Kuyini kwezikhathi: yencazelo. Lokho study kwezikhathi?

Umuntu ngamunye ubona kwesikhathi. Izinkanyezi namaplanethi ukuhambisa endaweni yonke, i-ngephimbo elifanayo iwashi beat off isigqi sakhe, yilowo nalowo kithina uhamba kancane phansi ephasishi isikhathi. Ukuqonda ukuthi sinciké ke, abantu yasungulwa zinengi izindlela, kanye nenombolo izinhlelo, ezisiza ukuba ahlele futhi uthole. wesayensi abahlukahlukene, njengoZeyusi izibalo, i-physics, i-chemistry nomlando babengeke neze kwenziwe ngaphandle koxhumano ezifana isayensi ngqo, njengoba ukuhlelwa kwezenzakalo. Mhlawumbe ngingase ngithi ngakho, futhi inqwaba yamanye mikhakha lapho ososayensi kahle ethuthukile. Ngakho, yini kwezikhathi futhi kungani beza? Incazelo leligama ingatholakala ngezansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokufunda kulesi sihloko, uzothola ukwazi ukuthi ufunda sengithi ukuqonda, ukuthi isikhathi esingcono ukubala ithemba, banikezwe zakamuva zatholakala ngokwesayensi.

Kuyini kwezikhathi? definition

Uma kubalwa izikhathi kusuke (ngokwezwi nezwi okusho "isayensi isikhathi") - lo mugqa ucwaningo, okuyinto ichazwa kulandzelana kahle kwetigameko emlandweni. Lokho study kwezikhathi eminyaka isayensi? Uyachaza ukuthi isikhathi kukalwa. Kukhona nombono wokuthi "zezibalo (yezinkanyezi) Ukuhlelwa kwezenzakalo." Lokhu Ukuhlelwa kwezenzakalo ngokuyinhloko sigxila izikhundla ekushintsheni izindikimba zasezulwini. Ukulandelana kwezenzakalo ngokohlelo lwezikhathi Astronomical zomhlaba ukutadisha njalo, izenzakalo eziphawulekayo zasezulwini, ahlele futhi uzihlele. Nokho, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwezikhathi isho ukulandelana kwezenzakalo zomlando. Into eyinhloko okuyinto ukutadisha kwezikhathi - ngalesi sikhathi. Nokho, kuyini na?

Kuyini isikhathi?

Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, isikhathi nakanjani sithinta bonke abantu, kodwa noma ubani ngokugcwele ukuthi kuyini lokho? Kubonakala kungenjalo. Njengoba isikhala esingapheliyo yonke, kunzima ukuqonda umqondo. Uma isikhathi ukuqhathanisa emfuleni, bese ubizwa yena uqale kuphi? Kuphi lokhu ivame ukugeleza? Siyazi ngokuqinisekile: ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi silwele phambili. Kunzima ukuqonda, kodwa kungenzeka ukukala futhi bahlele imicimbi lwesikhathi. Kubalwa izikhathi kusuke kuvezwa Ekuhloleni lezi izakhiwo. Ukugeleza isikhathi ongaqhathaniswa imoto traffic kwelinye ngendlela ukugeleza. amabhasi namaloli usheshise zingase zehluke, kodwa kukhona into ezingeke ukuthonywa, - a kokuqondisa yezokuvakasha. Esedlule nesizayo njalo bethatheka izingqondo zabantu, kodwa into kuphela lokho okusemandleni ethu - ke manje. Nokho, uma alisetshenziswa ke simile esikhathini esidlule, futhi asikwazi ukwenza lutho ...

Kuyini esidlule futhi esikhathini esizayo?

Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi yini kwezikhathi (yencazelo esiye letinikwe lapha ngenhla), kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini esikhathini esidlule futhi esikhathini esizayo. Okwenzeka esikhathini esidlule - lokho kuyinto angeke ukuthonywa, kuba umlando. Njengoba amanzi likhanyelwe phansi amatshe acijile ngobugebengu phansi, akunakwenzeka ukuba babuye, isikhathi asikwazi ukuguqulwa futhi ukuze flow e isiqondiso eyodwa kuphela. Odlule - isihloko, okuyinto ihlola ngesayense yethu. Ubeka ngendlela ethile izenzakalo ukuthi, uma uphawu, akasoze ukushintsha ukwakheka kwalo. Isikhathi esizayo sihlukile kakhulu esikhathini esidlule. Akukona ukufuna kithi, futhi izimpukane maqondana nathi, futhi isikhathi kulungiselelwa akutholakali ngokuba kwezikhathi kuze kuze kuba nesimo esikuso njengamanje.

Njengoba kulinganiswa kanye nesikhathi

kwezikhathi akunakwenzeka engabhekiseli amaphuzu ezisiza ukukala isikhathi. Namuhla, iyunithi ezivame kakhulu sesikhathi ngezikhawu kukhona iwashi. Kodwa kumelwe ngivume ukuthi izimpawu omkhulu kwesikhathi eside yasungulwa labo ababeka ekuqaleni konke. Iplanethi yethu njalo ngezikhathi ezithile lumayelana axis awo kanye emhlabeni nkanyezi yesimiso sethu - ilanga. Duzane ngamunye amaplanethi, iziphuphutheki zabo ezigxile yethu - the Moon. Zonke lezi izinto ezingcwele lihamba ngokunemba okukhulu. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana athomu ezakhi ezithile. It kuvela ukuthi yonke - it is a iwashi elikhulu, lapho zezigidi zemithala nge izigidi zezigidi zezinkanyezi, efana amagiya omkhulu, ulinganise ukudlula kwesikhathi. Ngaphambi abantu owasungula le isayensi ngaleso sikhathi, isibalo esikhulu izinkanyezi namaplanethi ongabonakali elinganisiwe out indawo yawo.

Kuyini kwezikhathi lesifanele?

Beshaya isikhathi systematizing izenzakalo ezidlule, abantu ukwenza okuningi amaphutha. Asikwazi ukubuyela emuva futhi batibute ngalokujulile labo abaphila izinkulungwane noma emakhulwini eminyakeni edlule, ngakho ukwenza kufinyelelwe iziphetho ezinembile, kubalulekile ukuqhuba bacwaninga futhi abavubukuli. Ngenxa izindlela ezintsha zesayensi zokufunda, ungafunda okuningi, kodwa kukhona ngokuvamile izingxabano phakathi mlando nabavubukuli mayelana indlela ezilandelana ngayo kwakukhona izenzakalo ezithile futhi lapho ngokuvamile kufanele uqale ukubala. Cabangela amaphuzu amabili asemqoka umbono ukuthi zigcwele ucwaningo lwezesayensi kulesi sici.

Isikhathi esibekelwe: abakholelwa ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo

Ososayensi abahlole i abanamathela kuyinkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kusikisela ukuthi ukuphila emhlabeni sekuneminyaka iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane zezigidi 4.5, futhi umuntu emhlabeni, amakhulu ezinkulungwane noma ngisho ezigidi zeminyaka. Ngezansi wuhlu, okubonisa ukuhanjiswa ososayensi ukuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo - it is a isayensi, nje inkolelo.

• Prokaryotes (iminyaka emi-4 billion edlule).
• Eziphilayo ongaveza photosynthesis (iminyaka engu-3 billion edlule).
• Eukaryotes (iminyaka engu-2 billion edlule).
• amafomu eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi (iminyaka 1 billion edlule).
• Eyisinambuzane (eminyakeni million 570 edlule).
• Inhlanzi yokuqala (abangu. Eminyakeni million 490 edlule).
• Izitshalo zokuqala (iminyaka engaphezu kuka-470 kwezigidi ezingu edlule).
• Lezi zinambuzane lokuqala (iminyaka engaphezu kuka-400 million edlule).
• Amphibians (iminyaka engaphezu kuka-350 kwezigidi ezingu edlule).
• Awezinyoka (iminyaka engaphezu kuka-300 million edlule).
• Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle (iminyaka kwezigidi ezingu-200 edlule).
• Ezidalweni ezindizayo (iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-150 edlule).
• Ukuqothulwa izibankwakazi eliwumhlaba (eminyakeni million 65 edlule).
• Qedela Human Evolution (ezingaphezu kuka-200 eziyinkulungwane. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule).
• Kokufa Neanderthal zokugcina (ngaphezu kuka-25 eziyinkulungwane. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule). Kwafika igama kusukela esigodini, elise eJalimane, lapho bathola izinsalela kwenkawu kusolwa. Konke lokhu theory kuyaqabukela obonwa ososayensi ngenxa yokuntuleka eziphathekayo imivubukulo, futhi isazi sezinkanyezi Fred Hoyle ukuthi abukho ubufakazi ukuthi izinga ukuthuthukiswa Neanderthal laliphansi kithi.

Ukuzimisela ubudala daba Assay enemisebe

Nokho, kwezikhathi ukuphila ayibonwa ososayensi abaningi ngenxa yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamazinyo enemisebe iphutha elikhulu. Inkinga wukuthi ijubane ngawo esikhathini esidlule kwakheka carbon enemisebe wayehlukile. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, ukucacisa kahle ukuthi inkathi yesikhathi siphathelene nobe esifundvweni lesitsite eziye zatholwa abavubukuli, kuphela kuze kube eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili noma ezintathu BC. e. Iziphetho eziwumphumela nophenyo izingqimba engezansi zenhlabathi, akufanele ulethembe.

New Kwezikhathi (Ukuhlelwa kwezenzakalo waseBhayibhelini)

Muva nje, eziningi ososayensi abavumelana nombono wokuthi isintu minyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela. Encwadini yakhe ethi The Ukudalelwa Zomhlaba ukuthi iminyaka eyisithupha noma eyisikhombisa ayizinkulungwane kuphela edlule, kube nephutha impucuko lutfutfukiswa ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi esintwini. Umcwaningi British Malkom Maggeridzh wathi eqhathaniswa ukubukwa kwemvelo nalokho okulotshwe kuGenesise (incwadi yokuqala yeBhayibheli), kuzwakala ngempela kunengqondo. Wabe esenezela ukuthi incwadi yasendulo ilandisa indaba yangempela emlandweni futhi zezenzakalo ezenzeka ngempela endaweni. Ngokusho kwakhe, ukuphishekela umbono onjalo, hhayi ngokusekelwe emaqinisweni, ngenxa nandaba evamile zabantu futhi ngokungangabazeki kuyokushiya umangele isizukulwane esilandelayo. Umlando wezinsalela ubonisa ukuthi zonke izinhlobo awavelanga isikhathi eside, futhi kungazelelwe, esikhathini esifushane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke umlando, eyenziwe abantu, bahlehlela emuva kule minyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa edlule. Ngamanye amazwi, akukho umculu lobhaliwe watholakala, ngendlela yokuqoshwa idwala, noma sanoma yini enye kwakuzobonisa ukuthi abantu baphila isikhathi eside Umhlaba izigidi zeminyaka. Ngokuthakazelisayo, Imivubukulo engokweBhayibheli iqinisekisa amaqiniso ngokugcwele okushiwo yisayensi.

Izizathu kokuqhuba njengesisekelo esinembile sokubalwa kwezikhathi

Kuyini kwezikhathi ngesisekelo isikhathi, ebalwa ngokuhambisana okutholakele ngenhla? Esivuna yokuthi emlandweni wesintu iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela, nokuthi izenzakalo waseBhayibhelini ingabe zenzeka, kungabangela eziningi ubufakazi. Ngokwesibonelo, ungakwazi ukuqhathanisa kwezikhathi nezinye isayensi, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kugxilile esikhathini esidlule - ne yezilimi. Yososayensi abenza aphenya umlando izilimi, bathi yonke izilimi zasendulo babe isakhiwo enkulu kunokuletha wamanje, hhayi okuphambene nalokho. Lokhu refutes Umbono wokuthi kwenkawu, okuyinto okuthiwa akakwazanga ukubeka amagama amabili ndawonye, futhi kancane kancane bafunda ukukhuluma. Ingenzeka kanjani omkhulu kangaka eqa bokusungula?

usuku eliyisisekelo

Kwezikhathi izenzakalo kusekelwe nezinsuku oyinhloko ayisisekelo. Yiziphi izinsuku ezingokomlando ezibalulekile? Lona yekucala, imicimbi yekhalenda, ukunemba kwawo nokuthi unezinto esingazethemba akuyona ungaqiniseki. Uma sinakho ulwazi olunje, bese kalula usethe isikhathi sezinye izenzakalo ukuthi sifunda ezibhebheni zobumba, Isibhebhe setshe esibhalwe noma imiqulu waseBhayibhelini. Cabanga ngesibonelo sika-date enjalo. Thatha ukubhujiswa iBhabhiloni, amaMede namaPheresiya, eholwa uKoresi. Ukusebenzisa indaba uNabonidasi, izazi-mlando baye bathola ukuthi lo mcimbi kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 11 539 BC. e. Noma, uma ubale ikhalenda likaGregory, October 5 kwalowo nyaka. Ukusebenzisa izinkomba emiBhalweni ukuthi lo mcimbi, ungakwazi kalula uqhathanise amaqiniso omlando wokuziphilisa futhi ukukhomba lapho iye yaba khona eminye imicimbi ebalulekile okukhulunywa eTestamenteni Elidala. Ngakho kungenzeka ukunquma kosuku lokuqala kokusebenza KuZamcolo Omkhulu, noma ukubukeka abantu bokuqala. Ngezansi kwezikhathi abantu ngokweBhayibheli.

Kwezikhathi imiBhalo kanye umbono

• 4026 BC. e. - ukudalwa abantu bokuqala.
• 3096 BC. e. - ukufa kuka-Adamu.
• 2970 BC. e. - ekuzalweni kukaNowa.
• 2370 BC. e. - kukaZamcolo.
• 2269 BC. e. - ukwakhiwa ukwakha uMbhoshongo WaseBhabhele.
• 2018 BC. e. - ukuzalwa Abrahama.
• 1600 BC. e. - Egypt buthola umfutho futhi abe namandla emhlabeni jikelele.
• 1513 BC. e. - ekhishwa ama-Israyeli eGibhithe.
• 1107 BC. e. - ukuzalwa uDavide.
• 1037 BC. e. - ekuqaleni kokubusa kukaSolomoni.
• 632 BC. e. - ekuthatheni dolobha yase-Asiriya iNineve.
• 607 BC. e. - Umkhankaso onqobayo inkosi yaseBabiloni uNebukadinesari ngokumelene no-Israyeli ngokubhujiswa kweJerusalema.
• 539 BC. e. - bamba kweBhabhiloni amaMede namaPheresiya.
• 2 BC. e. - ukuzalwa kukaJesu Kristu.
• '29 BC. e. - ekuqaleni nenkonzo kaJesu Kristu (eyathatha iminyaka 3.5).
• '33 BC. e. - ukufa kukaKristu.
• '41 BC. e. - waloba iVangeli lokuqala Mathewu.
• '98 BC. e. - uqedele ekulotshweni kweBhayibheli.
• 1914 n. e. - ukuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ushintsho ohlelweni ikhalenda.

Eziningi zalezi zenzakalo zomlando zisekelwa emlandweni wanamuhla. abavubukuli abaningi basebenzisa iBhayibheli njengehawu lokukhankasela inkomba kuhle kumbiwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ukuqhathanisa kanye nezinsuku eliyisisekelo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukunemba ngamunye wabo. Ucwaningo mayelana nodaba likwenza kucace ukuthi njengesisekelo esinembile sokubalwa kwezikhathi ezinjalo. Icacisa ukuthi ngabe sengithi lesifanele elala umcwaningi - umuntu study umlando.

Ukusebenzisa ukusikeka - BC noma BC. e.

Kususelwa ohlwini, eye eboniswe ngenhla, singayazi kwesinye isiphetho ukwazi. Uma iisus hristos wazalwa ngonyaka 2 BC. e., ukusetshenziswa izifinyezo, okuvame kangaka yasetshenziswa ngaphambili, njengokuthi "AD" futhi "BC" okungalungile. Futhi, Kristu ayikwazanga ozalwa ngonyaka 0, ngoba enjalo wayengekho. Uma iphelile 1 BC. e., ngokushesha waqala ngonyaka 1, n. e. Iqiniso lokuthi segama "phambi kwesihlalo sokwahlulela sikaKristu" ayihambisani usuku samanje kokuzalwa kukaJesu, kwaba esinye sezizathu kungani ayisasetshenziswa. Kungenzeka futhi, ukunciphisa imishwana ukuba "BC" no- "AD" kwabonakala lulandela kakhulu imithetho futhi zezemfundo.

Indima Julian futhi amakhalenda Gregorian emlandweni

Abantu baze ikhalenda ye-lula ekubaleni isikhathi. Ngesisekelo ukuthi abantu beveza lezi netinkhomba? At inhliziyo amakhalenda ngokuvamile walala zemvelo ezifana ukunyakaza amaplanethi nezinkathi. It kuvela ukuthi siye eyabekwa kwesikhathi, eye abalwa eside ubunjalo kuphela. Ukuze uqhathanise amakhalenda ezimbili kusungulwe abantu - lokhu ikhalenda likaJulius esungulwe Yuliem Tsezarem, kanye Gregorian. Eyokuqala yethulwa ngo-46 BC. e. Wayelethwa igxile Sun futhi salandelwa ikhalenda kwenyanga. Ngokusho kwakhe, eminyakeni emithathu kwadingeka izinsuku ezingu-365, futhi wonke lesine - 366. Ikhalenda baba impumelelo futhi iye yasetshenziswa amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. New Kwezikhathi Russia, e-Europe ne-Melika, Luhle. Kungani-ke kwadingeka ayeke? Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwaba sobala ukuthi lesi simiso izinombolo wayengaphelele. Ngokusho likaJulius, ngonyaka ka ubude bayo ngemizuzu engaba 11 kwaba welanga angaphezu. Ikhalenda likaJulius ayisaxhunyanisiwe waqonda njengoba "Ukulandelana kwezenzakalo ngokohlelo lwezikhathi entsha": Russia awunankinga, kodwa ngekhulu XVI ababekuqongelele amaningi njengoba izinsuku eziyishumi owengeziwe, lapho kwadingeka ukuba ngenze okuthile. In ukubuya, ikhalenda likaJulius uPapa Gregory XIII wenza ikhalenda likaGregory. Ngokusho lokhu notation entsha, i-akhawunti washukumiseleka izinsuku eziyishumi kusengaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, pundits wanquma ukuthi eminyakeni eqa ezibhekwa leyo minyaka lasendulo, inombolo zamakhulu ukuthi akuyona sihlukaniswe ngenani ezine.

Kwezikhathi isayensi: kusithinta kanjani?

Ngakho, kulesi sihloko singabona ukuthi lokhu izikhathi zezenzakalo. Incazelo kanye into ukutadisha isayensi okuxoxwe ngazo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko. Sithemba ukuthi abafundi bethu kuzokwenza uqonde ukubaluleka ukugeleza isikhathi nezindlela lapho kukalwa. Ngesisekelo ubufakazi singenele, sakwazi ukubona ukuthi ukulandelana kwezikhathi zezenzakalo ezihlinzekwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, alihlangani okutholwe yisayensi yanamuhla. Kuzindla izitatimende lososayensi, abaningi Manje sengiyazi ukuthi ukuphila kwethu kule planethi ngeke isikhathi eside kakhulu, njengoba kwakucatshangwa phambilini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphepha zethu kusisiza ukuba sithungathe umlando waleli ukuthuthukiswa umlando njengoba isayensi, ikakhulukazi ukwakheka kanye ukuguqulwa isikhathi ukubala, isifiso zabantu ngoba intuthuko eqhubekayo, "ukugeleza isikhathi." Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto maqiniso anikeza kithi ukuthi incwadi efana iBhayibheli isikhathi sithembekile futhi zemvelo zokubala - amaplanethi nezinkanyezi - esinembile kunanoma iyiphi kusungulwe abantu. Ingabe Ukuhlelwa kwezenzakalo njengoba isayensi akufakazeli ukuthi kukhona umuntu kusukela ekuqaleni uye wahlela yonke into ukuze sakwazi uzinike isikhathi? Futhi thina Awazisi kudivayisi uqobo kanye incomprehensibility isikhathi? Ngempela, kwezikhathi - isayensi ezithakazelisayo, ukutadisha okuyinto hhayi kuphela yandisa khathizwe yethu, kodwa futhi ikuvumela ukuba ukubheka ngemva kwesihenqo yomlando.