Lamiaceae umndeni: Incazelo

Kulesi sihloko sifuna ukukhuluma ngomndeni Labiatae. Ngokusho idatha yamuva, kukhona kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili imindeni - 3,500 zilwane. Bathola cishe emhlabeni wonke. Musa sikhule kuphela Antarctica Artik. Ezimbalwa zazo ezonini ehlathini, bakhetha ezindaweni zamahlathi emvula e entabeni. Lamiaceae umndeni - a flora eyinqaba kakhulu. Izitshalo ezakhe abanesifiso ngokuyinhloko njengoba abanikezeli izinto zokwelapha eluhlaza odabuka yemvelo.

izitshalo ukubukeka

Izitshalo siwuhlobo Labiatae, ngokusobala akheke isici. Ziyakwazi kulula kakhulu ukuthola imbali, okuyinto kukhona tube eside nemihlathi ezimbili lipped, kepha efaniswe vula umlomo sezidalwa kumnandi. Lesi sici has kuphela umndeni Labiatae. I inflorescence kwalesi silwane cishe ayenzeki kwezinye izitshalo.

Kepha izithelo, nazo ziba i ijamo okungavamile. Isithelo Labiatae umndeni uqukethe izinhlobo ezine eyodwa-seeded, ngesimo nati, clove.

Futhi isici kuyinto indawo amahlamvu lonke kusukela ezinhlangothini ezihlukene. Sifanamsindvo kujwayele ukuthi ifomu tetrahedral. Izici Zabantu Labiatae umndeni kuyohlale kuntula uma ngingenaye kukhulunywa flavour oqinile, okuyinto eziyizici inombolo enkulu izitshalo. ukunambitheka okumangalisayo ngenxa yokubakhona ezingxenyeni ezahlukene nezindlala sithombo esingatshalwanga secrete uwoyela ester. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kwalezi amafutha izitshalo bomkhaya Lamiaceae zibizwa kabanzi njengendlela ukuthaka imithi, enamakha izitshalo ezimbonini. Mayelana ezivamile wabo ukhulume ku.

Umkhaya Labiatae: Abameleli

Abameleli lo mkhaya of ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Iningi lazo - kuyinto nezihlahla kanye namakhambi. Nokho, ezisondelene nazo kanye ezishisayo kuyinto nezihlahla evame kakhulu. omele Bright isakazeke eMedithera rosemary officinalis. Kuyinto shrub siluhlaza namahlamvu komugqa amancane violet izimbali.

Labiatae umndeni (isithombe enikezwa esihlokweni) nalo omelelwa izihlahla, kodwa zitholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ezinye zazo zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha amamitha ayishumi nanhlanu. Kodwa njengoba umthetho, ukhuni Labiatae ayibi amamitha angaphezu kwayisihlanu.

Lamiaceae herbaceous

Utshani umndeni Labiatae - ke yimani niqonde isitshalo, akudingi ukwesekwa. Nokho, kukhona ezinwabuzelayo zilwane (isib, Glechoma hederacea). Futhi ngaleso izitshalo ezifana Ajuga reptans, akugcini nje yimani niqonde amahlumela, kodwa futhi ku axils amaqabunga namanje sikhule ameva arched, kucedvwa kwenkhohlakalo emhlabathini nge izihloko zazo (njenge emilibeni kusukela sitrobheli).

Uhlelo impande

Izitshalo ukugcina impande yabo eyinhloko kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba lapho efa futhi esikhundleni yayo izimpande adventitious ukuthi ukhulise kusukela stem noma amahlumela ezinwabuzelayo. Rhizomes ayisibonelo ngoba inombolo enkulu Labiatae.

Okuningi izitshalo bungavami nge impande amaswidi, efana zhivuchka Geneva. Ngo zinhlobo ugu ezikhulayo nenhlabathi amanzi, izimpande ngezinye izikhathi athathe isimo nezilimo eziyizigaxa, okuyinto abendawo udle.

isakhiwo amahlamvu

Abameleli beNdikimba umkhaya ngokuvamile lonke, amahlamvu ngezinye izikhathi bushelelezi nhlangothi-zombili. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kunezinhlobo nqunu, ezifana esikweyoku zokuhlobisa. Kulokhu lesi sitshalo embozwe ungqimba obukhulu of izinwele (Stachys eKrethe, YaseCrimea Zheleznitsa).

izimbali Labiatae

Njengoba sesibonile ngaphambili, isakhiwo ekhethekile futhi ube izimbali. Lamiaceae umndeni libhekene iqiniso lokuthi yokugcina kufanele, njengoba umthetho, kukhona ngithanda abesilisa nabesifazane. Basuke ise axils ihlamvu. Kuphela izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezitholakala izimbali ngedwa. Ngokuvamile basuke eqoqwe inflorescence ezimbili ukuthi zakha okuthiwa spikes. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo ngisho babe ameva ukuthi zenzelwe ukuvikela isitshalo ekudliweni ngamabhubesi izilwane. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala kwezifunda zezintaba-Asia Ephakathi (bulldog nelulwane).

Njengomthetho, nge isitsha uphehle Labiatae aqukethe amapheshana ezinhlanu, yindikimba ngamapayipi. Ngokuvamile, indebe zifika ziyizinhlobo eziningi: ezimise insimbi, ukuthi ijabulise, voronchatoy, eyindilinga. ukulungiswa kwalo zihlangene umzamo ukuzivumelanisa ukusabalala izithelo. Calyx Ungashintsha umbala, ekubeni elikhanyayo kakhulu, ukuze zidonse ukunaka zezinyoni nezilwane sikhule ungakwazi ngokwandisa windage, ukusakaza imbewu emoyeni.

Lamiaceae umndeni - izitshalo ukuthi ube floret ngamunye stamens ezine exhunywe tube Corolla. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo stamens tropical tho ndawonye. Ngezansi indawo yabo ine iringi fibrous okuhloswe ngalo ukuvikela umpe.

Anthers Labiatae kungaba bobunjwa eziningi ezahlukene. Konke kuncike ngezinga nesimo sengqondo sokuzivumelanisa nezimo izitshalo ukuze athole impova. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona real "izindlela" ayinkimbinkimbi, njenge Zheleznitsa futhi skullcap.

Nakuba ezivamile esengeziwe Labiatae Izimbali ngithanda abesilisa nabesifazane, abameleli abaningi babe stamens nowesifazane nge nabo. Kakhulu kangakanani kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana izimbali besilisa. Isibonelo isitshalo ezinjalo kuba yingxenye imifino umndeni Labiatae amplexicaul efile-sembabazane (ukhula).

isithelo

Lamiaceae umndeni, amalungu awo kubhekwe yithi, kuhlukile ngoba zonke izitshalo babe isakhiwo nobuntu umbungu. Njengomthetho, liphethe iyizingxenye ezine, ngasinye equkethe imbewu eyodwa. kakhulu ukuma umbungu zingase zishintshe kakhulu. Phehla e izithelo ngokuvamile iwe, kodwa indebe ngokuqinisekile uhlala futhi likhula. I ovuthiwe imbewu endosperm lingekho.

Udonga lwangaphandle ukwabelana ngokuvamile kuba ukuma esingemnandi ukuthi kunomthelela ukusabalala imbewu.

indawo ezikhulayo

Abamele lolu hlobo flora, njengoba umndeni Labiatae (Lamiaceae), yasakazwa kulo lonke izwe. Ikakhulukazi eziningi kubo emazweni ye izitshalo Mediterranean (kusukela eCanary Islands futhi Western zaseHimalaya). Kodwa ehlathini izitshalo ezifana cishe lingekho. Pharadisi Labiatae - ezindaweni ezishisayo entabeni. Ikakhulukazi eziningi kubo eNingizimu Melika naseMelika Ephakathi. E-Australia, kukhona sendawo kuphela kuleli zwekazi, kuphela abangaba yikhulu zilwane. Ngisho ampofu kwaba eNew Zealand, lapho kukhona eyodwa kuphela uhlobo Mint omunye zama-skullcap, kanye omunye omele bohlobo lwe-Tetrahondra. Kodwa impela eningi Labiatae eHawaii, basuke emelelwa izizukulwane ezimbili sekuphenduke umkhuba.

Izitshalo omkhaya uncamela ezimila evulekile entabeni noma ezisehlanzeni. Kubo nenhlabathi efanelekayo uya woma. Phakathi kwabo, edlelweni kanye ihlathi nezitshalo ezincane kakhulu. I ezishisayo amahlathi emvula athile ayakwazi ukuqhubeka ephila kuphela abameleli ezimbalwa, njengoba Labiatae akwazi ukubekezelela umswakama ngokweqile. Ngokuphathelene nalezi zilwane zasemanzini, abazi khona emvelweni. Kukhona kuphela izizukulwane ambalwa, ezinye izinhlobo zawo ezimila osebeni emadanyini emaxhaphozini. Isibonelo kuyisimo imbiza zisetshenziswa we Labiatae umndeni - Mint skullcap futhi lycopus.

isitshalo impova by izinambuzane

Ubuhlobo Labiatae isinambuzane impova, ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zibangelwa inqubo eside kwemvelo. Labo izitshalo kulo mndeni, okuyizinto kalula kakhulu izimbali ahlelwe, impova izimpukane Hymenoptera, njengoba umpe kuzo ukuze uthole akunzima.

Ngo Labiatae, nge eziyinkimbinkimbi isakhiwo imbali, umpe akunjalo nje uthole. Itholakala ezansi ngamapayipi eside. Impova yalezi zinhlobo izimvemvane uzihlanganisa futhi Hymenoptera, izimpukane akuvamile omkhulu, hoverflies.

Isikhombi sedivayisi esihlukile ngesimo a isigwedlo, okuvumela ukufinyelela isinambuzane umpe has esikweyoku. Izinambuzane kudingeka ngobuhlakani ukulithola, kungani beza. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu kanye elishisayo Melika izitshalo dusted nge hummingbird kancane. Ngendlela efanayo njengoba Hummingbird, yokusebenza butterfly Brajnikov umndeni. Bona hambisa emhlabeni izimbali futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ncela Uqhwaku umpe, ikhanda ngokuthinta stamens.

Ezinye izitshalo bomkhaya Labiatae ube nesakhiwo imbali, isinambuzane, nohlezi phezu kwalo, impova linamathela isisu saso bese ayihlabe. zinhlobo kakhulu ezingavamile can self ngempova.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Labiatae babe izindlela zabo ukuze zidonse ukunaka izinambuzane, isibonelo, ngesimo izingxenye ngabanye eliqhakazile imbali.

lithathelwe izitshalo ukusakaza

Ngokuphathelene zizalela, iningi isakazwa umoya. Esikhathini kuhilela athela-seeded yabelana, futhi lokho kwenza ngenxa windage izinwele noma amaqhubu iphiko emise. E-Afrika, uhlobo ejwayeleke kakhulu Tinneh. Ngakho, ayehlome izihlangu izithelo hoholkoobraznymi ukuthi sisiza ekusakazeni imbewu.

Ezinye izinhlobo zawo isikhathi eside kubuyise neziqu ezomile, imbewu ngokwabo banikezwa kancane kancane uyahlakaza kulowo moya. Ngakolunye, kunalokho, basheshe ngiwunqamule eduze phansi, futhi imimoya athwale emaqeleni, le sieving ngesithelo. Lo mphumela roll-field sici for izinhlobo ezithile sage, catnip, zopnika. Ukuqhubeka izithelo kuyoba endebeni, ikakhulukazi phezu amabanga amade bona outsource. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi abaningi Labiatae babe namathuluzi okunokwethenjelwa ukugcina imbewu.

Ezinye izinhlobo, kunalokho, ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi isithelo uwela kanye inkomishi futhi ngenxa it has useyili omkhulu, evumela ukuthi ukusakaza olude.

Phakathi Labiatae kukhona izitshalo eziningi ukusakaza esebenzisa eziphilayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bengeyona ezincwadini kancane ezithakazelisayo ezibasiza kule. Abanye babo sidliwe izinyoni nezilwane, kuyilapho abanye ninamathele nezinqubo izinwele zabo futhi izingubo zabantu. Ngalinye lalezi zinyoni liye sebusakazekele wokusabalalisa.

Ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, ezinye izithelo embozwe igobolondo esinamanzi (ngesimo amajikijolo) esizoheha izinyoni nezilwane, kuyilapho ezinye ziba nivame nge nemiyo ingcina, ebavumela ukuba babambelele noboya noma izimpaphe.

Kodwa lithathelwe ukusabalala ezinye izinhlobo iziteleka jikelele. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobo ezithile sembabazane kanye zhivuchka kukhona izinto ngukudla izintuthwane, kuba ngosizo lwabo futhi izithelo ukusabalala. Lesi sitshalo Brazilian hyptis ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi jikelele njalo kuhlale ikoloni izintuthwane e interstices yayo.

Labiatae Ukhetha endaweni yawo Coast emifuleni kanye emaxhaphozini, baye elintantayo ingxenye izithelo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuncike amanzi ngendlela, ngezinye izikhathi ngosizo izilwane.

isicelo

Utshani, izihlahlana umvini, izihlahlana we Labiatae umndeni - zonke lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezenzo ezingafanele omkhaya owodwa. Abaningi babo amasiko ether-uwoyela, futhi ngenxa yalokho okunabileko umuntu. izitshalo ezinjalo zihlanganisa: basil, sage, Shandra, Dubrovnik, rosemary futhi e-lavender.

Lavender - esiyize omkhaya Labiatae. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-amabili nanhlanu zezinto eziphilayo yayo. Emazweni amaningi ke kutshalwa kuphela amafutha abalulekile esiyingqayizivele. Futhi ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezithakazelisayo Sinesithakazelo njengendlela yokwelapha uju isitshalo zokuhlobisa.

Basil libhekisela izihlahlana futhi subshrub izitshalo. Ngo ezisondelene nazo kanye nabantu ezindaweni ezishisayo, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-150 zinhlobo zayo, ezinye zazo ukunikeza amafutha aphambili ebalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Basil kabanzi njengoba spice e okuhlukahlukene eziningi zomhlaba.

Nomfundisi abadumile Ubuye izinhlobonhlobo eziningi, ezinye zazo ziyizilimi uju isitshalo futhi umthombo kuphuma amafutha anephunga elimnandi. ERussia, kuvamile ezonini asemaqeleni.

Perilla - a Labiatae omele yonyaka. Lena kakhulu oilseeds. Simila Asia naseJapane, China ne-North Korea, ngisho eMpumalanga Ekude. Imbewu amafutha ezidliwayo kanye yezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zawo zisebenza Ornamental, futhi zinhle kakhulu uju isitshalo.

Izitshalo Imithi omkhaya Labiatae

Lamiaceae eside edume zenani ngezici zawo zokwelapha. Futhi manje isiphethwe usebenzisa izinto zabo ephulukisa. Esigodini sakithi izinhlobonhlobo eyaziwa kakhulu yilezi: Mint, motherwort, sage, lycopus, betony , njll ...

Sage - akuyona kuphela uwoyela izitshalo, kodwa futhi isitshalo okwelapha umndeni Labiatae. ngenkuthalo wayo esetshenziswa ukunisela kanye rinses ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo nomphimbo.

Basil muhle nge ukungakuthandi ukudla, ukuqunjelwa kanye ukubuyisa. Ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa njengophawu ukuhahaza ngoba umphimbo obuhlungu, ngoba wokuthoba amanxeba ibe yimbi nakakhulu.

Oregano - futhi imbiza umndeni Labiatae, isetshenziselwa ukwelapha esiswini kanye izifo emathunjini bese ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amafutha oregano siyingxenye ye yokugcoba abaningi ngoba ukuzihlikihla ezinhle rheumatism. Futhi isitshalo ukusebenzisa njengoba spice, isibonelo, Cuisine Italian idume ukulungiselela pizza. Amafutha ebalulekile lesi sitshalo esimangalisayo. Ngo-Indian imithi oregano isetshenziswa hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa ekwelapheni izifo esiswini, kodwa futhi iziyaluyalu uvalo.

Ajwayelekile kithi kusuka itiye ebuntwaneni peppermint kuyingxenye amaqoqo amaningi ezisiza ekwelapheni kwesibindi, nenyongo sesinye, amathumbu esiswini. Ngokuvamile-ke ingatholakala amaqoqo amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekhaya itiye yakhe ukwenziwa lula njengoba wazophuza elimnandi kakhulu, emnandi futhi kunomphumela sine.

Dubrovnik abavamile esetshenziswa njengoba ikhambi for izifo esiswini we gallbladder namathumbu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyakwazi ukuze ajabulise esesuthi futhi kusiza ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula.

Marjoram kuyinto ajwayelekile kithi njengoba condiment. Ithuthukisa esesuthi, inkanuko kumiswa Bile futhi juice esiswini. tincture yayo has isinqandakuvunda, antispasmodic, isisu kanye nomphumela tonic. Marjoram esetshenziselwa kolwelwesi kanye cholecystitis okungamahlalakhona, ukubuyisa nekhanda umjikelezo iziyaluyalu, ukuqwasha, ebuhlanzweni.

Galeopsis kuhle ekhwehlela nezifo ezihlukahlukene yamaphaphu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sekuyisikhathi krovoochistitelnoe izakhiwo elisetshenziswa izifo kwesinye nenyongo futhi isibindi.

itiye sezinso - isisu emangalisayo, okuyinto kabanzi esetshenziselwa yezifo ngomgudu womchamo.

Elungisiwe has imiphumela ezuzisayo on esiswini, ekusizeni ukukhulula ijusi, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa ukuze ajabulise esesuthi. Ukwenziwa njengoba itiye, isetshenziswa ne amakhala yisisu nokukhwehlela.

Thyme isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha njengenhlangano expectorant.

Ngaphakathi sihloko, sakhuluma kuphela mayelana neminye imithi omkhaya Lamiaceae. Eqinisweni, eziningi zazo, akunakwenzeka ukutshela mayelana zonke. Kodwa lokho empeleni ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo, kusikisela osekukade umkhuba kwesicelo sabo emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni.

Labiatae abasizungezile

Ngifuna wazi ukuthi izitshalo we Lamiaceae umndeni sikhule hhayi kuphela endle. Uzowathola umangale, kodwa phakathi izitshalo emibhedeni yethu sekwanele manje iqembu, ezifana Salvia esifanayo, sifuna ukujabulisa nathi izimbali zabo elikhanyayo ngaphambi kokufika kubanda.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izimbali ezikhula efasiteleni ezindlini zethu, futhi basonta Labiatae: coleus, ivy Swedish, isihlahla izinyo lomhlathi. baye eside abathandwa besifazane ngoba bemsulwa nombala iphile. Abanaso badinge ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi olumnandi ubuhle bayo. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, izitshalo zikhule kahle on emphemeni, kodwa ebusika efulethini. Bakhetha ukuthumelelana ukukhanya okukhulu, ngakho kudingeka uqaphe lapho agqoke Sesithombe eningizimu.

Kepha ukuthambisa, akufanele kube njalo kakhulu. Futhi ebusika, kunalokho ezingavamile. Njengoba sishilo phambilini, Labiatae akwazi ukubekezelela umswakama okweqile, lokhu kusebenza futhi abameleli yasendlini.

Muva nje, kucelwe imfashini kakhulu ukuthi ube isitshalo efana e-rosemary. It is hhayi kuphela esetshenziswa njengendlela condiment, kodwa futhi ukuze ikhule ekhaya. Nokho, lesi sitshalo ayithandi amazinga aphakeme okushisa emoyeni elomile zokufudumeza (ungalahlekelwa ngisho amahlamvu futhi baqala zome). It has a ukubukeka ezinhle zokuhlobisa, iba ethile ethakazelisa ngokukhethekile phakathi izimbali, lapho wonke embozwe izimbali ezincane okwesibhakabhaka noma okwesibhakabhaka. Ehlobo, abanye besifazane abatshalwé ngisho izitshalo endlini emhlabathini evulekile, lapho benomuzwa wokuthi kuhle. Kodwa ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe abandayo sezulu rosemary Kudingeka sibuyele ekhaya futhi, ngoba ngeke usinde frost. Lokhu isiko muhle ukusetshenziswa ekhaya, hhayi kuphela ngenxa zinhlobo Ornamental. Lesi sitshalo Likhipha Iphunga emnandi, emoyeni elihlanza, ngoba izindawo amagciwane.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Phakathi izitshalo kangaka ezisizungezile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, iningi labo siwuhlobo Labiatae. Njengoba sesibonile, kungukuthi nje ukuhlobisa imibhede ekhaya futhi imbali yethu, kodwa futhi kusetshenziswa kakhulu e-imithi futhi kwamakha. Kodwa ukuba khona eziningi kubo singazi ngisho bacabange, ingasaphathwa ukwazi ukuthi basonta umndeni elikhulu kangaka.