Painter Rembrandt Van Reyn: Biography, lokusungula

Art Kwenza ukuphila kujabulise kakhulu futhi emuhle. Kunabantu abangazange kuzohlala kwimemori amakhulu amaningi eminyaka, umsebenzi okuzokwenziwa ngofuzo zonke izizukulwane ezintsha.

Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, uzoba eduze ukuqonda ifa yobuciko zezwe, ezihlala isikhashana ushiye okuyinhloko omkhulu - umdwebi Rembrandt Van Reyn.

biography

Namuhla-ke kubizwa ngokuthi inkosi izithunzi, kanye indoda eyayingase ukubeka ngokuphelele noma yimaphi amadlingozi ku-canvas. Ngokulandelayo, sitshelwa ngo sibheke indlela yokuphila ukuthi kwadingeka ukuthi ahambe.

Rembrandt Harmensz Van Reyn (1606-1669) wazalelwa e-Netherlands, emzini Leiden. Kusukela esemncane yayinesithakazelo imidwebo, kanye neminyaka engu-13 wafundiswa ezobuciko ngesikhathi uJakobe Van Svanenbyurha, okuyinto komdwebi zomlando.

Ngemva kwalokhu, kuyaziwa ukuthi Rembrandt engu-17 ubudala wafundiswa ngaphansi Pieter Lastman, wafika e-Amsterdam. Uthisha wakhe ezikhethekile izisusa kweBhayibheli kanye izinganekwane.

Washeshe wahileleka ibhizinisi

Kakade 21 iminyaka Rembrandt Van Reyn nomngane wakhe wavula workshop on umdvwebo futhi kwadingeka umfundi njalo kits nezobuciko amakilasi. Kwathatha iminyaka embalwa nje, futhi usuthandwa nabanye njengokaputeni izikebhe wakhe.

Kanye nomngani wakhe Lievens sebevele ngaleso sikhathi ukudala yobuciko, bayibona uConstantine Huygens, owayeneminyaka unobhala iSikhulu Orange. Isithombe uJuda wabiza omunye wemisebenzi engcono yobuciko endala. Waba nendima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni umdwebi, emsiza ekumiseni oxhumana namaklayenti ocebile.

ukuphila okusha e-Amsterdam

Ngu-1631, Rembrandt Van Reyn uye wathuthela ngokugcwele Amsterdam. Ukuphila umuzi ugcwele oda osindayo amakhasimende owabonayo njengoba umculi omkhulu abasha. Ngaleso sikhathi, umngane wakhe babhukula ukufunda e-England, lapho futhi wazama aphumelele ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi uthisha omusha.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umculi waqala ukuba ahileleke isithombe ngabanye. Unendaba isimo sobuso lomuntu ngamunye, uzama uzizamele amakhanda ngesineke abantu. Rembrandt Van Reyn wakwazi kukudlulisela ngokunembile zonke zinto engiye ngabhala ngazo ukukhuluma esweni womuntu, naye wabhala wobuciko.

Yilokho ekumeni ngesikhathi kulethwa umculi yimpumelelo kwezohwebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayelithanda futhi self-portraits. Ungathola eziningi imisebenzi yakhe, okuyinto echaza yena lapho sebegqoke izingubo engcondvweni bese izembatho, zibhekise ezithakazelisayo.

inkazimulo isikhathi

I zamukelwa yonke indawo Amsterdam, Rembrandt Harmenszoon Van Reyn wathola kuqediwe ukupendwa "Isifundo Anatomy uDkt Nicolaes Tulp" sekuthi ngo-1632, lapho ngesineke udokotela ohlinzayo owafundisa Dr. enqamula isibonelo isidumbu.

Uma ubheka lesi sithombe, singabona ukuthi umugqa omncane, nenkosi yaso ayeveza isisho ngamunye wabo. Akukona ubuso nje abantu, wakwazi ukudlulisela jikelele umuzwa sokuqaphela lonke iqembu labafundi.

Futhi-ke, njengoba zaveza ithunzi esithombeni, ngahlatshwa umxhwele ochwepheshe abaningi ngaleso sikhathi. Baqala ngazwi linye ukuba bathi Rembrantd Harmensz Van Reyn uye wabonisa ukuvuthwa kuso kanye imidwebo yakhe.

Singasho ukuthi manje ubhekwa inani elihle kunawo ukuphila umculi osemusha. Ngemva komshado ukuze Saskia van Uylenburgh e 1634. oda bakhe banyukubala ekhanda ngejubane lapho yena uqobo engazange isikhathi ukupenda.

Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila emzini entsha imidwebo ezingaphezu kuka-50 wakwazi ukubhala abasha Rembrandt Van Reyn. Imidwebo ayebaluleke nobungqabavu, ngendalo yayo akuyona nje ababhali zikhunjulwe. Ngokwesibonelo, Joost van den Vondel, owayeyisiboshwa imbongi edumile wemidlalo, uncome umbhali e izinkondlo zakhe ezabhalwa ngayo isithombe Cornelis Ancelot.

Ngaleso sikhathi, le ndoda kwakudingeka imali eyanele yokuthenga indlu yakhe siqu. Wathumba ubuciko ekutadisheni zabuna nemisebenzi amanye amakhosi, wagcwalisa indlu yakhe eyaziwa ngokuthi imisebenzi ayephila nabo, kanye ukudalwa basendulo.

domesticity

bemisebenzi yobuciko wanamuhla aveze phambili nomsebenzi wenu omuhle sikhathi, wabhala ukuthi Rembrandt Van Reyn. Isithombe ngumkayo Saskia izingubo ezihlukahlukene ezahlukene bathi ikosi wavuthwa ngokugcwele futhi eqala ukudala ubuciko babo emidwebweni.

Kube usizi - izingane ezintathu, novele ke ngesikhathi umshado, wafa eseluphele encane. Kodwa ngo-1641 lo mbhangqwana kwadingeka indodana, noThithu owayenami kwaba kundawo abazali abasha. Okusheshayo isikhathi omkhulu sihleli Umdwebo umdwebi sika "I Esaphazayo ku Tavern."

umcimbi ezingemnandi

Ngaphezu kwalokho Biography of Rembrandt Van Reyna uqala shades ngisho mnyama. Ngonyaka esezele unkosikazi nendodana yakhe befa.

Njengoba eminyakeni engaphambili, umcabango umculi omkhulu seyiphelelwe kwaphoqa njalo kuye ukudala imidwebo ne izigcawu ezithile eBhayibhelini. Lokho kuphela ngokudweba "I Umhlatshelo ka-Abrahama," ayilobayo 1635! dlulisa Ngakho ngokucacile umuzwa kanye nemizwelo, uqala ukukhathazeka ukuthi kufanele blink, njengomuntu bhoboza ummese yaqonda ngqo ngaphakathi inyama.

Ngo yobuciko wesimanje, umuzwa uphatha ukudlulisela izithombe kuphela, ezivuma isithombe esicacile kunyakaza. Ngempela, ithinta ikhono lakhe ukukhombisa isimo izimo iphathwa umcabango master okukhulu.

Qala izinkinga

Ngemva kokufa umkakhe awuphelelanga ukwehluleka umdwebi. Imibono umculi kancane kancane washintsha. Kancane kancane walahlekelwa abasha Rembrandt Van Reyn, umsebenzi wabo bayahlonishwa ababephila ngesikhathi.

Ngo 1642, wathola sipho esikhulu ukuba sidwebe isithombe we Musketeers, owayezoba ufakwe sharpshooters olusha lokwakha. Kwakungesinye imidwebo lobukhulu kunabo bonkhe bekutsi wake wabhala okuyinhloko - sawo sifinyelela amamitha amane.

Ngekusho kwembono amakhasimende 'umdwebi wayengumuntu ukwakha isithombe isosha abavamile sasiyofinyelela amandla nokuzethemba. Ngeshwa, umculi Rembrandt Van Reyn wagcwalisa umsebenzi kwayona.

Njengoba singabona kule mdwebo "The Night Buka", oboniswe ngezansi, umsebenzi waso ungaletha ukwaziswa uyibize ngokuthi isithombe. On the ngendwangu okubonisa ukulungiswa wonke scene in inkampani sokuzingela ukuze ukushaywa okungazelelwe.

Futhi ungakwazi ukubona ukuthi simisiwe ukunyakaza esithombeni. Lena Uhlaka ahlukene emphilweni isosha. Kwakunabantu abaningi yokucasukela evela kumakhasimende kulesi senzakalo. Ezinye Musketeers abangu limane lifakwe ngemuva, futhi othile ncisheka sihleli esimweni esiyinkinga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanya abukhali futhi isithunzi, okuyinto, mhlawumbe, akekho ayikwazanga ngakho ngokucacile futhi ngesibindi ukuyichazela on ngendwangu, futhi ayibangelwa ngokumthanda.

Ngemva kwalokho, Rembrandt Van Reyn, imisebenzi okuyinto izolo kuphela babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu, steel iba yini intshisekelo esiphakeme emphakathini. Futhi kwakusho ngesikhathi, nokuthi oda ezibizayo ukukwenza, kungabikho muntu.

Manje cabanga umuntu owake wahlala impilo yakhe yonke ngezinga elikhulu, bese zenyuka ngokushesha walahlekelwa umthombo wakhe imali. Ingabe uyakwazi ukwenqaba ukuphila evamile?

amaphethini Akhona imininingwane edingekayo

Kusukela abafundi bakhe kancane kancane shiya. Rembrandt umbono liya ayihlangani fashion isikhathi - izitayela ezintsha babe bebheke imininingwane esiphezulu. Okusho ukuthi, uma umculi waqala ukupenda njengoba enza lapho esemusha, wayeyoba funa esiningi ke.

Kodwa ukuphila akuqinisekile, njengawo umuntu wangempela zokudala. Isandla sakhe ukuqina ngasibuyisela, ethanda ukudlala isithunzi, ungabe usaba khona emaphethelweni omnandi lezinto.

Ukungakwazi ukwenza umthelela omuhle ku esimweni sayo sezimali. Njengoba sazi ukuthi umkakhe ngasekupheleni kwaba intokazi evela lomkhaya ocebile, isipho sakhe lidlule ngokuphelele efeni lakhe. Futhi kungekho mali engenayo, wavele wachitha, noma "zishiswe ngokusebenzisa" izidingo zabo.

Ekupheleni kwe-forties kwekhulu le-17, naye ube ngumngani incekukazi yakhe Hendrickje. It kungabonakala kwezinye imidwebo yakhe. Nakuba imithetho babenesandla esiqinile maqondana izibopho zomkhaya, futhi muse wakhe watholwa enecala enkantolo, lapho babe mntwana wazalelwa uKorneliyu.

Kunzima ukuthola imidwebo owaziwa Lesi sikhathi sokuphila umdwebi sika. Kancane kancane lasuka eziningi eziqukethe Motifs izigcawu ayilobayo esikhathini esidlulileko.

Kepha, njengoba umuntu creative, ukuvela kwezinye izindawo. Ngaleso sikhathi base bekhonze a etchings ngobuciko. Kuye kwathatha iminyaka 7 ukuqedela wobuciko ngokuthi "Angamakhulu Guilder Phrinta".

Wakwazi ukuwudayisa isikhathi enkulu ngokwanele guilder 100. Lokhu etching kubhekwa okungcono walabo ezingase ukudala Rembrandt.

kwelanga Rembrandt

Umdwebi abadala ngokuya ibhekene nezinkinga zezimali. Ngo 1656 waba ngokuphelele yimali, adluliselwe zonke ifa lakhe kumelwe nilinike indodana yakhe. Life isibe lutho. Ngemva konyaka, lapho kwadingeka adayise impahla yakhe. Imali wamsiza ukuba athole emaphethelweni kuthule Amsterdam. Wahlala ngekota abangamaJuda.

Umuntu esiseduze kakhulu naye ngesikhathi ekugugeni kwakhe, wazala indodana. Kodwa Rembrandt wayengekho lucky, ngoba ahlala khona waze washona. Zisabhekana amagalelo ukudalelwa, yayingakwazi, futhi ngemva konyaka naye wafa.

namuhla Rembrandt

Art awusoze wafa. Abadali bahlala imisebenzi yabo, ikakhulukazi, abaculi zihlale ingxenye emidwebweni yabo. Ingqikithi indoda idluliselwa ku isitayela sakhe futhi buciko lwemaphethini.

Kuze kube manje, Rembrandt Van Reyn ubhekwa umculi ngohlamvu capital futhi obonwa zonke a baxgeki. Umsebenzi wakhe is zenani ngokwanele kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2009 ngesikhathi endalini ngokudweba "Isigamu sobude isithombe ukuthi umuntu ongaziwa, emi izingalo akimbo," libhalwe 1658, yayibizwa ithengiswe ngentengo irekhodi - 41 million US dollars (iguqulwe ngesilinganiso exchange of isikhathi).

Futhi wayezazisa ngokudweba "Portrait owesifazane osekhulile," okuyinto ngo-2000 wakwazi ukuthengisa abacishe babe yizigidi 32 zamaRandi. Le Umdwebo ulimi alikhulumi nanokukhuluma alinge ukubiza "mdwebo". Kubukeka sengathi nje isithombe esikhulu - imininingwane engaka umuntu ayengakwenza master omkhulu kuphela.

Abantu abafana Rembrandt Harmenszoon Van Reyn, idolo ngempela. Futhi akudingekile ukuba abe umculi, udinga nje ukwenza lokho okuthandayo, futhi okubaluleke - ngokusuka enhliziyweni.