini eziningana imisebenzi yakhe.

Yesimanjemanje Literary liye laba nethonya enkulu umsebenzi abalobi kanye izimbongi ngokuya ngcono nokuthuthukiswa.

izakhiwo yesimanje

Lamagama "empilweni yesimanjemanje esezingeni bokwakha" libhekisela igama elithi "izakhiwo yesimanje" ngoba siveza uxhumano okunengqondo. Kodwa nomqondo yesimanjemanje akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi "yesimanje" yizwi ekahle "lanamuhla." Art Nouveau futhi yesimanjemanje - imiqondo emibili ehlukene.

izakhiwo modernist kusho ukuqala amaphayona zokudala bokwakha yesimanje kanye nokusebenza kwazo kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi, ne-20-bit ne-70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. izakhiwo Modern sihlehlela emuva ngaphezulu zakamuva. Make iminyaka engamashumi ayisihlanu kukhona inkathi yesimanjemanje bokwakha, kuyilapho ukuvela izitayela ezintsha.

Amathrendi bokwakha yesimanje

izakhiwo Modern - lawa izindawo ehlukile bokwakha, ezifana ukwakhiwa European obusebenzayo 1920-30 noma nokungaguquguquki we rationalism bokwakha Russian we eko, lapho izindlu ezakhiwa izinkulungwane eyodwa project. Lokhu "Bauhaus" isiJalimane, "Art Deco" eFrance, i-international isitayela, organic, brutalism izakhiwo. Konke okungenhla kuyinto amagatsha umuthi owodwa vo - izakhiwo zesimanje.

Prestavitelyami yesimanjemanje bokwakha yilezi: Le Korbyuze, Oscar Niemeyer, Richard Neutra, uWalter Gropius, Frenk Lloyd Rayt nabanye.

Yesimanjemanje e umculo

Yesimanjemanje - isitayela esikhundleni isimiso, kodwa umculo ushintsho ngokuyinhloko ixhomeke ekutheni iziqondiso jikelele isiko ethnographic umphakathi. Amathrendi Progressive izingxenye zamasiko nakanjani ephelezelwa kugucuka emhlabeni umculo. Yesimanjemanje yenza izimo ayo izikhungo zomculo ukuthi Kuye kwasakazwa emphakathini. Nokho, isiko yesimanjemanje ayishintshi amafomu zakudala zomculo.