Ithebula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo Mayakovsky. Izigaba zokuphila futhi lokusungula

Pilo lo imbongi akuphelele eyathatha iminyaka engu-37, kodwa kunalokho kakhulu. Wayengomunye abaholi art avant-garde, kanye uzwakalise umsekeli okuqina we Party umugqa, fighter ukumelana ngezihluthu ngemibono. izinkondlo zakhe - inhlanganisela okhazimulayo beyofuna amafomu amasha kanye namagugu okuphakade okuqukethwe, iphimbo lakhe elinamandla Tribune futhi ezicashile ezicashile lyrical. Izigaba zokuphila, equkethe ithebula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo Mayakovsky, cabangisisa kumiswa ubuntu imbongi, kodwa ukuhlola isikali yayo evumela amaziyo ngokuphelele nge yomlando wakhe wokudala.

1893-1906. ebuntwaneni

Wazalelwa Julayi 7, 1893 emkhayeni Vladimira Konstantinovicha Mayakovskogo, ngubani ephethwe iHhovisi ihlathi edolobhaneni elincane Georgian eduze Baghdadi Kutaisi futhi Aleksandry Alekseevny Pavlenko, ekuqaleni kusukela Kuban. Umkhulu sikababa kwaba esaul Cossack, wathola knighthood.

ithebula Mayakovsky iBhayibheli ngohlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo eqhukethe bufakazi yabantu ebonisa of ikhono imbongi esizayo wafundisa yena ukufunda, kuthatha esijulile nokuthambekela maqondana izincwadi futhi imidwebo, uyakhumbula eziningi zezinkondlo, kuyinto kahle Georgian.

1902 - engena abaphezulu enkulisa Kutaisi yokuzivocavoca, okubonisa ukuqeqeshwa okuhle ikakhulukazi isiRashiya futhi umdwebo.

1905 - bazihluphe izenzakalo wamavukelambuso, iqhaza emihlanganweni nemiboniso. Ngaphandle kokuchitha isithakazelo ezifundweni.

Februwari 19, 1906 wafa ngokuzumayo ngenxa yegazi elinobuthi VK Mayakovsky.

1906-1910. E-Moscow

ithebula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo Mayakovsky eMoscow nkathi yakuqala - ukutadisha esikoleni, umdlalo Marxism, ngokujoyina RSDLP (b), emuva kokuboshwa:

1906 Agasti-Mayakovsky umkhaya wathuthela eMoscow, lapho afundela khona omdala uVladimir - ULyudmila.

1906, cwaningo Septhemba -nachinaet Yesihlanu sokuzivocavoca classical. Ukutadisha engalingani, wahlangana nabafundi-abahlanganyeli kule nhlangano wamavukelambuso. Abanesithakazelo sokufunda izincwadi zefilosofi, ukutadisha Marxism.

1908 - engena Russian Social-Democratic Party yase-amaBolshevik, leli qembu lathola isidlaliso "Iqabane Konstantin", abayeka isikole e sokuzivocavoca. Esolwa amapheshana Ekusakazeni nasekuhumusheni sesimeni ukuboshwa kuqala. Khishiwe ngoba yokushoda kobufakazi.

1909 - Efuna ukuqhubeka nemfundo yabo, engena Stroganov School, kodwa ngoJulayi aphinde waboshwa khona esolwa ukuhlela Ukuphunyuka iziboshwa. Ngo Butyrskaya ukufunda eqanjiwe okuningi, kuhlanganise Symbolist izimbongi. Uzama ukubhala uqobo.

1910 - Umndeni efuna ukukhululwa Vladimir njengoba ingane. Washeshe wahileleka Umdwebo belungiselela yokwemukela School of Painting, Umfanekiso and Architecture.

1911-1914. Mayakovsky, Futurist

ithebula Kwezikhathi Zawo Mayakovsky isikhathi, ukuqala umsebenzi wokudala - ujwayele D. Burliuk, ukusebenza kuqala nokushicilelwa, iqhaza ukuhamba Futurists:

1911 September - Engena MUZhViZ. Bajwayelane lomculi bese imbongi Davidom Burlyukom nezinye futurists.

1912 - yethula Burliuk nge izinkondlo zakhe, uyakwazisa kubo kakhulu. Uthatha isinyathelo ne Ukufundwa yenengi izinkondlo zakhe endaweni cafe Futuristic "Stray Inja".

1912-December - izinkondlo eyanyatheliswa kuyi Anthology "ngempama Zokunambitha Yomphakathi".

1913 March - kuza lwencwadi "Missal ezintathu" nge izinkondlo kanye nemidwebo Mayakovsky.

1913, May - uya edition izindawo yesici yencwadi "Mina"

1913-December - uhlanganyela ukusebenza lilonke Futurists, ukusebenza lokuqala le nhlekelele "uVladimir Mayakovsky" Petersburg.

1914 January-March - uhlanganyela ukusebenza we Futurists ezweni lonke-kusukela Kazan ukuze Tbilisi. Akhishiwe esikoleni, esinye sezizathu - okuqondene futurism.

1914-November - ngemva kokugqashuka kwempi senqatshwa ekutholeni isitifiketi nokwethenjelwa, kubalulekile ukuze ujoyine njengesisebenzi sokuzithandela ibutho.

1915-1919. Mayakovsky kanye Revolution

Mayakovsky ithebula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo isikhathi pre-izinguquko kanye post-Okthoba - lokuhlangana bephethe Gorky, ne izinsizwa Bric, iqhaza izenzakalo wamavukelambuso, "Iwindi UKUKHULA":

1915, Februwari - umhlangano AM Umunyu.

1915 July - Ukuhlangana Liliey Yurevnoy Brik nomyeni wakhe.

1915 September - izinsizwa. Ngenxa yemizamo ye Gorky kuchaziwe inkampani spare inkampani Military imoto e Petrograd draftsman - Service ihlanganisa ingxenye kuphela ngosuku.

1916 - phakathi nonyaka aphume inkondlo "The backbone umtshingo", "War and Peace", le "ndoda" izinkondlo eziningi.

1917 Spring - ngokuzimisela izenzakalo Februwari revolution, ukhuluma embuthaneni, uthi isikhalazo, wakhethwa ukuba abasebenzi Petrograd Ubuciko Union.

1917 ekwindla - emva October Revolution esivuna nokubambisana abaculi kusukela uhulumeni wamaSoviet.

1918 Spring - ubhala screenplays, wenza amafilimu.

1918, November - kudlalwé play "Uyimfihlakalo-Bouffe".

1919 Okthoba-ekuqaleni eMoscow phezu "amafasitela" ukukhula "- kuze kube Februwari 1922 wadala 400 emaphosta kanye nemibhalo 600.

1920-1923. Mayakovsky kwesokunxele umholi art

ithebula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo zokuphila kanye nomsebenzi kwenkathi kulwiwa - umzabalazo a izinkondlo entsha, netiyetha entsha, i-movie entsha, uhambo lokuqala eYurophu, iphephabhuku "LEF":

1920 - ukufunda lokuqala zomphakathi kule nkondlo "150.000.000", unyaka wonke ukusebenza eziningi mpikiswano, izinkulumo, imibuthano.

1921 - ukukhiqizwa "Uyimfihlakalo-Bouffe" Meyerhold.

1922, May - uhambo lokuqala phesheya - ukuze Riga.

1922 October - okukhipha eqoqwe imisebenzi.

1922 October - Disemba - uhambo kweJalimane neFrance, ukuhlangana njalo abaculi eliphambili abalobi: Picasso, Léger, Braque, Cocteau, Natalia Goncharova, Mikhail Larionov nabanye.

1923 March - kwavela 1st "LEF" umagazini eyahlelwa inkondlo Mayakovsky sika "About That", izinkondlo eziningi futhi izihloko ezikhuluma ngale ndaba ubuciko entsha.

1923, October - wabhala ikhophi ukukhangisa Mosselprom.

1924-1925. Imbongi kanye uvukela

Abaningi kwadingeka ukuba voey ukuphila Mayakovsky. ithebula Kwezikhathi Zawo wokuphila umsebenzi isikhathi asebenzayo ojikelezayo ezweni lonke kanye nomhlaba - inkulumo kuleli zwe, evakashele eYurophu, i- "ukutholwa Melika":

1924 entwasahlobo - ehlobo - ukukhuluma uhambo e-Ukraine, eCrimea.

1924 ekwindla-ebusika - uhambo eParis.

1925-May - ekuqaleni Mayakovsky evakashele eYurophu, lapho eseneminyaka esikebheni ethunyelwe eMexico nase-United States.

1925 July-December - wahlangana e-New York nge D. Burliuk, okuyinto uhamba yonkana Melika.

1926-1928. ukuvuthwa okudala

ithebula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo Mayakovsky - kafushane mayelana nalesi sikhathi singasho ukuthi le nkathi yokuphila nokuvuthwa kwezobuciko:

1926, January-February, June, August, October no-November - eminingi inkulumo uhambo yezwe, kanye Poland, eCzechoslovakia, eJalimane, eFrance. Izihloko Main:

• New Art.
• kanjani amavesi.
• ukutholakala Yami Yezindaba Melika.

1927 - aphume umagazini "okusha LEF".

1928 - edition ehlukile kule nkondlo "Good".

1928-December - Uqede play "Ukulungiswa", sewucalile umsebenti umbukiso: oqondisa Meyerhold, design -Kukryniksov, umculo - Shostakovich.

1929-1930. ukunakekelwa nhlekelele

ithebula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo zokuphila Mayakovsky sika eminyakeni yamuva: ukugxekwa kusuka izimbangi, ukungasiqondi izihlobo, crisis ebuhlotsheni nabanye abantu:

1929, January - abaningi ukusebenza imbongi ikhanseliwe ngenxa yesifo emphinjeni.

1929 Februwari - kudlalwé "Ukulungiswa" at the Meyerhold Theatre ihlangabezana kuyadida: yokudumisa ukugxekwa we ekwakhiweni ngokwayo ukudlala.

1929, May - lokuhlangana bephethe actress Veronikoy Polonskoy - uthando lokugcina imbongi.

1930 Februwari - Mashi - Sikhungo: "Eminyakeni engu-20" nayo kuvula ku Moscow Writers 'Club, e-Leningrad Indlu Phrinta, Central Indlu Komsomol Red Presnya. Cishe indiva izikhulu nabalobi.

1930, March - kudlalwé "Bani" e Meyerhold Theatre ephelezelwa ukwehluleka.

1930, April - zazo yakhululwa ekuqaleni kwenyanga umagazini "Phrinta kanye Revolution" ngemiyalo yezikhulu ukuphathwa ezibaziweyo isithombe Mayakovsky nge bingelela kuye phezu iminyaka engu-20 yomsebenzi zokudala.

usuku kwesibhamu

Izimbangela yokuzibulala imbongi ngokujwayelekile ohambisana nesifanekiso ubuhlobo bayo eyinkimbinkimbi nge Lily Brik, ine amandla cishe ezingaqondakali phezu kwakhe, bekhona kanye Veronica Polonsky wayeshadile, kodwa wayefuna ukuqala ukuphila okuvamile umndeni. Yisho Tatyana Yakovleva, owayehlala e-Paris wabiza uthando bakhe beqiniso. Ukuzuma sokuhamba edabukisayo eyaqanjwa izinguqulo eziningi, kuhlanganise nokubulawa kwezingane imbongi. ithebula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo Mayakovsky, utshela kafushane esiphathelene nezinsuku zokugcina imbongi:

April 12, 1930, wabhala incwadi yokuvalelisa edumile ngokukhuluma amagama isikebhe uthando ikhubazekile ngokuphila ...

April 14, 1930:

8.00 - wayezomvusa lo yocingo kanye yocingo unika T.Yakovlevoy Paris: "Mayakovsky esingu yena."

8,30 - wayeka ngoba Veronikoy Polonskoy futhi uyazifeza ku efulethini lakhe.

9.00 - beza ukusebenza ifulethi Mayakovsky Lubyanskiy Kwekuheha.

9.30 - bookman courier owakhuphula incwadi imbongi ebayalile, kwenzeka ukubona imbongi emi ngamadolo akhe phambi owesifazane osemusha.

10,45 - Polonsky egumbini, ethi akathathi ufike ngesikhathi ukubuyekeza yaseshashalazini, ezithembisa ukubuyela kusihlwa. Ezitebhisini, ezwa shot laduma egumbini. Ukubuyela emuva, wabona Mayakovsky sidindilize, ngegazi amabala on leyembe lakhe endaweni inhliziyo. Washona ngaphambi kokufika ngokushesha shayela i-ambulense.

ukuqashelwa posthumous

Lena biography of Mayakovsky. ithebula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo zigqugquzela inkumbulo imbongi kuyasithakazelisa.

Ukuphela isihlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi ingubani Mayakovsky iziphathimandla ezisemthethweni wakubeka Stalin yena, ngo-1935, wathi: "Mayakovsky kwaba kanye uhlala okungcono, imbongi abanamakhono kakhulu kwenkathi yethu waseSoviet." Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho-ke waqala ukwetha ezitaladini imbongi emadolobheni amaningi ukuHlangana, imitapo, zokubukela amabhayisikobho, njll Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama Mayakovsky wathola:

1935 - Lo mdlali owayedlalela Triumph Square e Moscow;

1938 - Isiteshi Zamoskvoretskaya umugqa umasipala eMoscow;

1946 - umuzana Kaliningrad esifundeni;

1954 - I-Moscow Academic Drama Theatre;

1967 - I-St Petersburg metro station;

1967 - iplanethi ezincane.