Kungani abalobi bezincwadi zokupheka bakhohlwa ukuphepha komkhiqizo?

Kuvela ukuthi izincwadi zokupheka azizinaki iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu: ukuphepha kokudla.

Njengoba kutholakala ocwaningweni lwakamuva, eziningi zokupheka ezingatholakala ezincwadini zokupheka ezithandwayo azihlinzeki ngolwazi oluwusizo lokuthi ungatholi kanjani ukudla kokudla. Ngokuphambene nalokho, badukisa abafundi futhi batusa ukwenza izinto ezingabangela ekusakazeni amabhaktheriya.

Imiphumela ebuhlungu yocwaningo

Phakathi nesifundo, ukupheka okungaphezu kuka-1 500 okuvela ezincwadini zokupheka ezithandwayo kwahlolwa, futhi kuphela ezingu-123 zazo, okungukuthi, cishe amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye amacala, kubonisa ukuthi inyama kufanele iphekwe ekushiseni okuthile. I-Cookbooks ifundisa abantu ukuthi bangapheka kanjani, kodwa ososayensi baye bazibuza ukuthi bafundisa abantu ukupheka ukuze bangatholi yini ukugula kokudla kule nqubo?

Ucwaningo olwedlule luye lwabonisa ukuthi e-United States of America, amacala angaba yizigidi ezingu-3.5 zezifo zokudla okubangelwa ukupheka okungalungile kwenyama noma noma yimiphi imikhiqizo yamaprotheni yemvelaphi yezilwane.

Ucwaningo luya kanjani?

Esikhathini sokutadisha kokugcina, ososayensi bahlaziya izindlela zokupheka ezivela ezitolo zokupheka ezazisendleleni engcono kakhulu yokuthenga okungenani izinyanga ezinhlanu. Bafunda izindlela zokupheka inyama, inkukhu, izilwane zasolwandle namaqanda, beqaphela izici ezikhethekile ezithinta ukuphepha kokudla, kuhlanganise nokushisa kokupheka inyama.

Babuye banakekele izinkolelo eziyaziwa ngokuphepha kokudla, njengokuthi, iseluleko okudingayo ukugeza inkukhu eluhlaza ebhodini (akufanele wenze lokhu).

Ukushisa okungalungile okupheka

Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ukushisa kokupheka inyama ekuphekeni okuningi kwakungalungile. Kulezi zokupheka ezingu-123 ezisho ukushisa okupheka ngokuvamile, 43 (noma cishe amaphesenti angu-28) anconywa ukupheka inyama ekushiseni okuphansi kakhulu, okungenakwanela ukubulala amabhaktheriya nama-parasites. Futhi ama-27 (noma amaphesenti angu-22) awazange asho isidingo sokusebenzisa i-thermometer yenyama.

Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye zokupheka zokupheka inkukhu kunconywa ukupheka inyama ekushiseni kwama-degrees Celsius angu-71, hhayi ku-degrees Celsius engama-74, futhi lokhu kungukushisa okuphakanyiswa ochwepheshe emkhakheni wokudla. Kwezinye izimo, i-cookbook ibonise ukuthi ukushisa kwenkukhu kuzovuka isikhashana ngemuva kokuyeka ukukulungisa, kodwa azikho izifundo eziqinisekisa lesi sitatimende.

Ngingayitholaphi imiyalo yokushisa lokupheka?

Ngemiyalo enhle kunazo zonke mayelana nokushisa okupheka kungatholakala ekuphekeni kwezitsha zengulube. Ngokuqondene nokungenani okungenani, cishe akukho iresiphi yokupheka yenkomo yokupheka okukhulunywe ngayo noma yikuphi ukushisa okupheka. Ezimweni eziningi, kulezi zindlela zokupheka, abalobi batusa ukucacisa ukulungiswa kwesitsha ngokuya kombala wenyama nombala wamajusi ayo. Ngokuqondene nezindlela zokupheka kwamaqanda, zihlanganisa izinga lokushisa elifanele, kodwa cishe azizange ziphakamise ukuthi abafundi basebenzisa ama-thermometer ukuze badle.

Ezinye izinkomba

Nakuba cishe zonke iresiphi ezicatshangelwa kulolu cwaningo zasebenzisa ezinye izinkomba eziphathelene nokunqunywa kwesimo sokulungiswa kwenyama noma ezinye iziprotheyini zesilwane, akukho nhlobo yalezi zibonakaliso ezivunywa ngokwesayensi. Isibonelo, isibonakaliso esivame ukusetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi sokulungiswa kwesidlo yisikhathi sokupheka. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sokupheka asikwazi ukubonisa isibonakaliso esinokwethenjelwa, ngoba isibalo esikhulu sezinto ezithinta isikhathi lapho izitsha ziphekwe khona, njengezinga lesidlo, izinga lokushisa komkhiqizo ngaphambi kokupheka, umehluko emithini yekhishini, njalo njalo. Ukushisa kwangaphakathi okupheka, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, futhi kugxila kuma-bacterium kanye nama-parasites angatholakala kumkhiqizo othize. Kwezinye izimo, izindlela zokupheka zingaqukatha izincomo ezimbili ezahlukene ezaphikisana. Isibonelo, "upheke i-turkey amahora amathathu noma kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa kwalo lifinyelela kuma-degrees Celsius angu-74." Ezinye izinkomba ezingathembeki zihlanganisa umbala noma ukuthungwa kwenyama, imfundiso yokupheka "kuze kube yilawo amathumba," futhi ngezinye izikhathi amagama asungulwe umlobi ongathinti ukupheka asetshenziselwa ukunquma ukulungiswa kwemikhiqizo.

Ukuvimbela ukungcola okuphambene

Inombolo encane kakhulu yokupheka yayihlanganisa izincomo zokuvimbela ukungcola okuhamba phambili, okwenzeka lapho amabhaktheriya avela komunye umkhiqizo awehlela kwenye. Isibonelo, kuma-zokupheka angama-29 nje kuphela, kuboniswe ukuthi ukuhlukanisa amabhodi okusika ahlanzekile kanye nezinto zokukhiqiza okweqile nokuphelile kufanele kusetshenziswe. Futhi kuphela zokupheka ezingu-12 kwakunconywa ukuba ugeze izandla ngemva kokuxhumana nomkhiqizo ongeyena weprothemeni. Ezinye zokupheka zincoma abafundi ukuba bahlanze inkukhu eluhlaza ngaphansi kwempompi - lena indlela evumela ukuthi ungahlanza amabhaktheriya, kodwa uwafake ezindaweni eziningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanzi angaphathwa yonke indawo, futhi abe ngaphandle kwawo, asakaze ama-microbes ekhishini.