Turkish Air Force: Ukwakheka, inombolo, isithombe. Ukuqhathanisa Air Force yeRussia ne-Turkey. Turkish Air Force eMpini Yezwe II

Ngokuzimisela NATO amayunithi futhi SEATO, Turkey luqondiswe izidingo abafanele ezisebenza kuzo zonke wabhalwa ingxenye yaseshashalazini United Air Force Wik aseYurophu amabutho ahlomile. Ikhumbula endaweni ekahle futhi nendawo (ukusondela eRussia nakwamanye amazwe post-sezenhlalo), isikhathi eside, e izikhathi esinokuthula ngokuphelele sokusebenzelana lezi zindawo, NATO wamisa neqembu elinamandla lapha amaqiniso abonisa Turkish Air Force. Lokhu Air Group siqukethe amabili fighter-ekuhlaseleni F-4C "Phantom" (USA) kanye lama-39 aviagruppirovki Tactical. Lena ngaphezu Turkish Lasemoyeni, amayunithi futhi subunits okunganikeza ukwesekwa esebenzayo futhi Navy, kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye amabutho, kuhlanganise umhlaba.

Ngo ukuphikiswa ukuze uthumele ubuchwepheshe nezikhathi izisebenzi namabutho lwenziwe kuzo zonke ngaphakathi enkundleni yemidlalo yase-imisebenzi. Cover izindawo zakho ezibaluleke amasu, olwenziwa intelligence Tactical for amabutho NATO kanye umyalo wakhe. Zonke lezi zinto isikhathi esithile futhi ukufeza Turkish Air Force.

Ukwakheka kanye inhlangano

Ngesikhathi inhloko yezwe ithimba, ezibika uMphathi Jikelele Abasebenzi Air Force. Itholakala e Ankara, kuphi futhi ekhiqizwa isiqondiso nokugada zonke izingxenye, amayunithi kanye okwakheke. Turkey Air Force Headquarters kuyinto ngokubambisana ne Otaki (Joint Tactical Air Command) Izmir.

Emazweni njalo Air iqhaza has abantu amane nesishiyagalombili, plus amabili nesishiyagalolunye namakhulu - zigciniwe. Turkish Lasemoyeni, ogama Ukwakheka akuhlukile kangako kusukela amabutho emoyeni emave, zihlukaniswe amabili TBA (Tactical Air Force) nendlunkulu Diyarbakir futhi Eskeshehire. Lokhu kuhlanganisa base ebusweni-to-air nangomcibisholo, "Nike", iqembu ezokuthutha izindiza futhi ukuqeqeshwa Air Command.

isigaba

The main ukulwa iyunithi le-Turkish Air Force kubhekwa zezindiza isigaba ka nesishiyagalombili izindiza. Okwamanje, imisebenzi ku esikhundleni emzimbeni izindiza akusebenzi F-104G, RF-84F futhi F-100C (futhi D) kuya yesimanje F-4e, F-104S futhi RF-5A. Eyokuqala TBA ezine-Turkish Air Force Base: Myurted, Eskisehir, Bandirma futhi Balikesir. Kukhona squadrons F-100C futhi F-100D, F-104S futhi F-104G, kanye F-4e «phantom», F-102A, F-5A futhi RF-5A. Okwesibili TBA Airbase ezintathu, kodwa isibalo Turkish Air Force izindiza lapho hhayi ngaphansi kuka okukhulu. Diyarbakir base iqukethe isigaba sonke of F-10GD, F-102A futhi RF-84F. Merzifon ezimbili squadrons F-5A, e Erhache - F-100D. Ngezinye nesishiyagalolunye squadrons isiyonke siqukethe ekuhlaseleni kanye ningatholakala Turkish Air Force.

amaqembu Nambili emoyeni - ukuhlaselwa izindiza, emihlanu - fighter aircraft, squadrons ezimbili - ukuhlola. Vele ukulwa izindiza lamakhulu amathathu lamatshumi amathathu, phakathi okuyinto ayisishiyagalolunye - abathwali sezikhali zenuzi. Ezokuthutha Air Group has squadrons ezintathu ne izindiza engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. SAM missile base ifakwe ukuhlukana ezimbili squadrons ezine, lapho kukhona iziqhumane ayisikhombisa nambili, esehlanganise yonke Bosphorus. Turkish Air Force ezinophephela emhlane akuzona ngamanani amakhulu - zabo amathathu: eziyishumi AV-204B, UH-19D futhi UH-11.

Ukulungiselela indiza kanye nabasebenzi lobuchwepheshe

Ukuqeqeshwa obonisa Air Umyalo namayunithi woke izingxenye. Kukhona isebenze Academy, base ezimbili emoyeni (e Konya futhi Çigli) futhi izikole eziningana lobuchwepheshe kanye indiza Turkish Air Force, inani okuyinto kuyahlukahluka ngokuvamile lokho kwanele. Isikole samabanga aphansi - isikole e Istanbul, lapho izinsizwa ayabanjwa, baye kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme futhi Air Force ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthile mayelana nokuphathwa izindiza. Lezi zikole (ezikoleni ezikhethekile zesibili) endaweni emazweni amaningana. Steering su-flight ezikoleni ukufeza abafundi T-37, T-33 ne-T-6.

Ezemfundo oneminyaka emibili, kulandele i-internship e-air lezisekelo, okuyinto kakade ngazuza real amakhono ezempi ukuphatha izindiza TF-102A, TF-100F, TF-104G futhi F-5B. Ngemva internship inikezwa isikhundla wezempi, futhi kufanele ibe isiqondiso isigaba lamanje. Ubuchwepheshe (abasebenzi) abaqeqeshiwe Izmir College: radar opharetha, ochwepheshe okuthunyelwe kanye nokusebenza izikhungo, isiqondiso, ukuxhumana, airfield kanye supply amasevisi e-Air Force futhi sibe nezikole abafanele for ukuqeqeshwa. Inombolo Turkish Air Force izindiza for ukuqeqeshwa has amayunithi cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi amabili. Phakathi kwabo, hhayi kuphela T-6 ne-T-33, futhi fly T-34, T-37, T-41, TF-100F, TF-104G, TF-102X futhi F-5B.

I-NATO

Turkish Air Force izindiza anawo NATO ngesikhathi futhi iyingxenye namabutho ahlangene abo bonke izinhlelo zokulawula. ukuqeqeshwa Combat amayunithi futhi subunits we-Turkish Air Force ibagcine isexwayiso. Izimfundiso ihlelwe ngokuvumelana nezimfuneko NATO futhi ngesisekelo izinhlelo zokusebenza iyawakha kukhona Nokho. Futhi imincintiswano labetibambile lapho ngcono ukubambisana umsebenzi, namakhono ezindizayo iqembu, impendulo esheshayo ukuze abasebenzi emoyeni izimo izikhulu imvelo. On ukulwa ukusebenza kanye ukulungela njalo, okungenani kanye ngonyaka, uhlole konke elisekela emoyeni futhi ngesikhathi amasheke iqembu ngalinye uthola umsebenzi ayo: lokhu nciphisa Okuqondiwe emachibini high and low, futhi nokubhonywa amatshe amancane naphakathi, bese beqhuba kwesimo endaweni zasemoyeni e elula futhi kunzima izimo zezulu.

Inani lonke lezinhloko le-Turkish Air Force uhlanganyela umyalo nabasebenzi umzimba ezempi futhi NATO, eqhutshwa eningizimu yeYurophu njalo. Lokhu "Deep Farrow" futhi "Don likaphethiloli" futhi "Express". Umyalo we-Turkish Air Force kufanele inake nokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu impi ngo-1974 ku-esiqhingini saseKhupro, futhi ngoba uyazinaka omkhulu ekuhlobaneni of the Army, Navy futhi Air Force. Qeqesha futhi ababhubhise amatshe amancane ebusweni. Indawo enkulu kunazo kunikezwa izenzo nge airfields oluseqophelweni izindiza zisakaza.

Ezombusazwe kanye Turkish Air Force

EMpini Yezwe II uhulumeni wezwe cishe kuze kube sekupheleni okuba ngingathathi hlangothi, ngobuciko elawula phakathi ngalokutsite esigodzini ezimbili eziphikisanayo nomunye. Ekupheleni-February 1945, Turkey ekugcineni wanquma ngokumemezela iJalimane. Ngilwa ayizange uthinte, zonke ukwesekwa yayisekelwe izikhundla zamanxusa. Turkey balawula Bosporus futhi iDardanelles sisebunzimeni, eyalandela yempi Black Sea, kwakudingeka nebutho lezempi, kodwa ingxenye esele yabantu amabutho eningizimu kweSoviet-German ngaphambili Mediterranean abazange bazame ukushintsha.

Kusukela ngo-1939, Ankara ebanjwa Bloc Anglo-isiFulentshi, ngoba wayesaba ukuqinisa Italy, kodwa ngemva yokubuyiswa France ngo-1940 nge eJalimane, kakhulu weza wasondela: yanikezwa izinto amasu eluhlaza (-chrome, isibonelo), ngaphuthelwa yempi isiJalimane isiNtaliyane ngokusebenzisa sisebunzimeni. Ngo-1941, Turkey Nokho limenyezelwe hlangothi, ningaphezi, ukuthuthukisa amathemba iqhaza empini neSoviet Union ohlangothini German. On kwemingcele amabutho aseSoviet ukuba buthaka ukunakwa kwakungase kungabi: ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha ukwahlukana Turkish atshalwa ngokuqondile imingcele, njalo kwenziwe aqondisa ezinkulu Turkish Air Force. ECaucasus, iSoviet Union waphoqeleka ukuba sigcine eningi ibutho lempi yingakho.

East iqhinga

Kwaba ngemva Battle of kwaseStalingrad, Turkey wayeqiniseka we ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu izinhlelo eJalimane banqobe abakwa-Soviet Union, bese ngokushesha uqalisiwe ezihlukahlukene isivumelwano oMfelandawonye, kodwa kuphela ngo-August 1944 zonke enobudlelwane nge uHitler ke usuqedile. UHitler iqale impi ngo-ubuhlungu ukuthi iDardanelles kanye Bosphorus uzobe waqashwa kubahlanganyeli anti-Hitler womanyano. imfucuza British ehlome-Turks ngaphansi Unikeza Ubufakazi-Lease - empini angithi akazange iqhaza.

Nokho, ilungu UN ngenxa isikhangiso Turkey impi yaqala. Futhi ilungu NATO, futhi, kusukela ngo-1952. Ngenxa isikhundla ezindawo kuyinto siyilungu eliyigugu kakhulu inhlangano. Ngo-1972, uHulumeni Turkish usebenzisa uhlelo yesikhathi sesimanje yemikhumbi indiza. Ngokomthetho wonke amayunithi ziye retrofitted futhi ingxenye, kunjalo akukho yokwanda kwenani le-Turkish Air Force (Alikho ipaki, akukho abasebenzi). Turkey waziphatha izindiza design is hhayi, ukugcizelela wabekwa ukuthengwa ubuchwepheshe bamuva. Imigomo ukuthengiselana, yebo, evumayo - NATO njalo isekela amalungu ayo.

imininingwane

Isivumelwano ne-United States uye wanikeza Turkey ngo-1972, amashumi amane fighter-ekuhlaseleni "Phantom» - F-4e, okuzokwenza esikhundleni yisikhathi. pilot-Turkish kanye nochwepheshe kahle izikhali ezintsha e-United States, bese isikhungo ukuqeqeshwa yasungulwa. Ngo-1974 e-Italy usayine isivumelwano ne Turkey wafaka wakhe amahlanu nane ezivezwa ilayisensi American F-104S fighter. Germany ezinikelwe le-Turkish Air Force ayisishiyagalolunye TF-104G ukuqeqeshwa izindiza, nayo ezivezwa Ilayisensi United States. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imizamo yama-Jalimane esakhiwe e Kayseri Aircraft Factory - nanhlanu zokuthutha ngonyaka. Ngokwemvelo, ngenxa yokulungiswa Jets imikhumbi nokuqeqeshwa Turkish ochwepheshe ezempi amakhono kulwa ibutho lasemoyeni liye landa kakhulu.

Ingabe kungayiqedi ukungqubuzana eMpumalanga Ephakathi ngokuqondile ukuthi Turkey Ophishekela inqubomgomo angaphandle nolaka. Futhi ugcizelele yiso ku ukulwa izindiza. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula wezempi ukungqubuzana Syria futhi ekuhlaseleni amayunithi Turkish ku izindiza zempi we Russian Federation. Ubuhlobo phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili abe uhlaka of an emhlabeni ongagxilile, nokho anesikhundla alawula Turkey ngeke aphumelele. iimfuneko zawo hegemonic esikhaleni Asian okugqugquzelwa NATO ubulungu, kodwa ngemva ngendlela eyinqaba iphutha Icebo lika lempi ubuholi Turkish akunjalo sisethemba maqondana umfelandawonye. Ankara has wonke amathemba okufanayo indima yabo ukulwa izindiza emzabalazweni zakwamanye amazwe, kodwa i-anti-Russian umkayo inqama ezandleni NATO ukuba kumile. Noma kunjalo, okwesikhashana.

Ukuqhathanisa Air Force

Russia nase Turkey unokuthile ukukhumbula ndawonye. Kuwo wonke umlando ubudlelwane phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili waqala empini kashumi nambili, nokuphikisana okwakungaphakathi sendawo le nombolo akufakiwe. Impi yokugcina wayeneminyaka eyikhulu edlule - izwe lokuqala. Nokho, ngo-2016 ingozi ethile Ukungqubuzana lempi oqondile waphinde okusezingeni eliphezulu. Kwakuwusuku ukubhujiswa yethu Su-24, impendulo eyayiwukuba Turkey kunalokho esiphawulekayo. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ezempi ungakaqali. ibhizinisi Russian cishe wabhubhisa Turkish ukuvinjelwa baseRussia iholide kulelizwe. Futhi kungenzeka empini ngisho wakhuluma ochwepheshe: ojenene, futhi osomaqhinga. Kodwa ekukhanyeni lokhu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ingxabano, njengoba esezinzile, baletha axolise, kunengqondo ukuthola bezikhali wamabutho Turkish futhi Russian uma uziqhathanisa nabo.

I kungenzeka kakhulu indawo ukushayisana zezindiza phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili - i nenyakatho Siriya, lapho ithola usekelo lwe-Turkish oshayasibhamu yaseSiriya. Ngenxa okuyinto Ankara engenaso isiqiniseko yena ukuze akesabi ukuziphindiselela ku ingxenye zezindiza Russian? Ngesisekelo Turkish Air Force - American oyisizukulwane sesine fighter - F-16 (omunye wabo angqongqoze webhomu yethu angahlaba emhlane), banayo amabili namashumi izingcezu eziyisishiyagalombili eTurkey. Abakwazi engeza ukulungiswa ezihlukahlukene NF-5 ifa US fighter (1964) - bona-Turkish Lasemoyeni kanye into amane nanye. Kuqhathaniswa lokuqala - it is more workhorse siqala yindala kakhulu - lokhu fighter ukuba esikhundleni esisemqoka.

VCs yethu (Aerospace Force) nakanjani aphakeme Turkish. Kukhona isiphepho troopers, futhi ekuhlaseleni zamasu kanye Tactical Tu-160 futhi Tu-95 kanye ekulweni uvinjelwe eRussia njengoba inhlangano yamaphekula LIH. Sine fighters ezintathu namashumi amathathu zokuguqulwa ezihlukahlukene Su-27, izindiza ayisithupha Su-30, iSonto-35S amane, MIG-29 ezingamakhulu amabili, MIG-31, ziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu, kanti anekhono kunazo fighter aircraft yokwakha entsha - i-Su-30 futhi Su-35, kanye i-radar ugibelile. Bakude ngaphezu kwanoma yini ekhona emoyeni namhlanje.

aircraft kokunqotshwa

Eqondiswa amabhomu zasemoyeni Kab-500-C no Kab-1500, lapho inkonzo ne Russian Lasemoyeni, plus cruise ezicitshwayo X-555 futhi X-101, nayo iyindlela enhle ukunqoba isitha, impela. Okuningi kudinga inkinga umsebenzi Intermediate emoyeni-to-air ububanzi, kodwa kancane kancane ixazululwe. Missile esemqoka yalolu ikilasi ka ezokuxhumana ezinjenge-skype yethu - P-27 ubudala kakhulu, okuyinto has a Semi-asebenzayo radar homing ikhanda ngoba. Abashayeli kunzima ngempela ukukuthwala umgomo, ngoba awukwazi ukushayela wokuhamba ngqo. Futhi zilwe usesimweni esishubile futhi oluyingozi akuyona isikhundla omuhle. Ehlome iqhinga warhead awukwazi ukuthola umgomo.

Umsebenzi olwenziwa, R-27 is phansi ukuguqulwa eyinkimbinkimbi, ithela homing ezishisayo. Lesi sici ukhulula umshayeli ekutheni ukuba baphathe rocket, kodwa ngisho lokhu ngcono angakwenzi izikhali ethuthukile. Lapha-Turkish Air Force kuze kuqala, njengoba ahlomile US ezicitshwayo AIM-120C AMRAAM, okungase ayifake umgomo bese ukhohlwa ngazo. Bathola umgomo. Mhlawumbe umshayeli akasakwazi ukuwuqondisa ngesikhathi esifanayo okungaphezu pilot fighters Russian. It uhlala ukuba nethemba abanamakhono amahle kanye nokuqeqeshwa nabasebenza yethu, ngokuba kuyabongeka lokho phambi inquma umphumela ngxabano emoyeni ngamunye.

Imiphumela

Njengoba VCs Russian ngaphezu multi-indima fighters ekuhlaseleni Frontline bese lwamasu lapho kubhujiswa lesi imigomo ebaluleke kunazo zonke izingqalasizinda isitha, futhi izinto eziningi olukhudlwana, inzuzo kuqhathaniswa ohlangothini Air yethu Force. Futhi ezinye izinhlobo izindiza amayunithi (ekuhlaseleni, ukuhlaselwa izindiza, ezinophephela emhlane, zokuthutha impahla yempi) sethule uhlelo engenakuqhathaniswa ngaphezulu. Inzuzo akunakuphikwa. Nakuba Turkey okuhlanganiswe ngayo NATO uhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela, futhi American Patriot inebanga izilonda kuze kube amakhilomitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, eRussia behlome izinhlelo zakamuva S-300 futhi S-400, ogama ukuthola isukela amakhilomitha cishe anamakhulu mahlanu.

Ngokubeka lezi izakhiwo ku Latakia yaseSiriya, Russia mathupha eqiniseka ukuthi Turkey sezinzwa ngoba ukulawula eseke ingxenye enkulu eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe. Kufinyeta ukufaniswa kwe-Air Force yeRussia ne-Turkey, kumelwe sivume ukuthi uma kwenzeka impi kuyoba inzuzo ku-Russia, ngoba ulwe-ngomumo izindiza izinga ngaphezulu kanye nobungako liyaqhubeka likhula, ukuthuthukiswa ingaphansi indlela, unezela izindiza ezintsha kanye imishini yokulwa ezingcono. Kodwa amaphaphu lokulwa ngeke, ngoba ayikwazi ngokuthi ababuthakathaka Turkish Air Force (isithombe ekubonisa). Ngakho, kwakungeke kube ngcono akuzange kwenzeke angenayo impi.