Iyini i-Hadron Collider? Kungani sidinga i-Hadron Collider enkulu

Izakhamuzi eziningi ezivamile zomhlaba zizibuza ukuthi kungani kudingeke ukuba kube ne-hadron enkulu yokuphola. Ukungcolile kwezifundo eziningi zesayensi, ezisebenzise okuningi kwezigidigidi zama-euro, ziqaphele futhi ziyesabe.

Mhlawumbe lokhu akusikho ucwaningo nhlobo, kodwa umboniso womshini wesikhathi noma i-portal yokuthunyelwa kwezilwane ezingaphandle komhlaba okukwazi ukushintsha isiphetho sesintu? Amahemuhemu ahamba phambili amahle kakhulu futhi ayesabekayo. Kulesi sihloko sizozama ukuqonda ukuthi yini i-hadron collider eyisizathu nokuthi kungani yadalwa.

Uhlelo oluthandayo lwesintu

I-Large Hadron Collider namuhla iyinhloko yezinhlayiya ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni. Itholakala emngceleni waseSwitzerland neFrance. Ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwalo: ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-100 kukhona umhubhe wonyaka we-accelerator onobude obungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-27. Umnikazi we-polygon yokuhlola ebiza imali engaphezu kwezingu-R10 billion yiyona Yurophu YaseYurophu YokuCwaninga.

Imali eningi yemithombo kanye nezinkulungwane zezici zesayensi yezinto zenuzi zenzelwe ukusheshisa ama-proton kanye nezinyathelo ezihamba phambili ezijubane ekujuleni ekukhanyeni ngezindlela ezihlukene, bese uzixosha. Imiphumela yokuxhumana ngokuqondile ihlolisiswa ngokucophelela.

Isiphakamiso sokwakha i-particle speed accelerator sango-1984. Sekuyiminyaka eyishumi kuye kwaba nezingxoxo ezihlukahlukene mayelana nokuthi umshayeli we-hadron uzoba yini, kungani kudingwa iphrojekthi enkulu yokucwaninga. Ngemva kokuxoxa ngezixazululo zesisombululo sezobuchwepheshe kanye nemingcele yokufaka edingekayo kwakuyiprojekthi evunyelwe. Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-2001 kuphela, kwabekwa ukwaziswa komhlaba komhlaba wangaphambili we-particle accelerator - i-electron-positron.

Kungani i-Large Hadron Collider

Ukusebenzisana kwezinhlayiya eziyisisekelo kuchazwe ngezindlela ezahlukene. Imfundiso yokuzihlanganisa iphikisana ne-quantum field theory. Isixhumanisi esingekho ekutholeni indlela eyodwa kwesakhiwo sezinhlayiya eziyisisekelo kungenakwenzeka kokudala i-theory ye-quantum gravity. Yingakho sidinga i-hadron collider yamandla akhule.

Amandla onke ekushayweni kwezinhlayiyana ngama-trayctronvolts angu-14, okwenza idivayisi ibe ne-accelerator enamandla kunayo yonke ekhona namuhla emhlabeni. Ngemva kokuhlola okwakungenakwenzeka ngezizathu zobuchwepheshe, ososayensi abanamathuba aphezulu bazokwazi ukubhala noma ukuphikisa imibono ekhona ye-microworld.

Ukucwaninga kwe-plasma ye-quark-gluon eyenziwa ngokushayisana kwe-nuclei yokuhola kuyosenza sikwazi ukwakha inkolelo ephelele kakhulu yokusebenzisana okuqinile okungashintsha ngokuyisisekelo isayensi ye nyukliya kanye nezindlela zokuqaphela isikhala se-stellar.

I-Higgs boson

Ema-1960s, i-physicist yaseScotland, uPeter Higgs, yakha i-Higgs field theory, ngokusho ukuthi yiziphi izinhlayiya eziwela kule nsimu zithinta umthamo we-quantum, okukhona emhlabeni ongokwenyama ongabonwa njengento enkulu.

Uma phakathi nokuhlolwa kuzotholakala ukuthi uqiniseke inkolelo yesayensi yezinto zenuzi zaseScotland bese uthola i-boson (quantum) ye-Higgs, khona-ke lo mcimbi ungaba yindawo entsha yokuqala yokuthuthukiswa kwabakhileyo emhlabeni.

Futhi amathuba okuvulwa komuntu olawula amandla adonsela phansi ayophindaphinda adlule wonke amathemba abonakalayo yentuthuko yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Ikakhulukazi kusukela ososayensi abahamba phambili banesithakazelo ekwenzeni ukwephulwa kwe-electroweak ukulinganisa kunokuba khona kwe-bosgs ye-Higgs ngokwayo.

Isebenza kanjani

Ukwenza izinhlayiya zokuhlola zifinyelele ngesivinini esingenakucabangeka phezu komhlaba, cishe esilingana nesivinini sokukhanya endaweni yokugcoba, zihlakazeka kancane kancane, isikhathi ngasinye sikhula amandla.

Okokuqala, ama-accelerator anembile enza injection ye-ion ehola kanye nama-proton, okubekwe ngaphansi kokusheshiswa kwesinyathelo. Izinhlayiya zingena phakathi kwe-booster zibe yi-proton synchrotron, lapho kutholakala khona ama-28 GeV.

Esigabeni esilandelayo, izinhlayiya zingena kwi-super-synchrotron, lapho amandla okukhokhwa kwawo ehanjiswa kwi-GeV 450. Njengoba sesifinyelele izinkomba ezinjalo, izinhlayiya zifaka indandatho eyinhloko yamakhilomitha amaningi, lapho kutholakala khona izimboni ezindaweni ezithile izimboni zichaze umzuzu wokushayisana.

Ngaphezu kokuthola izinto ezikwazi ukurekhoda zonke izinqubo ngesikhathi sokushayisana, amamitha angu-1625 ane-superconductivity asetshenziselwa ukubamba amaqoqo e-proton ku-accelerator. Ubude bawo buphelele budlula amakhilomitha angu-22. Ikamelo elikhethekile le- cryogenic ukugcina umphumela we-superconductivity ugcina izinga lokushisa -271 ° C. Izindleko zamagnet ezinjalo zilinganiselwa ku-euro eyodwa yezigidi.

Ukuphela kuvumela izindlela

Ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okunjalo okuvelele, kwakhiwa iklabhulidi ye-hadronic enamandla kakhulu. Kungani kudingwa iphrojekthi yezesayensi yezigidigidi zama-dollar, ososayensi abaningi batjela isintu ngokukhanya okungacacile. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka ukuthola izinto ezintsha zesayensi, kungenzeka ukuthi zizofakwa ngokuphepha.

Ungasho ngisho, ngokuqinisekile. Isiqinisekiso salokhu ngumlando wonke wempucuko. Lapho kusungulwa isondo, izinqola zempi zavela. Uye waqondisa isintu isimo semishini - siyabonga, izibhamu nezibhamu!

Zonke izentuthuko zanamuhla kakhulu ziba yimpahla yezakhiwo zempi-zezimboni zamazwe athuthukile, kodwa hhayi zonke izintu. Abasosayensi bafunda nini ukwehlukanisa i-athomu, eyaqala kuqala? Amakhemikhali enuzi okhiqiza ugesi, Nokho, ngemva kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zokufa eJapane. Izakhamuzi zaseHiroshima zaziphikisana nokuqhubekela phambili kwesayensi, ezithatha zona kanye nezingane zabo kusasa.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kubonakala njengokuhleka abantu, ngoba umuntu ozobe eseduzane uzoba isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka. Ngokusho kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, uhlelo luya lukhula futhi lukhule luqinile, ukuqeda amaphuzu abuthakathaka. Kungenzeka esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukuze singabi nendawo ezweni lobuchwepheshe obuphambili. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo othi "kungani umshayeli omkhulu we-hadronic udinga khona manje" empeleni akuyona into eyinqaba, ngoba kubangelwa ukwesaba ukuphela kwesintu sonke.

Imibuzo engaphenduliwe

Kungani sidinga i-hadron enkulu, uma izigidi zabantu zibulawa yindlala futhi zingelapheki, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izifo eziphathekayo emhlabeni? Ingabe uyasiza ukunqoba lobu bubi? Kungani sidinga i-hadron collider kubantu, okuyinto yonke ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe engakwazi ukukwazi ukulwa ngokuphumelelayo nezifo zomdlavuza iminyaka eyikhulu manje? Noma mhlawumbe kungenzuzo kakhulu ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezokwelapha ezibizayo kunokuthola indlela yokuphulukisa? Ngomyalelo wezwe okhona kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuziphatha, kuphela amalungu omuntu wesintu ayedinga i-hadronic enkulu. Kungani kudingwa yibo bonke abantu beplanethi, behola impi engeyona-stop ukuze banelungelo lokuphila ezweni elingenalutho lokungenelela empilweni nempilo yomuntu? Indaba ayithuli ngalokhu ...

Ukwesaba kwabalingani besayensi

Kukhona abanye abameleli bomphakathi wesayensi oveza ukukhathazeka okukhulu mayelana nokuphepha komsebenzi. Kukhona ithuba elikhulu ukuthi izwe lesayensi ekuhlolweni kwalo, ngenxa yolwazi lwayo olunqunyelwe, lingalahlekelwa yizinqubo ezingakaze zifundwe kahle.

Le ndlela ikhumbuza izivivinyo zama laboratory zamakhemikhali amancane - ukuxuba konke futhi ubone ukuthi kuzokwenzekani. Isibonelo sokugcina singabangela ukuqhuma emtholampilo. Futhi uma "impumelelo" enjalo iqonda ikhamera ye-hadron?

Kungani sidinga izingozi zomhlaba ezingenakubulungiswa, ikakhulukazi njengoba abahlolwayo bengakwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi izinqubo zokushayisana kwezinhlayiya eziholela ekwakheni kwamazinga okushisa ezingaphezu kuka-100 000 izikhathi izinga lokushisa kwe-luminari yethu ngeke kubangele ukuphendulwa kwe-chain yonke indaba yeplanethi? Noma bazovele babangele uketshezi lwenukliya oluthatha amandla okuphumula ngokweqile ezintabeni zaseSwitzerland noma eFrance Riviera ...

Ukulawulwa kolwazi

Kuyadabukisa ukuthi amazwi oososayensi beqiniso nalabo abaqonda i-physics yenukliya bamane behlukaniswe nomphakathi. Abezindaba badlula ngaphandle kokuzama ngisho nokumboza inkinga kusuka kulo mbono wokubuka.

Kungani sidinga i-colonier enkulu ye-hadronic, lapho isintu singakwazi ukuxazulula imisebenzi encane? Umzamo wokuthulisa umbono ohlukile uqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenakuqaphelwa kwenkambo yezenzakalo.

Mhlawumbe, lapho umuntu evele khona kuqala, lesi sici esibekiwe sabekwe kuye - ukwenza okuhle nokuzilimaza ngesikhathi esisodwa. Mhlawumbe, impendulo izosinika ukuthola ukuthi i-hadron collider izonikeza? Kungani lokhu kuvivinywa okunzima kuyadingeka, inzalo yethu izothatha isinqumo.