Photo nencazelo "Doriphor" Policlet

Lapho ubuka "Doriphor" Policlet umuntu ophilayo kuleli khulu leminyaka hhayi ababeyizazi izindaba zobuciko, akazange ngokushesha ukuthi kungani lokhu ebaziwe ubhekwa yigugu kangaka. Nokho, abantu ababephila ngesikhathi amakhosi ngesiGreki wasendulo sasibonisa ngokushesha kakhulu ukubona esifanekisweni kuyehluka kuneminye imisebenzi kwesikhathi. Ukuqopha "Doryphoros" Policlet banikezwe zesiteji olukhethekile umzimba, kwaba omunye wemisebenzi yokuqala eGreece yasendulo, ngaphambi uhlamvu okwakubonakala uyaphila, ukulungele ukuthola off umuntu isinyathelo. Emuva ngalezo zinsuku esifanekisweni kubhekwa benchmark yobuciko classical, isibonelo ngezabelo izibalo iqinisekisiwe ukuthi uphefumule ukuphila ku ngethusi.

Polykleitos

I umqophi owadala esifanekisweni, okuzoxoxwa ngawo esihlokweni, wahlala ekupheleni V leminyaka BC (cishe 480-420-s BC). Indawo oluqondile lokuzalwa kuyinto Policlet engaziwa. Ngokusho abalobi lwesiGreki sakuqala, kungase kube Argos noma Sicyon, umuzi isiko kwezobuciko sezikhungo isikhathi. amakhono abo Polycleitus ukuqongelela ngaphansi Agelara umqophi. Kanye naye baya komunye umdwebi ngesiGreki abadumile Myron.

lokusungula Policlet kuyahluka yokusesha ngokungakhathali ngenxa ekahle. Ukudala ukubaza, wayefuna ukuba ophelele ku ukuma adlulisa sobuso. namaqhawe lakhe ikude umsindo befuna, zingabantu ezolile futhi ehlakaniphile. Harmony besihambisana nesiminyaminya hhayi kuphela sibalo, kodwa futhi okuqukethwe kwangaphakathi yesithombe.

izinhlamvu ozithandayo

Ngaphambi nangemva kokudalwa 'Doriphor "Policlet nesithakazelo ngomfanekiso abasubathi. Lokhu akusona isimanga: ubani kodwa abawinile-Olympic esinesithunzi, ungase ubonise bonke ubuhle umzimba besilisa athuthukile. Nokho, ezikhathini eziningi Polycleitus kuvezwa abasubathi ngesikhathi mncintiswano futhi emva kokunqoba. Kuleli qophelo, umzimba wathatha ukungezwani kakhulu, kodwa kwakungekho lutho olukhombisa ukukhathala. Umzimba uba ekhululekile futhi eqoqwe ngesikhathi esifanayo - ukuzizwa ukuthi kuba nobunye esifanayo, eyithandayo futhi wayekwazi ukuba adlulisele umqophi yamaGreki asendulo.

Imifanekiso

I okwangempela we eziqoshiwe umbhali asizange sisinde. Izenzo eziningi yayimane nje ngesimo izincazelo ababephila ngesikhathi, abanye behlele kithi ngokusebenzisa amakhophi wamaRoma. Ngakho, abathanda Okugweda umbuso engcwele ukuphindaphindwa nemisebenzi WaseGrisi wasendulo kuzovumela izazimlando zobuciko besikhathi sethu ukubona omunye wemisebenzi bokuqala Policlet. Master uphawu owawina Imidlalo yama-Olympic ngesikhathi lapho ebekiwe umqhele ekhanda lakhe. Kodwa emifanekisweni Pifokla futhi Ariston, nelithi Hercules noHermesi, siyazi kuphela ngokusebenzisa imithombo ebhalwe phansi.

Ngandlela-thile kamuva, ukudalwa misebenzi Polycleitus - "Doryphoros" futhi ngesikhathi isilungile - wathuthela e-Athens. Lapha kudala "Amazon kwalimala". Lokhu ebaziwe ifinyelele kithi ngesimo amakhophi wamaRoma. Isitayela cishe iyafana "Doriphor" Policlet. Isitatimende umzimba, ukudweba umzimba oqinile kwemisipha, umqondo wamandla wangaphakathi - konke esihlanganisa emifanekisweni emibili.

Ekupheleni ohambweni lokuphila

E-Athene Polycleitus bethathekile futhi portrait ebaziwe. Nakuba lolu hlobo lobuciko kwakungelona evame kakhulu. Polycleitus, ukwahlulelwa Imibiko esekhona nokubuyekeza, wayazi kahle ibhizinisi lakhe. Imithombo walondoloza ukwaziswa owawuthi master wasebenza phezu unjiniyela portrait Artemana ka Pericles.

Eziqoshwe zeminyaka yamuva zibonisa imfuno esisha umbhali. Enye yalezi imisebenzi - "Diadumen" (mayelana 430 BC). Esifanekisweni okubonisa winner-Olympic, isenzo esibonisa nice tie iribhoni ekhanda lakhe. Ngo niwubone umzimba wakhe futhi sobuso kakhulu ukubuyeka ezolile kuka emisebenzini yangaphambili okuyinhloko.

"Doryphoros" Policlet: incazelo

Nokho, umqophi edume kakhulu umsebenzi yiso "Doryphoros". I ebaziwe okubonisa nabemikhonto abangu Usanda kuwina emncintiswaneni. Iskriphthi akusho behlele kithi, sihlehlela iminyaka 460-450 emuva. BC. e. Ukuze wahlulele umsebenzi namuhla, singakwazi sibonga amakhophi ambalwa lokusinda.

ukunyakaza imperceptible nokusetha umzimba - yilokho ivelele esifanekisweni, obadalwa Polycleitus. Doryphoros wezikhali ukuma, ukuncika ngomlenze owodwa, yesibili kuphela isekela sibalo - uma imayelana ukuthatha isinyathelo. Sangakwesokudla lehliselwa intsha, ngakwesokunxele, usinikeza umkhonto. Kulula ukubona ukuthi ingxenye yomzimba uyaphumula, kanye nezinye sishubile. Le nhlanganisela ubukeka zemvelo ukuze Spearman kubonakala uyaphila. Statue kahle nge izithombe ezimile, nobuntu nesikhathi sangaphambilini ubuciko.

uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli

At inhliziyo ukwakhiwa umzimba "Doriphor" Policlet yabeka eqondile ukubala zezibalo kanye isimo Pythagoreanism. Isithombe Iseluleki umzimba owesilisa ngokuphindaphindiwe bekopisha abalandeli bakhe futhi iye yachazwa ngokuthi "Policlet njengeziyingxenye yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli." Futhi-ke ubizwa indatshana kanye umqophi wemifanekiso, okuyinto eyayibekelwe izimfundiso eziyisisekelo Pythagoras futhi ukubala zezibalo enkulu. umsebenzi umqophi kungazange kufinyelele kithi namuhla ukuba yahlulele ke, ososayensi can kuphela ngokusebenzisa amarekhodi ababephila ngesikhathi kombhali.

Kumila Ukwakheka - ukuwela ukunyakaza engalingani emzimbeni. Ngakwesokunene bese ngihlaliswa ukwesekwa umlenze static, kodwa sishubile. Kwesobunxele izingxenye ohambelana yomzimba bekhululekile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ziyahamba. Nge lokhu kuphikiswa Policlet kuhlulekile ukudlulisa kwangaphakathi uhlamvu ezolile futhi ukulungela kanyekanye nganoma yisiphi ukuhlolwa.

Golden Isigaba

Lapho esifanekisweni sidalwe "Doryphoros" Polycleitus isicelo futhi esinye isimiso of Pythagoreanism. Zonke olinganise umzimba zakhiwa ngokuvumelana nomthetho esigabeni segolide. ke kafushane ingakleliswa kanje: ubude lonke into noma umzimba ngakho libhekisela engxenyeni iningi, omncane ukuba wehlise. Ukuphakama esifanekisweni libhekisela ibanga ukusuka isinyathelo kuya spearman inkaba, omncane ukuba ibanga ukusuka inkaba kuya okhakhayini.

Zonke wacondza ebaziwe angaphansi izibalo ezithile. Kuyinto isilinganiso ekahle izingxenye zomzimba, okuvumela ukwakha iqhawe uyathandeka, hhayi sibalo eside noma esiyisigqigqi futhi wazama ukuphinda abafundi eziningi balukhulume ukukopisha "Doriphor". Nazi ezinye zalezi ngezabelo:

• ibanga ukusuka vertex ukuze kwesilevu kuyinto 7 aphansi izikhathi ngaphandle spearman ukuphakama;

• kusukela emehlweni ukuze kwesilevu - 16;

• ubuso ukuphakama - 10.

Ukubusa kwesigaba segolide kanye isilinganiso ezilinganiselwe Polycleitus ebonwe zonke izifundo. Wenqaba kubo balukhulume kuphela lapho beqala ukuba uphikise nemingcele zemvelo zomzimba womuntu ngendlela ebaziwe ethile.

contrapposto

Polycleitus ngomunye wabokuqala ukusebenzisa contrapposto su, kamuva owaba zakudala. Lubonakaliswa njengoba isikhathi ngesiphambano-ukungezwani ezandleni nasezinyaweni. Ukwamukelwa kuholela isikhundla lemvelo, ukudlulisela ngamasimu e ukunyakaza kwakhe. Eziqoshwe, ngokusebenzisa contrapposto, eqhathanisa kahle izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu static endala. Zifanekisela abantu abaphila, kodwa hhayi amakhophi eqandisiwe onkulunkulu.

Ukusebenza kuma ukubaza Polycleitus wabukela abantu. Waqaphela ukuthi kukhona njalo enye ingxenye ukunyakaza komzimba kubangela ushintsho isikhundla kanye nezinye. UJesu wayengeyena owokuqala ubone lesi sici, kodwa kunabanye zingase zidlulisele ke. Njengamanye amandulela, waqonda isidingo aqhubekele phambili emlenzeni kwesokunxele kanye nasengalweni noma umlenze nengalo kwesokunxele for ukudluliselwa ezinyakazayo. Lona isikhundla izingxenye engu- yomzimba, okwaphumela contrapposto isimiso.

Ngeshwa, azifinyelelanga esifanekisweni yokuqala, obadalwa Polycleitus. "Doryphoros" isithombe show muhle, futhi amakhophi lokusinda yesithombe emelela Canon handsome umzimba besilisa. Nokho, kukhona isizathu sokukholwa ukuthi bokuqala balahlekelwa emakhulwini eminyaka, wabheka obunobunye nakakhulu. Noma kunjalo, "Doryphoros" uhlala yisibonelo ubuciko namuhla. umzimba ngezabelo kanye isilinganiso segolide, isetshenziselwe ukudala, futhi kubhekwa enhle namuhla. Namuhla ebaziwe "Doriphor" kungaba kubhekwe uhlobo impahla ezemfundo, hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa Okugweda, kodwa futhi ngoba abaculi kanye amanye amakhosi.