Ejele Butyrskaya eMoscow. Ikheli, futhi umlando omfushane

ejele Butyrskaya (okwamanje inombolo 2 Ukuvalela UFSIN) yasungulwa ngo 1771 ngemiyalo yezikhulu uCatherine II. Wesifundazwe inqaba ejele kwadalwa umakhi Kazakov. Ngokwe-mbono kokuqala, isakhiwo bekumele kube Ensemble side olunezinhlangothi. Ezingosini kwakuhlelwe ukwakha imibhoshongo round crenellated 4 exhunywe izindonga eziphakeme ngezitini. Yini leyo, futhi umsebenzi okulethwe empilweni. Ngo Butyrskaya castle has 4 kwemibhoshongo: Iwashi, Pugachev, Amaphoyisa naseNyakatho. ibandla etholakala maphakathi emzimbeni. Futhi namhlanje ibandla e Butyrskaya ejele abasejele bazizwa khona ngokukhululekile.

Pugachev kuvukela

Ekupheleni 1774 amabutho tsarist kwase ukuyiveza ukuvukela abalimi eholwa Emelyana Pugacheva. izidlamlilo nombaleki baphuthunyiswe Butyrskaya isiboshwa eqashwe amasosha ngeso elibukhali ngamaketanga futhi emaketangeni. Of ubhongoza wobubi, Emelka, livuke eMoscow yezinyoni, futhi wayesezibeka ngamaketanga. Yokudumisa isiboshwa yodumo babeze bazethe igama elithi omunye kwemibhoshongo (South): e 1775, ngaphambi nje kokuba abulawe, uJesu waboshwa ngamaketanga ukuze odongeni esakhiweni. Manje Pugachev.

amathuluzi zokuhlukunyezwa

Ngalezo zinsuku, ejele Butyrskaya abaneliswa nobudlova ngokwedlulele. Ejele tsarist, kukhona amathuluzi amaningi ukuze ngingabi ngumthwalo iziboshwa: izicathulo, ngendwayimane, ozankosi, izihlalo, ezizibeni ... Iziboshwa zazinikezwa iboshwe ngisho icala ezincane. Slingshot - a collar metal ekhethekile, okuyinto akazange avumele isiboshwa ukuba aqambe amanga. Emaketangeni esetshenziswa ejele of ezintathu izinhlobo, base zigqokwe imikhono, imilente nentamo. Ngezinye izikhathi izigebengu ngaphezu kwalokho eboshelwe odongeni. Nezitulo zokunqanda yokuphunyuka. Babedalelwene oki chump nesisindo 25 kg futhi okovyvalis hoops steel. On entanyeni kwesiboshwa zase zihleliwe collar. Isiboshwa kangaka ukuhamba ngisho okugeza kanye yangasese.

Ukunwetshwa emajele nasemakamu umbuso ushintsho

Ngo-1878, ejele wasebukhosini lakhiwa futhi lanwetshwa. Ngenxa yalokho, igumbi ukuthwala abantu kuze kube abaphuli 2,500. Ngo-1879 yena waba waphakanyiselwa cellblock main. Kwasebenza njengesibonakaliso main kwesango eduze Pugachev Tower.

Ngo-1889, imithetho ku iziboshwa ukusuthisa kwangena. Ngemva inguquko ka kwekhulu lama-20 e "Butyrka" wadala umnyango ekhethekile alahlwe ngecala umbuso ngesihluku okuyinto isicelo isigwebo sokufa.

Ubuntu Famous "Butyrka"

Ngaphakathi kwezindonga kuleli jele eMoscow ngo 19 - ekuqaleni kwelama-20. wavakashelwa ubuntu eziningi ezidumile: Bauman, Schmidt, Voroshilov, Dzerzhinsky, Makhno, futhi abahlanganyeli abaningi abahambisani nokuvukela ngo-1905. Kusukela ngo-1906 ejele Butyrskaya waziwa ngokuthi Yesikhashana Central. Kube Yaqala kombuso nokhahlo kakhulu njengoba isijeziso bashaywe ngisho kwethulwa. "Izithelo" wombuso omusha kwakungafanele eside ukufika: bhadane, izifo ezihlukahlukene, kwakusondela igagasi lokushisekela abazibulalayo. Ngo 1910-1911 GG. ngelanga wafa iziboshwa 400 (ikakhulukazi ngenxa ukusetshenziswa). Lapho Kudriakov abakhulu (ngo-1908) yangaphambili isiboshwa wasebukhosini endaweni yabafileyo: bashaywe kwanda, futhi Naughty kakhulu wathumela egumbini lokujeziswa.

ukuphumula imodi

Ngemva inguquko konyaka 17, nezigqizo, ezinsimbini kanye namanye amathuluzi baye kukhanselwe. Futhi akuvumelekile kuyiwe amafasitela, izihlobo ukuthola gciwane. Butyrskaya Church ababezobulawa, futhi okufakwe isitolo wensimbi kanye esitolo hardware endlini yakhe. Sahlela wezincwadi futhi bavunyelwe ukuba ahlele amakhonsathi. Ngo-1920 kwenziwa khona by F. Chaliapin.

kusukela ngo-1983, endaweni izindlu ahlukene iziboshwa zesifazane bathunyelwa. Ngo-1996, zonke izigebengu abangekho ejele abanye, bathunyelwa lapha. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukuthuthuka eziningi zokwakha kabusha ezenziwe ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokuthola neminye imibhalo lobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo eziningi angahlangabezani zamanje kwezokwakha.

Isiphetho "Butyrka" ngemva 2000

Ngo-2001, kuwo wonke "Butyrka" lalisalungiswa. isakhiwo umbuso ziye zalungiswa. Ababuyiselwe Futhi isebenza kuze kube yilolu suku, iSonto Our Lady. Kusukela 2003, e-luhlobo avelelwe № 2 usebenza futhi uMnyango Umlutha Psychiatry yokuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa kanye ukuphinda uqeqesho kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha.

Abantu abaningi bayazibuza: iphi ejele Butyrskaya? inombolo ejele Ikheli 2 UFSIN: Ul. Novoslobodskaya, 45 (kuba 4 km ukusuka edolobheni). Manje sikhungo ivikelwe isimo njengoba lesikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele bokwakha.

"Butyrka" uyoba Museum?

Ngesikhashana nje, "Butyrka" ungavula ejele ibe Museum. Le mfuneko ukuvala esikhungweni avelelwe we State Duma amasekela kuxoxa ngazo izikhathi eziningana, kodwa kuze kube manje akukho impumelelo.

Izakhamuzi izindlu eseduze njalo wacela ukuba icatshangelwe ukuvala ejele. Okokuqala, umbono ngamafasitela ezicindezelayo - amawindi ebiyelwe. Okwesibili, egcekeni kunuka okunoshukela ka ubushiqela. Futhi okwesithathu, kanye zokungena njalo waphawula kuzo zonke Reference Bureau ejele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona esinye iphuzu elibalulekile. Endaweni lapho ejele Butyrskaya, ukuthengisa indlu ngentengo emakethe akunakwenzeka, nokuyinto ezwakalayo.

Ngemva ngezikhalo Muscovites amasekela eziningi okunikelwe yawoyise iziboshwa ejele ku Vilyuiskaya emgwaqweni, lapho ngenhlanhla nemibandela zingcono kakhulu. Futhi "Butyrka", ungakwazi vele uvule Museum ejele. Nokho, nakuba lo mbuzo akazange alinge. Ezinye izikhulu zikholelwa ukuthi kukhona ingozi eyeqayo izigebengu sisendleleni. Futhi kukhona ngaphezulu "exotic" Isiphakamiso - ukuhambisa e "Butyrka" Mausoleum.

izehlakalo zokhiye

ejele Butyrskaya kubonakala izindonga abalobi ezidumile, abezombusazwe, abasebenzelana ososayensi, nokunye. D. eliphawuleka kakhulu Intuthuko yamuva nje kwaba stints emfushane Gusinsky. Wayefanele lapha endaweni Blatna - uhlaka yi ifasitela isihlanganisi lokuqala, ngisho isethi TV esitokisini sakhe.

Nokho, namuhla ithelevishini kungabonakala egumbini ngalinye. I "Butyrka" Ubuye umtapo nokukhetha ezinhle okuvusa usinga, zabuna nasezindabeni eziqanjiwe.

Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula iziboshwa bekwi ezihlukahlukene izindaba. Bona bayizingcweti izinsimbi okudweba, abenziwe amakopi nezinkamba imimese, abanye ngisho ukuphatha ukwakha isibhamu okuzenzela. I evamile ukuzijabulisa "nebubi" - Domino, Backgammon kanye chess. Ejele play ikhadi akuvunyelwe. Ngenxa yalesi Yiqiniso, namuhla akusilo esingu, kodwa epholile zingabekwa. Ngamandla akunankinga. Nakuba umbhangqwana edlule kwaba sibi kakhulu. By endleleni, kusukela ngo-1996, abesifazane lapha ayisekho ibekwe.

amahlumela ukuthusa

Yini Akwenzekanga inombolo ejele 2, abanye kunamahlebezi namanje ugcwele eMoscow. ejele Butyrskaya bakubonele nomlando wakhe omude amahlumela eziningi abanamakhono. Kusese Legends mayelana Lantsova uLieutenant, ohlale wahlanganyela ukuxhashazwa. I "Butyrka" ke watshala ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa isikhathi ngasinye wakwazi ukuphuma. Futhi, bathi omunye iziboshwa zabaleka ngokuqondile nehhovisi womphenyi. Nokufihla kuze seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili.

Zama ukubaleka futhi wazama e kuqala inkathi yangemva Soviet. Ngo-1992, iziboshwa ezimbili wakhipha ngishiswa egcekeni umsebenzi, bakhuphukela phezulu ophahleni, wagxuma esuka ukuphakama esitezi sesithathu babaleka. Noma kunjalo, ebambekile kubo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Ngo-1996, wanquma ukuba afeze ukuphunyuka. Wazibekela phezu isiboshwa ababesezikhundleni, okwakufanele babe ngempela kwaba mahhala, futhi bephuma ngokuthula endaweni esikhungweni avelelwe. Bona ebambekile yakhe ngemva kwezinsuku 3.

Ngo-2000 yena bakwazi ukubaleka nokuqalisa isakhamuzi laseGeorgia. Nokho, bababamba ngezinsuku 5. Ngawo lowo nyaka ka-irowu ukufa, nezinkezo bambe up izinsukwana phansi kusimende, baphepha osikweni izigebengu ezintathu eziyingozi. Ababili babo atholakele emva 3 amaviki, kanti eyesithathu wabanjwa kuphela ngo-Ephreli 2003.

Kodwa indlela yokuphunyuka ewumbukwane kusukela Butyrskaya benza isiboshwa oneminyaka engu-26 ubudala Vitaly Ostrovsky (Belarus). Kwathi ngo-April 22, 2010. Wagxumagxuma phezu kocingo oluphakeme sikhungo yeziboshwa phakathi kokukhipha. Thola kwakungenakwenzeka namuhla. Ukuphunyuka Inspired Ostrovsky: ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili "feat" yakhe ran Vitaly Loktev ngonyaka-24 ubudala olahlwe yicala kwebantfwana. Le ndoda ophoqelelwe imigoqo iwindi futhi sigxume sisuka ophahleni we yisivikelo. Kodwa lo mzamo waba ngenhlanhla kuhlulekile - bamthola ngosuku olufanayo.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe "Butyrka"

Kusukela 1971, i-Museum usebenza lapha, kodwa akukho lula kangaka kuye. Vakashela kuphela ezivumelekile isicelo esemthethweni. Kodwa uma sisaqhubeka ehluleka ke i uhambo ejele Butyrka ukukhumbula. Museum, isibonelo, ungabona eziningi zasendulo ezimangalisayo wasimama izisu iziboshwa: sikelo, amabhawodi, nezinkezo. Futhi esinye isiboshwa ngesikhathi ngisho kugwinywe 28 izingcezu chips domino. Kwadingeka ukuba nabo surgically. Umxhwele njengoba izikhali ahlukahlukene ngcono imimese, amavolovolo, umshini i-tattoo.

"Butyrka" zobuciko

- On isiqinti the comedy "Mimino" ikhamela 8 "Butyrskaya" protagonist Valiko Mizandari. Lokhu yena mathupha kubika uma ufaka ukuqeqeshwa umshayeli.

- Ngo-2001, Kudume ukuthi yakhiwa iqembu "Butyrka". Lokhu abaculi igama wanika iqembu ngemuva kokuzama le iziboshwa ngo-2001. Kukhona elinye iqembu ukuthi bacula iculo mayelana inombolo ejele 2 - "Isiphambano Ace". ejele Butyrskaya, ngenxa izingoma zabo eyaduma nakakhulu, futhi kude lé nemingcele yeRussia.

- Kukhona okudalwe ejele izigcawu uchungechunge "Seventeen Moments of Spring." Rumour has it ukuthi, lapho imihubhe ejele kuhambisane nesivinini sokufunda komfundi abaculi ngesimo SS futhi amaGestapo, ezinye iziboshwa phakathi zithithibele Entela bababaza, "Oh, woza wethu!"

- avakashelwe ku "Butyrka" futhi Hollywood umlingisi Mikki Rurk, ukuze ukujwayela isithombe movie "Iron Man 2".

Ngakho, sekuyisikhathi ukuthatha isitokwe. Omunye ejele edume kunazo Russian kubhekwa ejele Butyrskaya, ikheli, ngenhlanhla, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze zingase zishintshe. Nokho, kuze kube manje, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi avelelwe luhlobo ayisekho iyahlangabezana nezidingo eziningi namazinga enelanga, ukuze yawoyise iziboshwa ekujaheni. Kodwa ngisho noma lokhu kwenziwe, inombolo ejele isakhiwo 2 ukuqondisa abantu usizi aba nalo lapho iminyaka eminingi.