Izinzuzo kanye efanele ibe kuhlu lokuhlukumezeka of elihlale okunamafutha acid

Lesi sihloko yatha- yayo kudala - kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lapho isintu kwakunzima ukuba balwele bayezwana. Yilokho nakakhuluma ngezinzuzo nezingozi fat. Abacwaningi ihlukaniswa esekelwe amafomula abo chemical ngesisekelo khona izibopho kabili. Ukuba khona noma ukungabi wale mithandazo yenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa acid okunamafutha ngamaqembu amabili: ayegcwele kanye unsaturated.

I izakhiwo ngamunye wabo uthi eziningi, futhi kunenkolelo ngowokuqala libhekisela amafutha nenzuzo, kepha yesibili akuyona. Ngokungananazi ukuqinisekisa iqiniso lafinyelela kulesi siphetho, noma ukuphikisa kangakanani sibi. Noma yimuphi isici yemvelo inenani sokuthuthukiswa egcwele yomuntu. Ngamanye amazwi, zama ukuqonda, iyini inzuzo futhi ukuthi umonakalo kusuka ukusetshenziswa elihlale okunamafutha acid.

Izici formula chemical

Uma esondela ngokuya ukwakheka kwama-molecule zabo, isinyathelo elungile ukudinga isayensi. Okokuqala, khumbula-chemistry, siphawula ukuthi acid okunamafutha kukhona abazalwa hydrocarbon compounds futhi kwakhiwa isakhiwo sabo e-athomu is njengoba iketanga. Okwesibili, yokuthi ama-athomu carbon tetravalency. Futhi ekupheleni iketango axhunyiwe nge emithathu izinhlayiya hydrogen ne eyodwa carbon. Phakathi kwabo sizungezwe ama-athomu carbon amabili ne-hydrogen. Njengoba ubona, isifunda is ngokuphelele egcwele - akukho kungenzeka uxhumano okungenani eyodwa ngaphezulu hydrogen izinhlayiya.

Kuhle zimele elihlale okunamafutha acid ifomula. Le into, ogama molecule neketanga carbon e isakhiwo sabo chemical bakudla kalula ezinye amafutha kanye ibe ngisho kuma-athomu e-carbon. Igama layo lisuselwa ayegcwele hydrocarbon uhlelo nge obuphelele ezithile iketanga. Ifomula ifomu jikelele:

CH3- (CH2) n-COOH

Ezinye izakhiwo lezi zakhi zinezikhathi inkomba ezifana ukuncibilika lokushisa. Futhi, bona zihlukaniswe izinhlobo: ongaphakeme isisindo yamangqamuzana kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu isisindo yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka abe ukungaguquguquki okuqinile, kwesibili - ketshezi, ayanda mass izinyo lomhlathi, aba maningi izinga lokushisa ngaso ancibilike.

Elihlale okunamafutha acid babizwa nangokuthi monobasic, ngenxa yokuthi isakhiwo sabo akukho izibopho kabili phakathi eduze carbon ama-athomu. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi reactivity yabo incipha - enkulu yomzimba womuntu yakhiwa nzima ukuhlukanisa kubo, futhi ngenxa yalokho lokhu kudinga amandla amakhulu ngaphezulu.

izici isici

Omele ovelele kunabo, futhi mhlawumbe edume kakhulu ayegcwele okunamafutha acid palmitic acid, noma njengoba ibizwa, hexadecanoic. i-molecule wayo siqukethe 16 carbon ama-athomu (C16: 0) nesibopho olulodwa kabili. Cishe amaphesenti angu-30-35 of kuqukethwe lipids womuntu. Lena ngenye yama-izinhlobo ezinkulu umkhawulo acid e amagciwane. Kuyinto sikhona ezilwane kanye nenombolo ezihlukahlukene izitshalo, isibonelo, notorious amafutha esundu.

Inani elikhulu ngama-athomu carbon libhekene stearic futhi arachidic elihlale okunamafutha acid, okuhlanganisa, ngokulandelana, ifomula 18 futhi 20. Okokuqala e inqwaba e yemvu amafutha - lapha kungaba-30%, futhi kuyisici esihlupha zemifino amafutha - 10%. Arachidic, noma - ngokuhambisana igama layo ehlelekile - eicosanoic eziqukethwe ukhilimu namafutha lamantongomane.

Konke lokhu izinto Uyi compounds ephezulu ezinto eziqinile ukungaguquguquki yayo.

"Ayegcwele" imikhiqizo

Namuhla ngaphandle kwabo Kunzima ukucabanga ekhishini yesimanje. Umkhawulo fatty acid atholakala ukudla nowezilwane futhi imvelaphi zemifino. Nokho, ukuqhathanisa okuqukethwe kuwo womabili la maqembu, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi iphesenti ephakeme babo esimweni sokuqala kuka lesibili.

Ukuze uhlu imikhiqizo equkethe semali inama zihlanganisa yonke imikhiqizo inyama: ingulube, yenkomo, iwundlu tinhlobo tetinyoni. Iqembu imikhiqizo yobisi Ungase futhi ukuziqhayisa khona: u-ice cream, ukhilimu omuncu, ibhotela, lapha kungenzeka ukuba sithwale ubisi uqobo. amafutha Futhi nokukhawulela atholakala ezithile izinhlobo zemifino amafutha: entendeni nezihlahla zikakhukhunathi.

Nasi umkhiqizo yokufakelwa

Iqembu elihlale okunamafutha acid futhi zihlanganisa "impumelelo" enjalo lamadolobha esimanjemanje umkhakha ukudla njengoba amafutha Trans. Njengoba yenziwe ngu hydrogenation of yemifino amafutha. Ingqikithi yalo nqubo ukuthi amafutha yemifino ketshezi ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi at okushisa afinyelela ku-degree angu-200 babhekana le-hydrogen asebenzayo gaseous. Umphumela umkhiqizo omusha - hydrogenated kokuba esigwegwile yamangqamuzana isakhiwo hlobo. Ngo imvelo yalolu hlobo alukho uxhumano. Inhloso yalesi ukuguqulwa iqondiswa hhayi kuphela ukuze kuzuze nempilo yabantu, futhi kubangelwa nesifiso "ukhululekile" umkhiqizo okuqinile esithuthukisa ukunambitheka, ne ukuthungwa enhle nokuphila eshalofini eside.

Indima elihlale okunamafutha acid e umzimba womuntu ukusebenza

imisebenzi eziphilayo bathunyelwa kula compounds aqukethe ukunikeza umzimba amandla. Vegetable nababamele Uyi impahla eluhlaza esetshenziswa umzimba ukwakha cell ulwelwesi, kanye umthombo izinto begazi bahileleke ukulawulwa izicubu izinqubo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngenxa anda eminyakeni yamuva, ingozi kumiswa izimila ebulalayo. Elihlale okunamafutha acid zinengxenye zamagama-hormone, amavithamini kanye nokwenziwa izakhi ezihlukahlukene trace. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa ezingapheli zingayilimaza impilo yamadoda, ngoba zinengxenye ukukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone.

Benefit noma ilimaze fat elihlale

Umbuzo izingozi yabo namanje evulekile, ngoba uxhumano ngqo ukuvela kwezindaba isifo aye atholakala. Nokho, kukhona kucatshangwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwandisa ingozi eziningi izifo eziyingozi.

Yini engase ishiwo evikela acid okunamafutha

imikhiqizo eside ngokwanele elihlale "abasolwa ngokuba nesandla" ukwandisa ezingeni cholesterol embi egazini. dietetics Modern wahlangana okwatholakala zabo ukuthi khona inyama ka palmitic acid kanye stearic e imikhiqizo yobisi kukodwa neze ibonakale irekhodi "elimazayo 'cholesterol. Yini eyayibangele lokho izithelo zawo atholakele carbohydrate. Nakuba okuqukethwe kwabo eliphansi fatty acid abalona umonakalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho kwatholakala ukuthi ekunciphiseni engayitholi carbohydrate ngenkathi okwandisa inani kudliwe "umkhiqizo te" kukhona ngisho ukwanda kancane ezingeni cholesterol "enhle", okusikisela usizo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi esikhathini esithile ekuphileni lolu hlobo elihlale okunamafutha acid isiba kumelwe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ubisi ebeleni likanina ecebile kubo futhi londlekile ngoba nosana ezaziwayo. Ngakho-ke, izingane kanye nabantu abaphila impilo obuthaka ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo enjalo kungaletha izinzuzo.

Kwezinye izimo, bangakwazi ubuhlungu

Uma engayitholi nsuku zonke carbohydrate ingaphezu 4 amagremu amakhilogramu esisindo ngayinye, kungabonwa njengoba nomthelela ongemuhle impilo elihlale okunamafutha acid. Izibonelo leli qiniso: palmitic acid, okuyinto etholakala inyama kuphakamisa ukwehla womsebenzi insulini, stearic acid, ekhona imikhiqizo yobisi ngenkuthalo kunomthelela kwetinhlavu ongama amafutha imali, futhi ibe nomphumela ongemuhle yisimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Lapha, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi ukwanda carbohydrate engayitholi uyakwazi ukuhumusha imikhiqizo "ocebile" esigabeni okungenampilo.

Delicious impilo usongo

Esibonisa "ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo" ayegcwele ama-fatty acid, umonakalo lapho engakaze luhlolwe nathi ukukhumbula mayelana yokufakelwa - hydrogenated, sitholwe ophoqelelwe ukugcwaliswa yemifino amafutha ne-hydrogen.

Lokhu kumele kufake imajarini, okuyinto kubangelwe izindleko zalo ongaphakeme, it is kabanzi: enkulu ekwakhekeni imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ukudla okunoshukela zonke izindawo lulwimi siphelile futhi sonkana ukupheka. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo mkhiqizo nemikhiqizo lutho zalo ezinhle azinakugcinwa empilweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wenza izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo njengesifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, isifo senhliziyo, occlusion semithambo.