K-219 - ngwenya yenuzi Soviet

Maphakathi nawo-Eighties wocwaningo lwezindaba zenuzi American short-range ezicitshwayo XX leminyaka atshalwa eNtshonalanga Yurophu, udala usongo ngempela nokuvikeleka eSoviet Union. Esimeni impi izakhiwo obaluleke kakhulu kulelizwe lethu lingase hit ngisho nangaphambi kokuthola ulwazi missile ukuqalisa. Ukuze silondoloze ukulinganisela amasu amabutho kudingeka impendulo esiphuthumayo futhi ezanele.

Ukubuyisela ibhalansi amabutho emhlabeni

Njengoba eSoviet Union kwakungenakwenzeka ukusebenzisa inombolo ezanele phansi ezisekelwe missile elisekela elise iseduze-United States, ubuholi wezwe wenza kuphela isinqumo kungenzeka ngesikhathi - ukusungula ligada evamile ye-ngwenya Russian zenuzi amanzi kokungathathi hlangothi ngasogwini Melika. Lokhu sekwenze kwaba lula nokulinganisa degree of ingozi mutual ukubuyisela ukulingana kwamandla.

Missile ngwenya yeNyakatho Fleet

Omunye ngwenya, okuyinto waphathiswa lesi sabelo, waba impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu missile kwenjongo amasu owawunesihloko igama ikhodi K-219. Ngo-1972, wanyamalala esitokisini ngesikhathi Severodvinsk "Sevmash", iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili wayeyilungu Northern Fleet, ezinze Gadzhiyevo Murmansk esifundeni. Ngo-1980 umkhumbi olwesimanje ngokuphelele ngaphansi project 667A "Burbot" ukuthi wasivumela ukuyisebenzisa ukuxazulula ohambweni eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo futhi unzima.

Lokhu ngwenya waba ezingaba omkhulu obhubhisayo. Ebhanoyini kwakukhona abayishumi nesithupha ezicitshwayo ballistic lahlukene amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu, ngamunye okuyinto wathwala sezikhali ezintathu zenuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze bazivikele kungenzeka imikhumbi kuhlasela isitha K-219 kwadingeka eziyisithupha torpedo amashubhu. Amatilosi lalinabashumayeli abantu omunye eyikhulu neshumi nesishiyagalolunye - abaqeqeshiwe kanye amatilosi abaqeqeshiwe.

Izinsizi eminyakeni eyedlule

Ngisho ngaphambi kokuthatha phezu ukulwa komsebenzi ngasogwini Melika kusukela kule ngwenya missile ke kwadingeka ingozi embi ngo-1973. Khona-ke ngenxa ukuvuza omunye silos babe namanzi olwandle ukugeleza ku futhi iphendula nge ingxenye Propellant ukubangela kumiswa nitric acid lunamandla kakhulu, okuyinto kwagcina kuholele ekubeni ukuqhuma. Ngenxa yalokho, nomgwedli wabulawa, okwami eziphuthumayo wafakwa aphume isinyathelo futhi uqhubeke ngeke sisetshenziswe.

Kugcine ukubhukuda missile

ngwenya yenuzi K-219 kwenza uhambo zaso zokugcina ngo-1986. Sivela port ekhaya, yena amabombo ogwini Melika lokufeza lonogada. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-navigation yabonisa nezinkinga ezingathi sína: kwelinye silos missile wavula umongozima, kodwa leli phoyisa isayithi, owesaba icala, angabikwa kumlawuli emkhunjini, uCaptain 2nd Rank GI Britanova, futhi wazama ukufihla iqiniso lokuthi uyisehluleki.

ukuhlukumeza okunjalo usomqulu bekulokhu ebulalayo lifuna isikebhe kanye nezisebenzi imiphumela. Ngokushesha kwadingeka kabili ngosuku ukumpompa amanzi ngokufaka okwami, kuze kuthi ekugcineni is depressurized ngokuphelele futhi awuzange enezikhukhula. Zonke izenzakalo eminye bayisigaba ukuphindaphinda ngqo yengozi, owenzeka ngo-1973 - i oyingozi ingxube amanzi i-rocket fuel izingxenye, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi walandela ukuqhuma.

Imiphumela kubona ngenxa yokuqhuma kwebhomu e-silos missile

Igagasi ukushaqeka babhujiswa plutonium sezikhali futhi ezilimele bezinhlamvu yangaphandle kwemayini. Izingxenye ezicitshwayo babe ngaphakathi ngwenya, futhi ukusabela ngamanzi, ahlukaniswe amagesi ezibulalayo. Isimo zaba zimbi ngenxa yokuthi ngenxa ukuqhuma wadala imbobo emphemeni lapho amanzi baphuthuma ngaphakathi. Ukuba ngaleyo ndlela, phezu isikebhe sizinze, umkhumbi-ngwenya yacwila ngokushesha ukujula ezibucayi bona - amamitha angamakhulu amathathu, kodwa sibonga izenzo abanekhono futhi ngesikhathi esifanele umlawuli maduze ephethwe ukukhulisa kwamanzi.

Njengoba erhabekileko le ezilimele futhi iyingozi igesi ezingcoliswe missile bay kwaba ukushiya iqembu futhi kahle battened phansi. Nokho, amatilosi ayesazobhekana ukufeza umsebenzi oyinhloko okwamanje - ukumisa enuzi. Yenza-ke kwakudingekile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngoba izinzwa waloba ukwanda elibukhali lokushisa Ukupholisa uhlelo lwayo, futhi usongo yangempela lapho kuqhuma ibhomu lenyukliya.

Feat amatilosi - amatilosi

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, i-operation ezifana Kwenziwa ne control panel main, kodwa umzamo wokuqala ukukhombisa ukwehluleka zalesi simiso ezibucayi. Inhlekelele lwalusondela, futhi amatilosi kwadingeka eyodwa ithuba lokugcina - ngesandla ukuthulisa ophendulayo ezilimele, kodwa kulokhu kwadingeka ukuba bangene kuleli gumbi engangikulo missile futhi nakanjani umthamo ezibucayi yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Run Jobe wayenikela ngezinkonzo: Senior uLieutenant UNikolai Belikov kanye itilosi S. Preminin. Bobabili babulawa, kodwa izenzo ezidingekayo wasindisa lonke iqembu.

imikhumbi American nawaseSoviet abatakuli

Usizo ukucindezeleka ngwenya Soviet ahlinzekwa baseMelika. Kuze kube yimanje, imikhumbi yabo ngokushesha efika endaweni yengozi. Kodwa, naphezu kwengozi yokufa, ababhukudi abangena ayikwazanga ukusizakala isiphakamiso ngoba kwakusobala ngempela ukuthi isithakazelo esiyinhloko amaMelika kwakungafanele bona, kodwa ngwenya ngokwayo, egcwele imfihlo ngesikhathi imishini. Sibonga i-aid ehlongozwayo, amatilosi ngwenya baxhumane umsakazo nge imikhumbi ambalwa Soviet isondelene kubo, futhi waphuthuma wangisiza.

Isimo samanje wabonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ngwenya ngaphansi kwamandla ayo ngeke bakwazi ukuhambisa, futhi kuyodingeka towed. BaseMelika lapha baye bacela ukusiza, kodwa umyalo Soviet wakwenqaba engasafuni ukukhombisa singenamandla yakhe kulesi simo. Ezalandela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kwi-K-219 kuphela isikhulu wakhe ngawo, kusho uCaptain lesibili isikhundla I. izwe laseBrithani nelase-amalungu ethimba eziphuthumayo, bezama ukucima. I lonke iqembu wabekwa ngoba Ukufika ngesikhathi izinkantolo 'Krasnogvardeisk "futhi" Anatoly Vasilyev. "

Ukufa wocwaningo lwezindaba zenuzi ngwenya K - 219

Konke sekumi ngomumo ngoba ethwele isitsha kwamanzi kuya ogwini Soviet. Lolu hambo yabusa ngomkhumbi wezimpahla "Krasnogvardeisk", okuyinto ibhodi yayo ixhunywe ku-ngwenya ngentambo obukhulu. Ithimba wokutakula ushiye isikebhe, kusukela lokuhlushwa emoyeni kwemikhiqizo enobuthi omlilo uphakeme ngokweqile. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu kwaba umkhuzi izingalo uqapha umkhumbi kusuka kungenzeka Ukungena ngaye baseMelika.

Ukufa K-219 kwenzeka ebusuku Okthoba 6, 1986, lapho ngezizathu ezingaziwa, waphula towline, kanye ngwenya zaqala ukucwila ekujuleni. I. Britain, ivuliwe ibhodi kuze kube ngomzuzu wokugcina, wathuthela ibe esikebheni esingokomfanekiso, kodwa lapho amagagasi waqala ukuzikisa ngwenya conning umbhoshongo.

izimbangela zokufa

Lwakamumva phezu break izimbangela towline, kukhona eziningana. I Cishe iningi lalezi kubhekwe njengento eyodwa owawuthi le ngozi yenzeke ngenxa lemali enkulu yamanzi lwangena ngaphakathi esikebheni. Kungenzeka futhi American kokungenela, okungase ukusika ikhebula ngemvume ngwenya yayo ukulandela inkambo ngokulinganisa.

Kodwa, ochwepheshe bathi, kungaba esinye ngaphezulu, kungenzeka imbangela yokufa of K-219. Kungenzeka ukuthi umlawuli wamthumela ezansi, ukusika towline. Iqiniso lokuthi ngaphambi nje kokuba eze oda ezivela eMoscow, soke isiqhema ukuze ubuyele impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu eziphuthumayo futhi ngokuzimela ulandele port eliseduze Soviet. Kwaba oda uhlanya ngempela, ngoba, kanye ngaphakathi ngwenya, amatilosi ngabe wafa, ubuthi amagesi noma uthole umthamo namandla emisebe.

Ezenye yalolu hambo wokugcina

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lihlale ngwenya yenuzi K-219 ezansi, ngesikhathi amamitha abe yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu, nanhlanu zenuzi ezicitshwayo ballistic e silos yabo ukujula. Bophulwa bayiswa Havana amatilosi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa indiza ekhethekile emuva eMoscow. Izisebenzi zabantu abane bashonile ngesikhathi kwehla le ngozi, ezine ngaphezulu ashonela ngenxa ngemisebe wathola ebhodini.

Ngemva ngakho konke okwenzeka umkhuzi K-219 ngwenya, umkhankaso wokugcina eyabonakala ebulalayo ngaye, futhi kukhona nonjiniyela omkhulu VN Krasilnikov kwaba nezigameko zobugebengu, okuyinto cishe yaphela kokubili isikhathi eside bebhadla ejele. Kodwa, ngenhlanhla, isimo sesishintshile kuleli zwe ngaleso sikhathi. On the eyalandela yokwakha kabusha abasanda kumiswa UNgqongqoshe wezokuVikela Dmitry Yazov zayala ukuba kuvalwe amacala amabili. ngaleyo ndlela Emajele ayagwenywa, kodwa kusukela Navy induna isikebhe lushone waxoshwa. Le ngozi ngesikhathi K-219 uqede umsebenzi wakhe.